托福口语TPO1解析.doc

.托福真题第一套Q1: Talk about a book you have read that was important to you for some reason. Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.解题思路一：重要性来自于书的内容l TS: General Introduction of the book (Name, author, time you read the book)l Give a simple account of the book.l Key Word: Important- Interesting: draws you in. - knowledge you have learnt- enlightenment you have gainedl Conclusion: emphasize the IMPORTANCEl Sample Response: 3 months ago, I read a book called The Five People You Meet in Heaven written by Mitch Albom. It recounts the life and death of a simple yet dignified old man, Eddie. After dying in a accident trying to save a little girl in an amusement park, Eddie finds himself in heaven where he encounters five people who have significantly affected his life. The 5 lessons Eddie learnt about brotherhood, sacrifice, forgiveness, love and purpose of life have also enlightened me. That book changed my attitude towards life and death. It taught me to cherish life more than ever. 解题思路二：重要性来自于书的意义l TS: General Introduction of the book (Name of the book, how/where did you get the book)l Give a simple account of the process of getting the book.l Key Word: Important- It was a souvenir given by an important person - It was very difficult to get the book (e.g. Limited edition)- You got the book from a special event as a reward.l Conclusion: emphasize the IMPORTANCEl Sample ResponseOn my book shelf, there is a hard-covered book-Hamlet-that I have been treasured for years. It was given to me as a reward for my progress in Language Arts course by my high school English teacher Mr Cave. In my 10th grade, I developed a special interest in classical literature. I was crazy about Shakespeares play despite my weak English foundation/the lack of English proficiency. Over the 2 years, I have studied hard and improved my Language Arts grade from a C to an A. Therefore, my Mr Cave gave me this book in my graduation day and told me to keep my interest in classical literature. This book is very significant to me because it has become the motivation for my pursuit in English Literature in University.Q2. Some people believe that TV has had a positive influence on society. Others believe it has had a negative influence on the society. Which do you agree with and why. Use details and examples to explain your opinion.解题思路一: Positive Influencel TS: State your standl R1:Positive influence: focus on the main function of TV: - dissemination of information and knowledge- entertainmentl R2:Negative influence (just mention)l Conclusionl Sample Response: This is indeed a controversial issue. Form my point of view; TV has far more pros than cons. Firstly, television has long been regarded as a tool to disseminate in formation and knowledge. People watch news on TV to know about whats happening in the country and the world. Children watch Animal World or National Geography to gain more knowledge. At the same time, TV is also the most prevalent and effective device to entertain the masses. Although theres no denying that TV sometimes delivers negative information to people, the public or government censorship can ensure the quality of our TV programs today. Therefore, generally speaking, TV has had a positive influence on society.解题思路二: Negative Influencel TS: State your standl R1:Positive influence (just mention)l R2:Negative influence - Lack of censorshipbad TV programinfluence social ideology - Make people lazy/unhealthyl Conclusionl Sample Response: In my opinion, unfortunately, television has had much more negative influence on society than positive ones. Despite the fact that TV has kept us entertained, there are many negative elements that have infiltrated into our daily life via TV. For example, the modern Cinderella stories have created many money-worshiping young ladies who dream to marry rich guys and enjoy all the luxuries in the world. Uncensored TV programme with violent and sexual content can misguide teenagers who are very susceptible to those detrimental influences. Besides, long time watching TV will negatively affect our eyesight and health. It has become the contributing factor for many illnesses like obesity, especially in the more developed countries. Q3 Intro: Centerville College is planning to purchase a sculpture for its campus. A student wrote a letter to the school newspaper to oppose the plan. The instruction before you read the passage is important since it gives you an overview of what the passage is about. The passageLetter in the Centerville College NewsThe administration has announced plans to acquire a new sculpture for campus. We should all oppose this plan. The universitys poor financial condition led it to increase the price for campus housing and tuition by 15% this year. Surely then it is in no financial position to purchase such an expensive sculpture. Moreover, just look at the sculpture: several 60-foot long steel plates, jutting out of the earth at odd angels! Its so large. Itll take up all the green space in front of the campus center! This is public space that should be reserved for student to use.The conversation:M: Did you see Pauls letter in the paper about the new sculpture?W: Yeah, but it was totally unconvincing. His reasons for opposing the plan are just totally off. Im glad we will finally have some nice art on campus. Id like to shake the donors hand and say thank you!M: What do you mean the donor?W: You didnt know? An anonymous donor is paying the bill for most of the sculpture.M: Not the university?W: No. His assumptions about whos paying for, they are all wrong. M: Still, I wonder if he has a point about the space itll take up.W: Well, you know why Paul is upset. He and his friends are always there on the lawn right where the sculpture will be, kicking around a soccer ball. Theyll just have to use another part of the campus to play.M: Oh, so he just doesnt want to have to move.W: Yeah. For him, its sculpture verses convenience.Explain why the woman disagrees with the reasons expressed in the letter.Preparation Steps: 4:6Step 1: Read the letter and take note of the main ideas. Omit redundant details such as numbers and peoples name. (Those may be important in Listening section). Try to form pictures in your mind to help you memorize the content of the letter. (e.g. The 2nd reason: imagine一群本来在草地上踢球的学生很无奈的看着一个从天而降的巨大雕塑把他们的草坪占据了)Step 2: Identify how many reasons and disagreements there are in the letter and conversation.Pay special attention to signaling words/sentences because they give you an idea about how many points you must include. (e.g. Moreover in the letter.)Step 3: Take notes on paper while listening to the conversation. Fast and clear. Dont expect to fully spell out all the words youve heard. Just use your own spelling so that you can pronounce the word. If you didnt manage to take down some words that you think are important, dont try to recall, move on and listen to the rest of the conversation. 千万不要为了捡芝麻而丢了西瓜！Step 4: Organize your thoughts in the 30 seconds to make a mental outline of how to answer the question. Try to rephrase the words or sentences in the letter and the conversation.Answering the question:l Reason1 in the letter.l Disagreement 1 in the conversationl Signal words/sentence for transactionl Reason2 in the letter.l Disagreement 2 in the conversationl ConclusionSample Response:The first reason given by Paul (if you cant remember the name, you can just omit this) in the letter against the purchasing of the new sculpture is that he assumes the financial difficulties faced by the university makes the sculpture too costly to buy. However, the woman disagrees because most of the price of the sculpture is paid by a donor. Hence the university will only bear a small sum of money. Besides, Paul also suggests that the huge sculpture will occupy the space in the campus which is supposed to be reserved for students activities. The woman dismissed this point because she knows that Paul is just reluctant to find another place to play soccer with his friends if the lawn they used to play on is occupied by the sculpture. Further more, the woman thinks that the sculpture is a nice art that can actually make the campus prettier. Q4: PassageGroup thinkOne process by which groups may make bad or irrational decisions is know as group think. Individual members of a group attempt to conform their opinions to what they believe to be the group consensus even though the result may be negative. There are many reasons why groupthink happens. These include the desire to be liked, fear of losing a job, or even not wanting to be the one employee delaying a decision that seems inevitable. These kinds of implicit pressures to conform lead group members to ultimately make decision that each, by himself or herself, might normally not make. LectureSo, let me tell you about my own experience with this when I was working for a computer company a couple of years ago. One day a coworker and I suggested that we should give our computer a design make-over, make them look more up-to-date. Market research was showing that new customers said they would be more interested in buying our computers if they looked cooler. Our technology was advance, but the outside design looked really old-fashioned. At first, more than half of the group supported us. There were a few senior mangers they are though who didnt support the design change. One of the senior manager said, Our focus has always been on technology. Changing the look is unnecessary cost. Almost immediately, some of our supporters changed their minds. Even my coworker changed his mind. When I asked him why after the meeting, he told me he didnt want to make a bad impression on the senior managers. He thought that disagreeing with them might jeopardize his chances of getting a promotion, by not looking like a team player. What about me? EhmI hate to admit it but after a few hours of discussion I started wondering if it worth everybodys time to argue about this. As more people sided with senior management I started to feel that I was the only one holding-up the vote. Everyone else seems to think change was unnecessary so I voted against my own idea in the end. So we unanimously decided to stay with the current old-looking design, but this decision ended up costing us a lot of money. That same year, our competitor came out with a new design that attracted some of our customers and prevented us from profiting on potential new customers. Explain group think and its effects using the example of the computer company.PreparationStep 1: Read the passage and take note of the main ideas. Omit elaborations on details such as examples. Step 2: Pay special attention to technical terms and explanations. If cant quite understand, try to guess first and wait for more illustration in the lecture later on.Step 3: Picture a short skit in your mind when you listen to the lecture/story told by the professor. Step 4: Listen to similarities between the lecture and the passage youve read just now, especially the examples given to prove a point. (e.g. the answers given by the professors coworker when the professor asked him for the reasons for his changing of mind)Step 5: Take notes. Make sure that if you know the professor is going to recount a story, you should have the story recorded in chronological order. Outline of the story must be clear. Pay attention to signaling words.Step 6: Organize your thought in the 30 seconds to make a mental outline of how to answer the question. Try to rephrase the words or sentences in the letter and the conversation.Answering the question:l Definition of group thinkl Example of the computer companyl Link the example to the effect about group thinkSample Response: Group think means that the individuals in a group all agree about something which may not be correct. They are under pressure to conform and make irrational decisions that they seldom make alone. The professor gives an example of him working in a computer company years ago. At first, his coworker and he suggested a proposal to up-grade the outlook of their product. The supporters changed their minds as soon as they realize that the senior managers did not like the plan. His partner also gave up the original thought because he was afraid that if he insisted, he will leave bad impression on others. Despite the consensus we had reached about the proposal, our ultimate product was a failure. Therefore group think sometimes will results in negative results. Q5. Conversation between 2 studentsM: Hey Marry! Hows your volunteer work going? You still involved in the after school programme with the elementary school kids?W: Yeah, but Ive got a problem. I am supposed to be driving a bunch of them to the zoo tomorrow, and I am supposed to rent a van for the trip, but I waited too long to call the rental agency to reserve one and now it turns out they dont have any van available for tomorrow. I dont know what to do. These kids will be really disappointed if their trip gets canceled.M: Hmmwell doesnt one of your friends on campus have a car? I mean couldnt you borrow it for the day?W: Yeah, probably, but I need to borrow 2 cars or there wouldnt be enough space for all the kids. Thats why I was going to rent the van and then I need to find somebody else to drive too. I cant drive 2 cars by myself.M: Yeah, thats true. Well, Im sure you can probably find a volunteer or if you want to save of the trouble of hunting down the second driver, what about public transportation? Check the bus schedule. I guess theres a bus lane that goes right pass the zoo.W: Yeah, thats possibility, but I dont know. It might be a real challenge supervising the kids on the bus. Sometimes they are handful when they get excited. Its an option though.The speaker discussed 2 possible solutions to the womans problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.PreparationProblemSolution1Solution 2The woman is supposed to drive a group of primary school kids to the zoo tomorrow but she has called too late to rent a van. She does not want to disappoint the kids by canceling the trip.Borrow cars from friend and find volunteer to drive.Take public transportProblem of solutionShe needs two 2 cars for all the kids and she has to find another driver.It is hard to supervise kids in public transportations. l This question involves a difficult choice to make. Most of the times, both solutions seem feasible. You can choose either one you are more comfortable with elaborating on. l Base on the potential problems related to the 2 solutions to think about more pros and cons of each solution.Answering the question:l Talk about the problem.l Introduce all solutions.l Choose one solutionl R1 for supporting the solutionl R2 for not supporting the other solutionl ConclusionSample Response:The woman is supposed to drive a group of primary school kids to the zoo tomorrow, but she has called the rental agency too late to rent a van. She does not want to disappoint the kids by canceling the trip. Hence, her friend has given her two possible solutions: borrowing a car or taking a bus. I prefer the first solution because it shouldnt be very difficult to find someone who has cars available and can drive for the kids as a volunteer for a one day trip only. Besides, primary school kids are really hard to supervise in public transports, especially when they get excited. Nevertheless, she should still consider taking bus as the last resort lest she fails to find cars and drivers in such a short period of time.Q6. Now listen to a part of a lecture in a psychology class. The professor is discussing the mathematical capabilities of babies.Scientists have learnt some interesting things about the intellectual abilities of babies. They say that there is evidence that babies as young as 5 months old can do basic arithmetic - that they can add! Scientists think that babies know that one plus one equals two and not one. The evidence is indirect because obviously you cant ask a 5-month-old baby to add up some numbers for you. So they devised an experiment. In this experiment, a baby is shown a doll on a table. Okay, so the baby looks at the doll then the researcher lowers a screen in front of the doll, so now the doll hidden behind the screen. But the baby has already seen the doll so known its there. Then the researcher takes a second doll