高中英语：Noun Clauses课件新目标必修3.ppt

nounclauses 名词性从句 句子的结构基本类型 简单句 并列句 复合句ilikefootball ilikefootballbuthelikesbasketball iplayfootballwheneverihavetime 并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起的句子 并列句的基本结构 简单句 并列连词 简单句 maxwasborningermanyandgermanwashisnativelanguage 并列关系 asmilecostsnothingbutitisworthalot 转折关系 don tmove ori llfire 选择关系 itmusthaverained forthegroundiswet 因果关系 复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子 复合句的基本结构 主句 从句 或 从句 主句 一般来说 从句只充当主句中的某个成分 根据从句在句中的句法功能 从句可分为定语从句 名词性从句 状语从句 名词性从句的种类 根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分 可分为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 名词性从句定语从句状语从句 主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句 主语 hisjobisimportant whathedoesisimportant 表语 thisishisjob thisiswhathedoeseveryday 宾语 idon tlikehisjob idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday 同位语 idon tknowabouttheman mr white idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher 宾语从句 objectclause 宾语从句的类型 vt o clausevt sb o clausebe adj o clauseprep o clausevt it adj o clause headmittedthathewaswrong hetoldmewhathehadseen i mafraidthatileftmykeysathome wearetalkingabouthowhewillcomebackhome ifounditimpossiblethathefinisheditinsuchashorttime 连接词 that whether ifwho whom whose what whichwhoever whomever whosever whatever whichever when where why howwhenever wherever however that iamsure that shewillcomehereontime 我相信他会在一个月内回来 仅起连接作用 无意义 在句中不作任何成分 口语中常可省略 ibelievehewillbebackinamonth notes 1 在 等表示要求 建议 命令 决定等意义的动词后 宾语从句应用 should 动词原形 insist order command suggest advise propose demand desire request require thecommanderorderedthattroops should setoffatonce 2 vt it adj 惯用搭配 that从句 wethinkitimportantthateverycitizenshouldhavegoodmanners ithoughtitnotnecessarythathecamebackearlier 3 注意动词doubt的否定式才可以接that idon tdoubtthathewillbeagainsttheidea idoubtwhetherhewillbeagainsttheidea whether if iwonderwhether ifsherememberedthewonderfuldayswespenttogether 我想知道他是否通过了考试iwanttoknowwhether ifhehaspassedtheexams 起连接作用 在句中也不作任何成分 意为 是否 究竟 到底 但不能省 连接代词 在句中起连接作用 在从句中还充当主语 宾语 表语 定语 本身具有词义 idon tknowwhoisyourbrother isthemanindarkglasses doyouknowwho whomjackwasspeakingto heaskedwhosecaritwas payattentiontowhatthedoctorsaid madamcuriediscoveredwhatshecalledradium idon tknowwhichschoolheisin 连接副词 在句中起连接作用 在从句中还充当时间 地点 方式 原因状语 本身具有词义 pleasetellmewhentheearthquakehappened willyoutellmehowicankeepfitandhealthy iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation canyoutellmewherethenearestpostofficeis 时态 宾语从句中 如果主句是现在时 包括一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 iknowheliveshere iknowhelivedheretenyearsago ihaveheardhewillcome 宾语从句中 如果主句是过去时 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 那么从句的时态也一定要相应的过去时态 主过从过 hehassaidthathehasseenit hesaidthathehadseenit iknowwholiveshere iknewwholivedhere heaskedwhetherhisfatherwillcomeback hesaidthathehasseenit theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun had would attention 如果主句是过去的时态 从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 travels 语序 无论哪类连词引导的宾语从句 从句的语序都是陈述语序 连接词 主语 谓语 heisanhonestman isaid isaid that hewasanhonestman doeshestudyhard iwonder iwonderif whetherhestudieshard whendidheleave idon tknow idon tknowwhenheleft practicingtime idon tknow hestillliveshere a whereb whatc whend whether2 wedon tknow theydidit a howb whoc whatd which3 iwonder heiscryingnow a thatb whyc howd when 4 haveyoufoundout wecandoonhainanisland a whatb howc ifd whether5 lilysaid shehadfinishedhercomposition a ifb thatc whend where 6 heaskedmehisstory a ilikedb didyoulikec ifdidiliked ifiliked7 timtoldhisteacherthathe bornin1986 a wasb hadbeenc isd hasbeen 8 motheraskedthekid withhistoycar a whatthematterwasb whatwasthematterc whatthematterisd whatthematteris9 shetoldmethatshe youinlondonayearbefore a hadmetb metc wouldmeetd hasmet whatwasthematter 1 that的保留 多个宾语从句并列时第一个that可省其他都不可省 weallthink that sheisstudyingveryhardandthatshewillsurelygotoaverygooduniversity notes 作介词宾语时 that不可省 thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo 当有插入词语时 that不可省hejudgedthat becausehewasachild hedidnotunderstandwine heannounced believeitornot thathewouldneverforgiveher 宾语从句中有主从复合句 尤其是状语从句时 that不可省 fatherpromisedthatifipassedtheexamhewouldbuymeanewbike 当宾语从句有it做其形式宾语时 that不可省略 wethinkitimportantthatallthestudentsshouldlearnenglishwell 当宾语从句有双宾语时 that一般不可以省 itoldmymotherthatihadlostmyschoolbag whether if whether引导的宾语从句可位于句首whetherthisistrueornot ican tsay whether ornot if ornot 但whetherornot不可以说成ifornot iwonderwhether ifyouwillhelpmeornot whetherornotyouwillhelpme whether引导的宾语从句还可以做介词的宾语 if不可以 wearetalkingaboutwhethershewillcomebackhome whether还可以用于不定式前 if不可以 idon tknowwhethertogoornot 表语从句和同位语从句通常用whether引导thequestioniswhetherhewillcome ihavenoideawhetherhewillcome if有 如果 的含义 若主句谓语动词为think believe suppose expect guess imagine等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 例如 idon tthinkthislearningmethodisgoodforyou 宾语从句的否定转移 简略回答 用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句 用not代替一个否定的宾语从句e g doyoubelievehewillbebacksoon ibelieveso idon tbelieveso 或ibelievenot 但是hope guess afraid fear的后面只能用not形式不可以用don t so的形式 itseemsthatitwillbeabaddaytoday ihopenot iwanttogooutforapicnic 其反意疑问句的结构一般与宾语从句保持一致 idon tsupposethatheisathome ishe 如果主语是二三人称 反义疑问句跟主句保持一致hethinksyoutwohavemetbefore doesn the 除了这些词外 宾语从句的反义疑问句的人称及助动词一般与主句一致 hesaidhiswifewasbeautiful didn the wouldyoumindtellingmewhatlanguageyourfriendspeaks wouldyoumindtellingmewhichlanguageyourfriendspeaks englishorfrench whichofthesebooksdoyoulikebest which what wh wh ever idon tknowwhatschoolhestudiesin whatmatterisnothowmanytreesweplantedbuttheprotectionofthetrees itiswrongtogivechildrenwhatevertheywant heisconsideringwhenheisfree youcanchoosewheneveryouliketocometoseeme prep wh howclausewearetalkingabouthowhewillcomebackhome prep but except besides o clauseiknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouthhegoestoschoolbybikeexceptwhenitrainsyourcompositionisverygoodexceptthatthereareafewmistakes 介词 宾语从句 表语从句 predicativeclause e g thisishisjob thisiswhathedoeseveryday 常见的系动词有 beappear look seem feel smell taste sound turn become get grow come go etc 连接词 语序 陈述语序 误 thequestionisthatwhenwillhecomeback 正 thequestionisthatwhenhewillcomeback 连接词 用法同宾从 that whether 不能用if who whom whose what whichwhoever whomever whosever whatever whichever when where why howwhenever wherever however thetroubleisthathehasnoworkexperience 问题是我们没有足够的钱 theproblemisthatwedon thaveenoughmoney thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproduct 问题是他是否能及时到场 thequestioniswhetherhewillturnupintime thisiswhatiaminterestedin theearthtodayisnotwhatitwasmillionsofyearsago theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob thefirstthingwehavetomakecleariswhosecarwasstolen that swhereican tagreewithyou thisiswhysarawaslateforthemeeting thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties thequestioniswhenwe llcompletetheproject 其他连词because asif asthough引导的表语从句 notes because引导表语从句通常只用于 this that itisbecause 结构中 e g myangerisbecauseyouhaven twrittentomeforalongtime 他很穷 那是因为他曾经负债累累 heispoor thatisbecausehehasbeendeepindebt asif asthough常置于系动词seem look feel sound等后面 译为 好像 e g itseemsasifyouhavesomethingtotellme lookatthedarkclouds itseemsasifitisgoingtorain attention asif though的虚拟语气 表示不存在的动作或状态 theelephantfeelsasif thoughitwereawall helookedasif thoughnothinghadhappenedtohim 如果主句的主语是 等名词时 则表语从句的谓语应用 should 动词原形mysuggestionisthatwe should haveadiscussion advice suggestion proposal order command request requirement desire demand practicingtime 1 goandgetyourcoat it s youleftit a thereb wherec therewered wherethere2 theproblemis hehasenoughtime a ifb whetherc d that3 whatthedoctorreallydoubtis mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon a whenb howc whetherd why 4 idrovetozhuhaifortheairshowlastweek isthat youhadafewdaysoff a whyb whenc whatd where5 areyoustillthinkingaboutthatgame oh that s a whatmakesmefeelexcitedb whateverifeelexcitedabout c howifeelaboutitd whenifeelexcited 主语从句 subjectclause 连接词 语序 陈述语序 正 whenhewillcomeisnotknown 误 whenwillhecomeisnotknown 主语从句作主语谓语动词用单数 连接词 that whether 不能用if who whom whose what whichwhoever whomever whosever whatever whichever when where why howwhenever wherever however 连接词that whether在从句中不作任何成分 但不能省 e g thatthewoundedsoldierisstillaliveisawonder 周先生要来 这是肯定的 thatmr zhouwillcomeiscertain e g whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet 明天我们能不能去野炊还是个问题 whetherwecangotopicnictomorrowisstillaquestion 是否这个工作能被准时完成还是个疑问 whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful 在我们学校 有些学生老是迟到 这是无法接受的 thatinourschoolsomestudentsarealwayslateisunacceptable whowillgomakesnodifference whoeverbreakstheruleshouldbepunished whomyourdaughterlovesisclearenough whosewalletwasstolenmustbemadeclear whatthedoctorsaidisimportant whateverisaidatthemeetingmustbekeptsecret whichoftheteamwillwinthegameishardtosay whenyourunclewillarrivewasnotmentionedinhisletter wherethepainterisfromisunknowntous howwe llsolvetheproblemshouldbediscussedagain whyyouwerelatemustbeexplainedtous 主语从句为了避免 头重脚轻 可以转化为it做形式主语的从句 除连接代词 notes it做形式主语的句子类型 it be adj that 从句 necessary likely unlikely right wrong important certain clear obvious strange 等 e g itiscertainthatmostofstudentswanttogohome itislikelythatitwillbearainydaytomorrow attention it snecessary important strange natural that的从句结构中 常用should 动词原形结构 e g it snecessaryandimportantthatoneshouldmastertheskillsofoperatingcomputers itisbelievedthat 人们相信 itisknowntoallthat 众所周知 ithasbeendecidedthat 已决定 itissaidthat 据说 itisthoughtthat 有人认为 itisreported 据报道 itissuggested 有人建议 it be ed分词 that 从句 itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 itisafactthat 事实是 itisawonderthat 是个奇迹itisapitythat 很遗憾 itisashamethat it be n that 从句 itappearsthat 似乎 ithappensthat 碰巧 itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 itseems tome that 看起来 it vi that 分句 1 teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern a whichb thatc ifd how2 leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights a anyoneb thepersonc whoeverd who3 youcomeornotisuptoyou a whatb ifc whyd whether 4 thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow smeeting a ifb wherec thatd what5 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather a ifb whetherc thatd where6 theboydidn ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry a thatb whatc howd which 7 it bobdrivesbadly a thinksthatb isthoughtwhatc thoughtthatd isthoughtthat8 wegoswimmingeveryday usalotofgood a if dob that doc if doesd that does9 itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggrey a whileb thatc ifd for 10 whenandwhyhecamehere yet a isnotknownb arenotknownc hasnotbeenknownd havenotknown11 wecan tgetseemsbetterthan wehave a what whatb what thatc that thatd that what 12 tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom a that thatyouhadexpectedb what thatyouhadexpectedc that whatyouhadexpectedd what whatyouhadexpected 同位语从句 appositiveclause 同位语 thisismr lin theheadmasterofourschool westudentsshouldstudyhard thefuturebelongstoyouyoungpeople ayearisdividedintofourseasons spring summer autumnandwinter theyeachhaveadictionary isthereanyroomforusthree 同位语从句 1 概念 在复合句中作名词的同位语从句 2 功能 对名词进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 3 常用抽象名词 fact idea news truth worddoubt order hope belief 4 连接词 that whether who which whatw