高中英语Unit1 Grammar课件新人教版选修八.ppt

unit1alandofdiversitygrammar thenounclauses 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 nounclauses 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语 介词宾语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 subjectclause 宾语从句 objectclause 表语从句 predicativeclause 和同位语从句 appositiveclause whowillwinthematchisstillunknown iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou thefactisthatwehavelostthegame thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 subjectclause 主语从句 objectclause 宾语从句 nounclausepredicativeclause 表语从句 主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句 e g thattheearthisroundistrue whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion whatyouaredoingseemsverydifficult whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet 引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的 thattheearthisroundistruethat 从句作主语通常用it作先行词 而将that 从句置于句末 例如 itistruethattheearthisround it sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave 你非走不可真是件憾事 attention 2 表示 是否 意义时 一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句 whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion 但如果有形式主语it引导时 既可用whether 也可用if e g itisstillaquestionifshewillcomeornot 3 有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句 e g itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart 用it作形式主语的that 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系 it be 形容词 that 从句itisnecessarythat 有必要 itisimportantthat 重要的是 itisobviousthat 很明显 b it be ed分词 that 从句itisbelievedthat 人们相信 itisknowntoallthat 从所周知 ithasbeendecidedthat 已决定 c it be 名词 that 从句itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 itisafactthat 事实是 d it 不及物动词 that 分句itappearsthat 似乎 ithappensthat 碰巧 itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 1 youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness a whatb whoc thatd whether 2 hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent a whatb thatc thefactd thematter 练一练 what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别 what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 表示 的 而that则不然 它在句子中只起连接作用 没有意义 1 whatyousaidyesterdayisright 2 thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell knowntoeverybody 3 leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights a anyoneb thepersonc whoeverd who4 thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather a wheneverb ifc whetherd that 5 isafactthatenglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage a thereb thisc thatd it 6 whenandwhyhecamehere yet a isnotknownb arenotknownc hasnotknownd havenotbee7 afteryangliweisucceededincirclingtheearth ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace a whereb whatc thatd how3 itworriedmaryalot shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination a whetherb ifc thatd how 宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句 e g doyouknowwhereheis i mglad that youhavepassedtheexam idon tknowwhether if youarewillingtohelpme i msorryforwhatihavesaid 我为我说的话表示歉意 特别提示1 由连接词that引导宾语从句时 that在句中不担任任何成分 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去 但如从句是并列句时 第二个分句前的that不可省 2 下列宾语从句必须用whether引导 不可用if a 从句后有ornot时 不可用if idon tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot b 介词宾语通常用whether引导 itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot 这要看他是否会来 c 后接动词不定式时 canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay 你能否告诉我是去还是留 3 用who whom which whose what when where why how whoever whatever whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句 应注意句子语序要用陈述语序 doyouknowhowoldheis iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou 我想知道他告诉了你什么 shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好 shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport 凡需要帮助的人 她都会给予热情的支持 4 think believe imagine suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中 要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式 即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中 例如 wedon tthinkyouarehere 我们认为你不在这 idon tbelievehewilldoso 我相信他不会这样做 heasked foraviolin met1992 a didipayhowmuchb ipaidhowmuchc howmuchdidipayd howmuchipaid2 itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants nmet1997 a howeverb whateverc whicheverd whenever3 littletommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster hehaddonethedaybefore a thatb howc whatd where 4 theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty uptobeduringthepastfewyears a hadhisdaughtergrownb wouldhisdaughtergrowc hisdaughterwouldgrowd hisdaughterhadgrown5 haveyouseenmarylately mybosswantstoknow a howsheisgettingalongb howisshegettingalongc whatsheisgettingalongd whatisshegettingalong 6 thetruevalueoflifeisnotin but a whichweget whatgiveweb whatweget whatwegivec whichdoweget whatdowegived howweget thatwegive7 youcan timagine whentheyreceivedthesenicechristmaspresents a howtheywereexcitedb howexcitedtheywerec howexcitedweretheyd theywerehowexcited8 doyouknow a howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld b howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldc howmanythepopulationoftheworldisd whatthepopulationoftheworldis 9 idon tdoubt he llcome a thatb ifc whatd whether10 doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot a ifb wherec whetherd thatifdependson wewillbereadyintime a whetherb thatc ifd when 表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词后 如 be seem remain等 有时用asif引导 其基本结构为 主语 系动词 that从句 e g theproblemisthatiamshortofmoney chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe thequestionishowwecangetthere itlooksasifitisgoingtorain 看上去天要下雨了 特别提醒1 表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制 2 表语从句是不用if引导的 要用whether 主语是reason时 表语从句常用that 不用because thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon 上海2001年春季招生 a whenb howc whetherd why idrovetozhuhaifortheairshowlastweek isthat youhadafewdaysoff nmet1999 a whyb whatc whend where3 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons a what whyb that whyc what becaused why that 4 goandgetyourcoat it s youlefti