高中英语：Learning about language课件人教版选修7.ppt

learningaboutlanguage unit1livingwell answerkeysforex 1onpage4 ambition absence suitable beneficial annoyed annoying discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions clumsy firm noisy psychological encouragement answerkeysforex 2onpage4 lapannoyeddictationentrymicroscopeoutgoingfellowconduct answerkeysforex 3onpage4 inmanywayssitaroundmadefunofadapttooutofbreathallinallcuttingoutinotherwords 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式 由 to 动词原形 构成 没有人称和数的变化 在句中不能独立作谓语 但不定式具有名词 形容词和副词的特征 在句中可以作主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语等 复习不定式 revisetheinfinitive 1 itisgoodtohelpothers 2 itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings 3 myambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenigrowup 辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分 subject subject predicative 4 idon thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself 5 iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake 6 abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme 7 myfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoiam attribute attribute object object 8 ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife 9 somedaysiamtootiredtogetoutofbed 10 wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople adverbial adverbial objectcomplement 不定式在句中的功能做主语 那样做是很幼稚的 toactlikethatischildish 为避免句子出现 头重脚轻 现象 常用it做形式主语 将真正主语的不定式后置 要学好英语不是那么容易的 ex itisnoteasytolearnenglishwell 2 做宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情 ex shelovestotalkaboutthematter 他希望不久能找到工作 hehopestofindajobsoon 常接不定式做宾语的动词有 afford agree aim arrange ask attempt begin bother care choose continue dare decide demand expect fail hate hope learn long manage mean need offer plan prefer prepare promise prove refuse want wish等 不定式有时和连接代 副词一起构成宾语 ex doyourememberwhichwaytogetthere 下一步干什么你决定了吗 haveyoudecidedwhattodonext 我来问他怎么样开这机器 i llaskhimhowtooperatethemachine 有时不定式由whether引起 ididn tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit feel find judge make think believe consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语 补语是形容词 间或是名词 常用it作形式宾语 把不定式后移 ex ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim 3 做宾语补足语 常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有 ask beg prefer help promise wish want expect permit request allow command tell invite cause encourage warn advise persuade force order remind teach 等 ex fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim 后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有 let hear have make see observe feel watch notice等 ex thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman 4 做表语不定式可用作表语 说明主语的具体内容 myworkistocleantheroomeveryday 我的梦想是成为一名医生 hisdreamistobeadoctor 5 做定语不定式放在被修饰的名词 代词后面 往往表示未发生的动作 ihavealotofworktodo sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool 6 做状语 1 做目的状语 常用的结构 todo inordertodo soastodo so such astodo etc ex icomeheretosaygood byetoyou 2 做结果状语 常与副词only enough或too连用 hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam heisoldenoughtogotoschool 不定式做原因状语 一般用在句尾ex i mgladtoseeyou shewepttoseethesight 二 不定式的否定结构 不定式的否定结构多由 not 不定式 构成 否定副词not never seldom hardly等要置于to前 ex 请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍 pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet 她检查名字为了不犯错误 shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes 三 不定式的时态 1 一般时表示的动作 有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后 ex heseemstoknowthis 他似乎知道这事 ihopetoseeyouagain 我希望再见到你 2 完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前 很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦 ex i msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble 3 一般进行时表示的动作正在进行 与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 ex 他好象正在吃什么东西 heseemstobeeatingsomething 4 完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候 据说她研究这问题有好多年了 sheissaidtohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears practice choosing 10m 1 shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped onabigrockbythesideofthepath a tohaverestedb restingc torestd rest2 we replanning apartynextweek a tohaveb havec havingd had c a 3 whichdoyouprefer yourweekends fishingorwatchingtv neither spendingb tospendc beingspentd spend4 didyoufindout thepieoutoftheoven a whentotakeb totakec havetakend beingtaken b a 5 getacompletepicture furtherinformationisneeded inorderthatb inordertoc beingd tohave6 it snecessary someenglishgrammar forstudentstolearnb forstudentslearningc ofstudentstolearnd ofstudentslearning a b 7 ioughtto himthenews butiforgottodoso a remembertotellb remembertellingc haverememberedtotelld haverememberedtelling8 i youtheexcitingnews butyouwerenotathome meanttellingb meanttotellingc meanttohavingtoldd meanttotell c d 高考链接 idon twant likei mspeakingillofanybody butthemanager splanisunfair tosoundb tobesoundedc soundingd tohavesounded a 解析 want后接不定式 sound是系动词 没有被动式 句中没有强调完成的时间状语或含义 2 itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust alookatthesportsstar a hadb havingc tohaved have c 解析 不定式tohave在此做目的状语 3 isbobstillperforming i mafraidnot heissaid thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial tohaveleftb toleavec tohavebeenleftd tobeleft a 解析 主语he与leave是主动关系 句中出现了already tohaveleft表示该动作发生在主语谓语issaid之前 4 cantheprojecthefinishedasplanned sure itcompletedintime we llwork