浅谈福特福克斯发动机难以启动的故障分析与检修(陈小明).doc

temporary construction organization design requires the implementation of the overall layout. 2 site near the high voltage line protection near power lines to have a reliable protective measures protective closely, to meet safety requirements. 3 branch set up distribution box into outlet sleeve and a cross arm to be used; Access to wires neatly, reasonable matching; Prohibited the use of insulation is poor, aging skin, broken wires, to prevent leakage; Should be fixed by insulators, and overhead laying; Line the hallway to have a reliable protection; Direct buried lines, laying depth of not less than 0.6m, leads to the ground from the 2m height to the ground at 0.2m, you must set up protective casing. 4 spot lights hand-held lamp 36V safe voltage should be used; 36V safety at hazardous voltages, particularly in hazardous areas using 12V; Lighting wires should be fixed on the insulators; Insulated rubber sheathed cable for field lights, lighting the use of sheathed wires; Lighting circuits and lighting from the ground not less than the prescribed distance, prohibited the use of electric arc furnace; To prevent the wire insulation is poor, aged, broken skin and leakage, with tungsten heating is strictly prohibited. 5 to set up low-voltage lines are not allowed to use bamboo poles, pole cross arm should be established and insulators; Fine wires can not be mounted on scaffolding or tree branch; Overhead lines required high enough off the ground. 6 electric . Project name: 5-5-2 sequential order of the subsidence observation observation point number support (supporting) and diagrams year month day year month day year month Day, the distance (m) deformation (mm) the relative distance (m) deformation (mm) the relative distance (m) deformation (mm) today this this this this cumulation Engineering formwork supporting system self-test State observer records form template project name: construction site: construction: support materials: Ann 5-6 serial number check project check requirements behave records results 1 construction programme programme full, support system design calculation, and approval procedures complete, job Qian should for security low-down, low-down material full 2 support material support column material: wood Rod application pine or FIR, shall not used easy deformation, and decay, and split crack, and dry section of wood; as used pipe, pipe od shall not is less than 48x3.5 of pipe, no serious rust, and crack, and deformation 3 column stable column bottom of pad material, Shall conform to the construction design requirement, do not use bricks blocked up by construction organization design requirements, support height () when m, between columns of the level of support set () road horizontal support, vertical scissors spacing (), m, spacing for horizontal scissors () m. Column spacing in accordance with design requirements, portrait () mm, transverse () mm pole joints should be staggered, long barstavebn tm vdce mst een. een by mlo zahrnovat analzu rizik, monost nehod charakteristik a nouzovch postup, nouzov zpracovn a obsah opaten. 4, integrovan pohotovostn plny, speciln havarijn plny a mst een by mly bt mezi sebou a s ostatnmi jednotky zapojeny v nouzi, kter jsou vzjemn propojeny. 5, havarijn pln by ml zahrnovat havarijn personl a organizace kontakt, nouzov rezervn seznam a dal informace. Informace by mly bt pravideln aktualizovny a zajist, e informace jsou pesn a platn. tyi, havarijn pln revize 1, Recenze pohotovostn plny pezkoumn formul a prvky pezkumu a opaten pijatch dvma zpsoby. Kdy host slou pedevm pro havarijn plny pro zznam v podob Recenze, prvek hodnocen pro nouzov hodnocen. . Kd pro porn ochranu konstrukce budov a nsk republice ny exploze nebezpen oblasti elektrick bezpenostnch pedpis a pedpis o porn ochranu design rafinaci ropy a chemickch podnik, napklad poadavky na pedpisech a nazench. 2. pi provdn instalace me zpsobit por, exploze, kter sti by mly bt pln nastaven peht, petlaku, micch pstroj, alarm (zvuk a svtla). 3. kde je holav plyn (pra) me unikat , holav plyn koncentrac detekce, alarm by mla bt nastavena. 4. vechny komunikoval s holav, vbun zazen s inertnm plynem, plynov penosov potrub, by mla bt nastavena zabrnit holavch a vbunch ltek do zazen, ale nemla bt samostatn zptn ventil. 5. holav plyn (pra) nastavit plamen svodi odvzduovac vvod, snadno pracovat, kde se zastavit ventily, aby pi vstupn vtrac potrub je v plamenech, peruil por plynu odvzduovac potrub ml bt nainstalovn v nejni hasicho zazen. 6. kdy dopravu holavch materil by mla odpovdat prmru potrub a stedn mrn odpor, sprvn zen prtoku, co nejvce se vyhnout statick elektiny. Antistatick opaten, jako jsou zazen, potrub, by mlo bt v souladu s technickmi pedpisy pro uzemnn design pro chemick podniky pslunch ustanoven. 7. nhl vbun petlaku nebo rychlho rozkladu vrobnch zazen nebo skladovacch zazen by mly bt vybaveny vbuchu (nevbun membrna), vvoz nonel trubice smrem k bezpenosti a aby prevence sekundrnch exploz, protiporn opaten. 8. vrobnthe principle of simplified EIA of construction projects in the region. In terms of land, linked to the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease, replacement indicators for priority areas project. Charges, into the projects of water, electricity, administrative charges and preferential policies. In the area of taxation, and settled in areas of industry and its production company, within 5 years after the completion of fiscal incentives to enterprises. In terms of financing, integration of land, tax, financial and other resources, and construct Government credit + business credit credit system, establishment of marketization, commercialization and modernization of the investment and financing platform; effective Bank-enterprise docking, encourages private capital into the Park, to raise industry development fund. 5, optimize the environment and service industries. To create policy lowlands, Highlands, integrity of service land, development land as the goal, to optimize the area under development environment. All administrative law enforcement departments to appoint a full-time personnel stationed in areas dedicated to coordinating and solving problems associated with businesses in this sector. When there are substantial issues, sector leaders arranged to personally intervene, in-person, in-person push tangible area building a green light, easy line. To further reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval items, simplify examination and approval links, improve efficiency; according to the .Since the educational practice of the mass line of the party, himself seriously in the education, practical control central eight rules and opposing the four winds and practicing three Suns, and check the spirit of Jiao Yulu, ideology, solicit opinions based on outstanding problems checked swing, careful analysis and reflection. Will now check report is as follows: first, adherence to the partys political discipline, eight in the central provision, change the style of the basic situation of 1, in compliance with the partys political disciplines. Conscientiously abide by the partys political discipline, abide by the Constitution and the rules and regulations of the party, in the political, ideological and maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee on the action, there is no violation of the partys political discipline problems. 2, in the implementation of the central authorities of the eight provisions. Improving research, improving research methods, but there are less grass-roots units, primary first-hand an inadequate grasp of the problem, which is to be strengthened in the future. Second, construction, strictly in accordance with the provisions to streamline and improve the quality of meetings of the Conference. Third, streamlining file briefs, culture involves all aspects of propaganda and ideology, sometimes due to the practical needs of invention notifications, this area needs further广东省技师（高级技师）资格申请评审论文论文题目:浅谈福特福克斯发动机难以启动的故障分析与检修姓 名： 陈 小 明 技术工种名称： 汽 车 修 理 工 拟申报职业资格： 技 师 申 报 时 间： 2014 年 11 月 单 位（全称）： 从化市职业技术学校 广东省轻工业高级技工学校广 东 省 劳 动 和 社 会 保 障 厅目 录1、摘 要-32、关键词-33、前 言-34、正 文-4一、故障现象- 4二、故障原因分析- 5三、故障诊断分析- 5四、故障再分析-7五、故障排除-115、结束语-126、致 谢-137、参考文献-14浅谈福特福克斯发动机难以启动的故障分析与检修从化市职业技术学校：陈小明摘要：本文扼要阐述搭载CAF483Q0发动机的福特福克斯轿车由于电控点火系统故障引起发动机起动困难的故障现象、故障诊断及故障的排除的一般工作流程。重点介绍了发动机起动困难的诊断过程与排除的方法，通过分析故障现象，分解故障排除步骤并结合诊断仪器操作的基本要领，阐明排除电控发动机点火系统故障的方法。关键词：电控点火系统；启动困难；故障现象；故障诊断排除前言：发动机电子控制系统是指采用计算机等电子设备作为控制装置的自动控制系统，其主要组成都可分为传感器、电子控制单元（ECU）和执行器三部分。汽车发动机的运行工况是多变的，只有电子控制的灵活性和电子控制单元强有力的综合处理功能，才能使发动机在各种运行工况下实现全面优化运行，从而提高发动机性能。电控系统对发动机各种运行工况的优化控制和电控系统的不断完善，使发动机的故障发生率大大降低。自我诊断与报警系统的应用，提高了故障诊断的速度和准确性，缩短了汽车因发动机故障而停驶的时间，具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。正文：一、故障现象一辆2008款福特福克斯CA7180A型轿车，行驶里程超20万km，发动机型号为CAF483Q0型，发动机排量1.8L，点火系统采用电控独立式点火线圈，多点顺序燃油喷射发动机，手自一体自动变速器。车辆在行驶中感觉加不上油，越踩加速踏板车速越慢、车辆不能加速行驶，后来发动机只能怠速运转，最后发动机熄火，再启动不着车了。二 、故障原因分析根据观察到的故障现象及从简到繁的检修原则，围绕发动机难以启动的问题，结合电控系统工作原理，将导致该车难以启动的原因逐一进行分析诊断。查找油、电、信号三大方面的可能故障点，参照故障排除的一般工作流程，逐步确定故障原因，最终排除故障。故障诊断排除一般工作流程：1、确认故障。作为维修人员，首先向客户确认车的故障现象。通过交谈，获取车主使用车辆更多信息。2、启动车辆，连接检测仪，读取故障码。3、若有故障代码，参照故障码，进行故障排除。4、若无故障码，读取发动机数据流，冻结帧，对比故障前后数据流，查找故障原因，排除故障。5、故障排除后，消除故障码，再次起动车辆，读取故障码，无码，工作结束。三、故障诊断分析 1、故障诊断首先进行车辆相关检查：（1) 启动发动机，一打车就着车了，但路试时发现发动机加速不良，在怠速至3000r/min范围加不上速，超过3000r/min以上加速还可以。发动机故障报警灯未点亮。（2)连接故障诊断仪，读取故障码，无故障码。（3)读取发动机数据流，冻结帧，对故障时间点的数据流进行分析，数据流正常。到此，查找不出故障，但车辆明显加速不良，需重新查找。2、重新检查（1）检查油路：断开燃油导轨的供油管，运转发动机观察到燃油管有汽油喷出并且有压力，油路正常。（2）拆下氧传感器，让废气从氧传感器安装孔排出，来确认三元催化器是否堵塞。启动发动机，着车后还是加速不良。（3）检查点火系统：拔出点火线圈，检查点火线圈时，发现4个点火线圈护套上都有水珠。拆下4个火花塞检查，清除火花塞积炭，测量火花塞跳火间隙，火花塞间隙1.2mm,（电控发动机火花塞间隙1.0-1.2mm）正常。（4）故障判断：是点火线圈护套漏电。用压缩空气吹干点火线圈护套上水珠及潮气，运转发动机，试4个点火线圈都有高压火，安装好火花塞、点火线圈。（5）试车：启动发动机，路试，故障现象依旧，还是加速不良、车辆不能正常行驶。四、故障再分析因为4个点火线圈都有高压电，我认为问题还应出在油路。是不是喷油器堵了？于是先拆下燃油导轨，检查喷油器喷油情况。拆下4个喷油器，清洗喷油器，进行喷油量试验，喷油雾化良好，无滴油、堵塞现象。重新装好燃油导轨及喷油器，启动发动机，启动机运转正常，发动机不着车，长时间运转启动机发动机也不着车。做完喷油器试验之后，故障加深。1、故障再检查（1）再次检查4个汽缸的点火线圈，都有高压火。为了确认高压火的可靠性，把4个点火线圈同时插上火花塞并且把火花塞外壳搭铁，运转发动机试火，4个火花塞电极间隙处有火花跳过，无丢火、断火现象。（2）测量气缸压力。连接气缸压力表，测得4个气缸的压力，分别是：1缸860kPa, 2缸850kPa, 3缸870kPa, 4缸860kPa. 4个气缸压力都在正常范围内。（3）检查点火正时及配气正时，检测结果点火正时和配气正时都正确。（4）检查曲轴位置传感器、凸轮轴位置传感阻值。用万用表测量曲轴位置传感器阻值为487，测量凸轮轴位置传感器为499，传感器阻值在正常范围内。（5）分析故障原因车辆有油有电不着车，可能是发动机PCM控制模块内部程序错乱，使发动机不能准时的喷油和点火，但读取数据流又没发现异常。于是找到另一台相同型号的车辆，拆下发动机控制模块PCM，与故障车辆调换，启动发动机不着车。2、故障再诊断电控燃油喷射发动机有油有电不着车，一般是混合气过稀、过浓，点火时间过早、过迟，还有点火能量不足三个原因（1）首先，检查进气系统部件，确认混合气是否过稀，检查EGR阀、PCV阀关闭良好、曲轴箱通风管连接牢固无漏气现象，进气歧管与发动机汽缸盖连接良好、无漏气现象。拔下喷油器插头，拆下火花塞，运转发动机，使气缸内无残留的燃油，然后连接喷油器线束插头，启动发动机还是不着车，说明也不是混合气过浓引起的不着车。（2）连续启动运转发动机时，仍旧没有着车，但是却发现进气管歧管有回火声音，发动机回火说明发动机汽缸内有高压火产生，不着车是没有点燃可燃混合气。分析发动机不能点燃可燃混合气的原因是火花塞中央电极与旁电极之间没有产生强烈的火花，在气缸内高压火花没能穿透高压下的可燃混合气，来点燃汽缸内的可燃混合气，故障应为点火能量不足。3、故障确认此时，我重点检查点火线圈。（1）拔出点火线圈，把点火线圈高压帽用螺丝刀连接距离接地5mm时，运转发动机有高压火跳过，跳火距离超过6mm时无高压火花，距离再远就不跳火了，跳火距离过小就是点火能量小，说明故障在点火线圈。 （2）用万用表检测初级线圈和次级线圈的电阻，判断点火线圈是否有断路、短路故障。用欧姆挡测量4个点火线圈初级点火线圈阻值都在1.02左右（标准值0.41.15）；用20k挡测量4个点火线圈次级线圈的阻值都在5.36k 左右（标准值5.06.0k）。点火线圈测量结果与标准值比较，都在此范围内，不能证明点火线圈有故障。（3）拿一套新的点火线圈和火花塞，测量点火线圈，初级线圈阳值在1.00，次级线圈的阻值在5.35k 。测量结果是原车点火线圈与新点火线圈测量的阻值基本一致，点火线圈初级、次级线圈阻值都在正常范围内。（4）试验新点火线圈的跳火能量。将点火线圈高压帽，距离接地6mm时运转启动时有高压火跳过，跳火距离超过6mm时也有高压火花跳过，把搭铁点距离拉到20mm还能跳火，看到新点火线圈跳火能力极强。此时，可以确定是点火线圈的问题，导致点火能量不足。旧的点火线圈与火花塞配合时，点火能量不及新的点火线圈和火花塞配套的能量强。五、故障排除。更换新的点火线圈和火花塞，装配好，启动发动机，正常启动，正常怠速。使用故障诊断仪，读取故障代码，无码。在跳火试验中可以看出，原车点火线圈跳火能量不足，远远不如新点火线圈。问题就在这跳火距离上，福克斯CAF483Q发动机，火花塞是NGK ITR6F13型，火花塞标准间隙1.251.35mm，比普通车型的火花塞间隙要大，所以要求有较强点火能量。原车的4个点火线圈的跳火距离短、跳火能量不足，不能点燃高压下的可燃混合气，使发动机不能着车。车辆故障判断的难点是用诊断仪检测无故障码、检查高压电时有高压火，使我们在故障检查和判断时找不到故障所在。结束语：在维修车辆时，检查点火线圈，看到4个点火线圈都能跳火，还应该检查点火线圈跳火能量，不要看到有高压火，就认为高压火正常，还要看点火线圈与搭铁点之间的跳火距离有多远，跳火距离远点火能量就大，在气缸内压缩的气体中，没有较强的火花很难穿过1.25mm的火花塞间隙，不能点燃气缸内压缩的混合气。引起点火能量不足主要原因是次级线圈高压绝缘介电强度降低。而造成次级线圈高压绝缘介电强度降低的主要原因是次级线圈受潮、次级线圈过热和绝缘材料老化。造成次级线圈工作电压过高的主要原因是：发电机的电压过高、火花塞电极间隙过大或当高压线发生断路时，产生的高压电无路可通，增加点火线圈的负荷，从而造成次级高压线圈击穿。作为维修人员在最初诊断该车故障时，未能充分利用点火线圈跳火距离数据分析故障，使维修过程走了很多弯路，花了不少时间。因此注重标准化维修是提高维修效率和质量的保证，也是提高维修人员素质的真正有效途径。要注意抓住每个维修细节，才能准确发现故障点的关键所在，在判断故障中少走弯路。作为汽车维修专业教学人员，要在实际教学中不断学习、总结和探索，提高专业技术水平，把握专业技术的发展方向，学习更加先进的维修方法，并将所学技能传授给学生，培养维修行业技术能手。致谢：本人在撰写论文过程中，非常荣幸得到广东省轻工业高级技工学校的老师的精心指导，并对本文的修改提供了宝贵意见，谨此表示致谢。本人身为年轻教师，专业水平和经验有限，文中难免存在错漏及不足之处，恳请专家教授及同行批评指正，本人将虚心接受专家教授的指导，扎实学习，提高技能水平。【参考文献】1、凌永成著汽车空调技术，机械工业出版社2、郭宝焜著汽车空调技术，中国劳动社会保障出版社3、张蕾著汽车空调，机械工业出版社4、麻友良著汽车空调技术，北京大学出版社5、 张凤山著比亚迪轿车维修手册，中国电力出版社2014年12月5日temporary construction organization design requires the implementation of the overall layout. 2 site near the high voltage line protection near power lines to have a reliable protective measures protective closely, to meet safety requirements. 3 branch set up distribution box into outlet sleeve and a cross arm to be used; Access to wires neatly, reasonable matching; Prohibited the use of insulation is poor, aging skin, broken wires, to prevent leakage; Should be fixed by insulators, and overhead laying; Line the hallway to have a reliable protection; Direct buried lines, laying depth of not less than 0.6m, leads to the ground from the 2m height to the ground at 0.2m, you must set up protective casing. 4 spot lights hand-held lamp 36V safe voltage should be used; 36V safety at hazardous voltages, particularly in hazardous areas using 12V; Lighting wires should be fixed on the insulators; Insulated rubber sheathed cable for field lights, lighting the use of sheathed wires; Lighting circuits and lighting from the ground not less than the prescribed distance, prohibited the use of electric arc furnace; To prevent the wire insulation is poor, aged, broken skin and leakage, with tungsten heating is strictly prohibited. 5 to set up low-voltage lines are not allowed to use bamboo poles, pole cross arm should be established and insulators; 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