高中英语阅读之猜测词义课件人教版必修一.ppt

welcometoourclass 囧 今天好囧啊 等了半天打不到的士 墙角数枝槑 梅 凌寒独自开 遥赞它是雪 只能说你呆 ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading whatwillyoudo ignorethemandcontinuereading lookthemupinthedictionary chinawillseethelongestsolareclipsein500yearsonjuly21 ascientistwangsaidonsaturday thetotaleclipsewilllastuptosixminutes anditisthelongesteclipsethatcanbeseeninchinainalmostyearsfrom1814to2309 hesaid guessthemeaning 2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料 例如公告 说明 广告以及书 报 杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章 考生应能 理解主旨要义 理解文中具体信息 根据上下文推断生词的词义 作出简单判断和理解 理解文章的基本结构 理解作者的意图和态度 抓主旨明细节猜词义做推断 猜测词义读懂文章 高三英语阅读指导 阅读篇 2005 2009年阅读理解试题分类情况 猜测词义题目类型 对考纲外生词的猜测 manyunitednationsemployeesarepolyglots mr jim forexample speaksfivelanguagesfluently polyglot mostprobablymeans 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测 ihadfirstknownshewaswrongthatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment 04全国卷 cloud means thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic ifyouaskyourbraintolearn itwilllearn 07四川卷 bysaying thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic thewritermeansthebraincanbe a usedb masteredc developedd researched 对句义的猜测 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有 1 theword refersto probablymeans couldbestbereplacedby 2 theword ismostlikelytomean 3 whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor 4 theunderlinedword means 语境法contextclues 构词法wordformation 猜测词意 2010高考阅读理解专题 wordformation构词法 英语单词大多是由词根 词头 前缀 和词尾 后缀 所组成 词根是单词最基本的部分 表达单词的基本含义 在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀 可以用来引申或转变原词的意义 只要我们掌握了各种词根 词头和词尾的基本含义 那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有 super 超 mini 极小的 微小的 micro 极微小的 re 再 反复 mis 误 恶 im 不 un 不 非 in 不 非 non 不 非 able 能 的 less 不 无 wards 向 supermanmicrowave 超人 nonnaturalmispronounce 非自然的 homelessnonsmoker 无家可归的 rebuildeastwards 重建 canyouguesstherightmeanings 微波 非烟民 发错音 向东 mary ofcourseyouareoverweight youeattoomuchjunkfood evenworse youexcerciseinfrequently evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend rubinwrites thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings 2003nmet withtheirshiningbrowneyes waggingtails andunconditionallove dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence unconditional nonjudgmental 无条件的 绝对的 没有判断力的 1 05重庆卷 1 whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim 2 it struethatlighthousewerebuiltinout of the wayplace 3 whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50 000yearsago howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife word formation 合成形容词 词性变化 复合法 转化法 派生法 词的派生 语境法猜测词义 logicalrelations ex1 apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8a m thisweek 木匠 动物学家 牧人 夜班 语境法猜测词义 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is becalled beknownas bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示 或由thatis tosay inotherwords toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词 小结 ex 2thenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thelawthatwasineffectlastyear motherwastall fatandmiddle aged myauntwasanoldwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter 替代 丰满的 thoughtom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 污秽的 节约的 inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil somehumanactionsarelearned butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate 混乱 天生的 语境法猜测词义 由and或or like as as thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系 表转折关系的词常有如but while however insteadof ratherthan unlike yet otherwise though onthecontrary等 小结 05广东卷 unlikevitaminc leadershipskillscan tbeeasilyswalloweddown theymustbecarefullycultivated theunderlinedwordroughlymeans a encouragedb comparedc examinedd developed ex3 rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 弹性的 混浊的 sinceicouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting iboughtareplica aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference he ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 复制品 精明的 修剪 语境法猜测词义 常用关联词 如because as since for so thus asaresult so so that such thattherefore等 表示前因后果 小结 06陕西卷 thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads inparagraph2 aroofovertheirheads mostprobablymeans a acapb acarc ahomed acovering ex 4carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 家禽 装置 thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances suchaswashingmachine fridgeandmicrowaveovenect difinedmostbroadly folkloreincludesallthecustomes beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddowmfromgenerationtogeneration 家电 民俗 语境法猜测词义 常用suchas like forexample forinstance等引出例子 可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义 小结 对考纲外生词的猜测 manyunitednationsemployeesarepolyglots mr jim forexample speaksfivelanguagesfluently polyglot mostprobablymeans 通晓多种语言的 ex 5whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled 麻药 波纹 膨胀 冷缩 oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid inthestrongwind thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold 症状 易挥发的 颤抖 语境法猜测词义 小结 根据自身的直接或间接的经验 或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来 因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯 宗教信仰 社会生活等 可以帮助加深对文章的理解 遇到生词 猜测词义的能力自然就提高了 chinawillseethelongestsolareclipsein500yearsonjuly21 ascientistwangsaidonsaturday thetotaleclipsewilllastuptosixminutes anditisthelongesteclipsethatcanbeseeninchinainalmostyearsfrom1814to2309 hesaid 05福建卷 rainforestsliketheamazonareimportantformoppingupco2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming thephrase moppingup intheparagraphmeans a cleaningupb takinginc wipingoutd givingout ex 6whatdoes inthepubliceye mean a 公众熟悉的 出名的tips inpublic在公众场合thepublic大众eye眼睛 guess b 在群众的眼里c 公开的d 令人眼热的 mrzhangoftenappearsinpublic butheisnotfamous heisnotinthepubliceye janeisusuallyprompt a lateb ontimec pleased janeisusuallypromptforherclasses janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass adj 敏捷的 迅速的 即时的adv 准时地 语境法猜测词义 小结 所谓 词不离句 句不离章 讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景 猜测生词义或句意时 一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子 进行合情合理的推测 排除肤浅的表义 选择蕴含在其中的深意 theashesofthegreatwallarefallingdown ithinkthegreatwallisnowlikean80yearsoldman insomeplacesitisstillstanding butreallyunlessthereissomegoodmedicine mostofitwon tbestandinginthenextfiftyoronehundredyears ifpeopledon ttakemedicine thegreatwallwillfalldown b thegreatwallislikean80year oldman whoneedsmedicalcare c wemusttakesomemeasurestopretectthegreatwall ormostofthegreatwallwillbreakdownin50or100yearsd thegreatwallisfallingdown anditwilldisappearinthefuture 对句义的猜测 thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic ifyouaskyourbraintolearn itwilllearn 07四川卷 bysaying thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic thewritermeansthebraincanbe a usedb masteredc developedd researched butit satwo waystreet ijustheardaboutathousandshenzhenofficeworkerswhohavegonetobangaloretotraininsoftware meanwhile alltheindianitmajorsaresettingupastrongpresenceinchina 09辽宁卷 whatdoesthewritermeanby it satwo waystreet whatdoesthewritermeanby it satwo waystreet chinaandindiahavedifferenttrafficrules b teatradeworkswandersinbothindiaandchinac chineseproductsarepopularinbothchinaandindiad theexchangesbetweenindiaandchinabenefitboth d inquiry basedactivities i 探究活动 1 1 therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys aglacierisariverofice a 雪山b 树枝c 冰河d 冰2 heisaresoluteman oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway a weakb firmc kindd clever 小试身手 3 mr brownisnowworkingatprincetonuniversityfarawayfromhome forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks a 租用b 借出c 购买d 参观 4 theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer a workb studyc named interest 5 theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady a 爱猫的b 古怪的c 闲不住d 动物保护主义者6 inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes frompenurytogreatwealth a 便士b 温饱c 非常贫困d 虚弱 7 mrs smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype a 活泼的b 好动的c 多嘴多舌的d 可爱的8 thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity a townb capitalc countrysided house9 thisboyisnotstupid onthecontrary noonecouldbemoreintelligent a 勤奋的b 愚蠢的c 聪明的d 情报 10 childrenarealwaysboasting theysaythingslike mydad scarisbiggerthanyourdad s mymomissmarterthanyours and myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours theword boasting means a 骄傲b 吹牛c 顽皮d 幼稚 inquiry basedactivities ii 探究活动 2 passage1tensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheantarcticicesheetandblockedtheirparents roadtothefeedingareas adelineandemperorpenguinsnestingontherossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks bornduringthenovember decemberbreedingseason whatdoestheunderlinedword obtain probablymean a eatb getc selld buy b passage2aman spositionamongtheblack tentpeopledependsonhisancestors relatives andfellowtribesmen iftheyarehonored heisalsohonored iftheyaredisgraced hetooisdisgraced thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily hislineage 宗系 andhistribe theword disgrace means inthistext a honorb endangerc proudd shame d passage3therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished afewmembersofthesenate 参议院 opposedthisdecision butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever theunderlinedword banished mean a killedbystoningb sentawayc imprisonedd punishedbywhipping b passage4myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields iwouldwalkbehindanox guidinghimwithabroomstick for 1aday iworkedeighthoursstraight withnofoodbreaks itwasverytediouswork butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus ihadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasicould whatdoestheunderlinedword tedious probablymean a