高二英语语法讲解定语从句课件人教版.ppt

定语从句 知识准备 什么是定语用来修饰名词或代词的词 短语 从句 thisisabigroom thewindowsoftheroomareopen thisisthebikethatiboughtyesterday 定语的位置thisisaflowerbasket thisisabasketfullofflowers thisisabasketthatiwanttoputflowersin 什么形式作定语adj n num pron ing ed todo 短语 名词所有格 定语从句mybrotherboughtmeabeautifuldress heworksveryhardathislessons webelongtothethirdworld doyouknowthemancomingtous wemustfindwaystoworkoutthisproblem heisaboyofseventeen themanwhoisspeakingtomyfatherisourheadteacher 为什么用定语从句 当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时 就用短语 如果短语还不能满足 就用从句 这是我的杯子thisismycup 这是装满水的杯子 thisisacupfullofwater 这是我喝茶用的杯子 thisisacupwhichidrinkteawith 我认识那个高个子的人 iknowthetallman 我认识那个戴眼镜的人 iknowthemanwithapairofglasses 我认识你正在找的那个人 iknowthemanwhomyouarelookingfor 定语从句相当于一个形容词 跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词 一 定语从句基本结构 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 二 定语从句的种类 限定性定语从句 和它的先行词所指的意义有着不可分割的关系 少了它作为先行词便不能明确表示所指对象 非限制性定语从句 和它的先行词之间是比较松散的关系 它不是先行词不可缺少的成分 而是仅仅对先行词做一些补充和说明 三 关系词在句中成分 指出关系代词 副词 在定语从句中的成份 1 themanwhocametoourschoolismr wang 2 thegirl whom imetislucy 3 achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledtom 4 ilikethebook which youboughtyesterday 主语 宾语 定语 宾语 5 hisparentswouldn tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor 6 ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked 7 weshallneverforgetthedays that wespenttogether 定语 宾语 宾语 四 引导定语从句的关系词 指代人who whom that指代事物which that as所属关系whose ofwhich指地点where指时间when指原因why 我们本节课主要讲一下关系代词的用法 1 关系代词 限制性定语从句中 做宾语的关系代词可以省略非限制性定语从句中 所有的关系词都不可以省略 2 当先行词是物时 关系代词that和which都可以 但下列情况只用that不用which allthatcanbedonehasbeendone doyouhaveanythingthatyoudon tunderstand thereislittlethatcanbebelievedaboutit thebookdoesn tsaymuchthatamuseschildren a 先行词是all everything nothing anything something much little none等不定代词 i vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme nosamplethatwehavereceivedissatisfactory pleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthesubject b 先行词被any some no much few little every all very only last just修饰时 hamburgisthemostbeautifulcitythati veeverseen thisisthebesttvthatismadeinchina thefirstmuseumthathevisitedinchinawasthehistorymuseum c 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 thefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents avictimisaperson animalorthingthatsufferspain death harm etc d 先行词中既有人又有事物时 whothatyouhaveeverseencandoitbetter whothatyouaretalkingtoistheyoungfellow e who做先行词时 为避免重复 引导定语从句用that f 关系代词在从句中作表语时 itisnolongertheone that itusedtobe anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished thosewhobreakthelawarepunished hewhobreaksthelawispunished hewhohasnotbeentothegreatwallisnotatrueman 在anyone those he作先行词时 通常用 who 不用 that 3 不用that 而用which who whom的情况 hemadethesamemistakesagain madehisparentsveryangry yesterdayiboughtadictionary costmemorethan100yuan mrsmith gaveatalkseveralmonthsago willcomeagain myunclehascomebackfromabroad ihaven tmetforalongtime which which who whom a 在非限制性定语从句中 指事物用which 指人用who或whom 不论做宾语还是主语 都不可以省略 herbag in sheputallhermoney hasbeenstolen thisistheringon shespent1000dollars xiaowang with iwenttotheconcert enjoyitverymuch which which whom b 当介词提到关系代词前面时 指事物用which 指人用whom 4 whose引导的定语从句 表示所属关系 whose n ofwhich whom the n the n ofwhich whom theriver banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea whose thereareinthisclass20students aredifferent a whosebackgroundsb thebackgroundsofwhomc ofwhomthebackgroundsd thebackgroundsofwhose 5 非限制性定语从句中 要表示先行词的一部分时 可用 数词 代词 of 关系代词 的结构 如 e g thereare60studentsinourclass twothirdsofwhomhavebeentobeijing e g theyliveinahouse whosedoorfacessouth theyliveinahouse thedoorofwhichfacessouth theyliveinahouse ofwhichthedoorfacessouth thecommitteeconsistsof20members 5of arewomen thebookcontains50poems mostof waswrittenin1930s therearetwoleft oneof isalmostfinished andtheotherof isnotquite ihaveasentence themeaningof idon tunderstand whom which which which which 名词 代词 数词 of which whom 6 介词提到关系代词前时 介词的选用 1 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 请体会 e g isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 如 e g canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichi msure 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 请体会 e g 1949wastheyearinwhichthep r c wasfounded 但有少数的几个固定结构中的介词不可提前 如 lookafter 7 引导非限制性定语从句时 as which可以代替上文提到的一句话 which只可以放在后半句的开头 as既可以放句首 也可以放后半句开始 which翻译成 这 as翻译成 正如 shesaidthatsheplayedthemostimportantpartintheplay whichmadealltheothersunpleasant aswasoftenthecase hewaslateagain hewaslateagain aswasoftenthecase itrainedalotthissummer asweexpected asweexpected itrainedalotthissummer 在限制性定语从句中 有一些固定的句子结构 如thesame such as asmany much as 中 常常用as e g suchbooksasyouboughtareuseless 区别下列几组句子 在定语从句中最重要的就是要看定语从句中缺少什么成分 1isthisfactory youvisitedyesterday isthisthefactory youvisitedyesterday isthisthefactory youworkedtenyearsago awhich thatbtheonecwhere2isthisthereason hetoldyou isthisthereason hetoldyouthetruth athatbwhy3istillremembertheday hestayedwithme istillremembertheday hespentwithme awhich thatbwhen b a c a b b a 4heisoneoftheboyswho well heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho well astudiesbstudy5thereare60students ofwhomisaforeigner thereare60students ofwhomareboys thereare60students ofwhomismarried thereare60students ofwhomhavegoneabroad ahalf somebnonecfew manydone b a b d a c b d a c correctthesentences 1 i musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin 3 themanwhomispokeisfromcanada 4 july1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget correctthesentences 5 istillremembertheholidaysistayedwiththem 6 i mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme 7 thosethathaven tbeentothewestlakewillgatherattheschoolgate 8 idon tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend correctthesentences 9 soontheycametoafarmhouse andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy 10 weheardthenewswhichourteamwo