高考英语动词分类复习课件.ppt

高三英语动词归类复习 动词 是表示动作或状态的词 二 动词的分类动词分为五种 及物动词 不及物动词 连系动词 助动词和情态动词 及物动词 是指后面需要使用宾语使其意义完整的动词 如 那条狗使这个孩子高兴起来 thatdogmakestheboyhappy 2 不及物动词 是指后面不需要宾语而意义完整的动词 如 我住在北京 iliveinbeijing 主要常用不及物的动词 主 谓 结构 agreedisagreequarrelshoutcrylaughobjectsightalkbargainmatterworkstrugglefightgraduatesucceeddielistenlookstareglancehurryachefevercoughappearbelongcaredependlonghappenoccurexplodepauseresultsnowraingocomefallarrivesaildiveflowswimtravelwalkskatejumprisesitstaystepwaitremainsleeprestheadexistlivedance 及物动词后面必须跟宾语 可以用于 主 谓 宾 主 谓 双宾 主 谓 宾 宾补 结构 acceptreceiveearngainlosemisspackfoldloadachieveadmitafforddeclareannouncereviewbroadcastdescribediscussdoubtsupposecorrectmastermentioninferrepeatspellpractiseremindattemptattractinvitebookbitebakefrymilkwaterpourfilllockfastenbrushcombtidymineburydigremoveploughplantgrowcovercutcelebrateliberatebasechangebuildpumpdustcleansweepclosetearcompletefinishcontainincludedamagedestroyruinwiperepairmendfixdelivercarryshipcrossblocktieparkpulllinelistfightstruggledefeatdefendprotecteducatetraintestdecideplandesigninventexaminetestexperiencetrainintroducefollowformperformfoundhitholdincreasereducediscoverstealattackwoundkillmurderstarvekisstreatcuredesertthrowkickdevotetrustloveadmirehonourrespectvaluedesireenjoycomfortcalmpitytrustsupporthatedislikegreetwelcomethankdisturbfoolservesentencepunishmonitorownplatepricepublishprinttypeprepareputplacelayraiseliftreachheatwarmruleobeypraisescoldblamesavewastescoremarksortstorespenduniteconnectlimitwatchtouchpressvisitwaveweartimeusetotal answerborrowbringbuychargecosthandenvyfetchnamepresentpostofferowequestionshowsupplyprovideastonishdisappointfrighteninterestsatisfyseatshocksurprisetirebearcatchhavekeepmakemeangivepicktakesendconsiderknowhopeimaginefindproverealizerecognizerequestrequiresaytellsensesuggestunderstandwarnstatethinkadviceallowaskcheckdirectemployexpectforbidforceforgiveguidehireexcuseneednoticeletlikepersuadepermitpromisewantwish 3 连系动词 是一个表示谓语关系的动词 后面必须接表语 通常为名词或形容词 一起使用 最主要的连系动词是 be amisare 其他常用的连系动词还有 seem似乎look看起来appear好象become变成keep保持get 成为 如 他是一位好教师 heisagoodteacher 这花很好闻 theflowersmellsgood 助动词 是指用来帮助主要动词完成语法功能的动词 这类动词本身没有意义 不能单独作谓语 他们可以在句中与实义动词一起帮助构成疑问句 否定句 进行时态 完成时态和将来时态 助动词有 be 构成进行时 如 我正在读书 iamreadingabook do构成疑问句 否定句 如 你喜欢苹果吗 不 我不喜欢 doyoulikeapple no idon t have 构成完成时态 如 我已经寄信了 ihavepostedtheletter shall will 构成将来时态 如 我明天来看你 iwillcometoseeyoutomorro 半助动词 beaboutto besuretodo bedueto 是指按照计划预定做某事 begoingto belikelyto bemeantto 应该是 希望是 beobligedto 被迫做某事 besupposedto 被要求做被期待做 bewillingto haveto seemto appeartodo beunableto beunwillingto usedtodo等 它们可与主动词搭配构成复杂动词词组并表示情态意义 有时也可与助动词搭配 theboyhastomakealivingbybegging 男孩不得不通过乞讨维持生计 heisunwillingtohelpmewithmyenglish 他不愿帮我学习英语 everyclauseisobligedtoobtainafiniteverb 每个句子必须包括一个限定动词 wewereabouttostartwhenitrained 下雨时 我们即将出发 heseemstobeverydisappointed 他好像非常失望 idon thavetobuyanewhouse 我不必买新房子 hedidn tseemtofeelinlovewithher 他好像没有爱上她 it that 分句 结构 而有的却不可以 从这个角度看 半助动词可分为两类 一类是可以作上述转换的 其中包括becer tainto be un likelyto appearto happento seemto等 例如 theyarecertaintowinthegame 他们肯定会在比赛中获胜 itiscertainthattheywillwinthegame heislikelytoletyoudown 他可能使你失望 itislikelythathewillletyoudown heappearstohavemanyfriends 看来他有许多朋友 itappearsthathehasmanyfriends heseemstobeenjoyinghimself 看来他玩得很快活 itseemsthatheisenjoyinghimself ihappentohavehadsomenastyexperiencesindealingwithhim 我恰巧有过一些和他打交道的不愉快的经历 ithappensthatihavehadsomenastyexperiencesindealingwithhim somemembersofthecommitteeseemtohavebeenbribed 委员会的一些成员看来是受了贿赂 itseemsthatsomemembersofthecommitteehavebeenbribed 半助动词也可用于there 存在句therehastobeamistake 一定有错 there ssuretobesomeraintonight 今晚一定有雨 there slikelytobealargeaudience 观众人数可能很多 there scertaintobetroubleatthefactory 厂里一定有麻烦 thereseemstobeawidespreadchangeofattitude 情态动词 5 情态动词 是指表示说话人的语气或者情态的动词 情态动词没有人称和数的变化 词义不完全 在句中不能单独作谓语 必须与后面的动词原形合用 我们常用的情态动词有 can 能 会 如 icanswim 我会游泳 may 可以 如 youmaygonow 你现在可以走了 must 必须 如 youmustdoyourhomework 你必须写作业 need 需要 如 heneedsourhelp 他需要我们的帮助 一 连系动词二 使役 感官动词三 主动表被动四 只接动名词做宾语的词 词组五 只接不定式作宾语的词 词组六 接动名词 不定式意义不同七 不带不定式作复合宾语八 宾语不同 语态不同 但意义相同九 接宾语和宾补 形式不同十 接虚拟语气的词十一 表计划 愿望未能实现的动词十二 瞬间非延续性动词十三 情感动词类十四 否定前移类十五 省略替代类 一 连系动词类 变化类 典例 gofall1 oneofhischildren 病了 2 he 睡着了 whilestudyinghisgrammarbook become get turn grow make come go fall bad hungry mad wrong fell fallen fellill fellasleep 感官类 1 dellastoodthere looking sad sadly atherselfinthemirror 2 dellalookedvery forherpetdogdiedlastnight 3 theflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature a tosmellb smellingc smeltd tobesmelt4 taste sodelicious thefoodinthismarketwassoldoutsoon sadly sad look sound feel taste smell tasting conclusion 1 连系动词后面跟形容词作表语 2 连系动词无被动语态 显得 类 状态类 1 theweatherwill hotforanothertwoweeks a lastb remainc getd turn2 thehotweatherwill anothertwodays seem appear look keep stay remain lie sit stand itlooksasif itseemsasif that itappearsthat last prove turnout1 wehadthoughttheexaminationwouldbedifficult butit easy a turnedb camec appearedd proved2 theactresswhohadbeenthoughthighlyof tobe agreatdisappointment a turnedoutb seemedc lookedd became 注be become turn remain make可带名词heremainsateacher heisstillateacher 1 hebecame teacher a ab thec and 2 heturned teacher a ab thec and 3 ithinkjohnwill agoodmonitor soi dliketovoteforhim a turnb changec electd make 二 使役 感官动词类 see lookat watch notice observelet make have get hear listento feel1 thebossmadethem 12hoursaday a workb toworkc workedd working2 theyweremade 12hoursaday a workb toworkc workedd working 吾看三室两厅一感觉 这类动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语 但在被动语态中保留to get除外 mydaughteroftenmakesascheduletogetherself ofwhatsheistodointheday a remindb toremindc remindedd reminding2 ican tseemyoldgrandma aloneinthecountry soi llhaveher withmeinthecity a leave stayb left stayc leaving tostayd left tostay3 whenwesawthesun abovethesurfaceofthesea thestudentsletoutacryofjoy a toraiseb torisec raisingd rising see lookat watch notice observehave get hear listento feel 宾语 v ing v ed make不带v ing作宾语补足语 letsbdosth 此外 find leave keep 宾语 v ing v ed catch 宾语 v ing theboywascaught inanexaminationandhadtofacethemusica tocheatb cheatingc cheatd cheatedmrssmithfoundherhusband bylettersandpapersand veryworried a surrounded lookb surrounded lookingc surrounding lookingd surrounding look3 alltheteachersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee inthenextschoolyear a carryoutb carriedoutc tocarryoutd becarryingout 1 thecatistheonlyoneofherpetsshewillhave onherbed a itsleepb itsleepingc sleptd sleeping2 thetvsethe workswellnow a hasrepairingb havingrepairedc hasbeenrepairedd hashadrepaired3 whowouldyourather chargeofthisjob georgeorjack a havetotakeb tohavetakec havetaked havetaken conclusion 1 感官动词see lookat watch notice observe hear listento feel等 常考查 例如 seesb sthdoseesb sthdoingseesb sthdone beseentodo beseendoing beseendone 2 使役动词make let have get等常考查 makesb sthdosthmakeoneselfdoneletsbdosthhavesb sthdohavesb sthdoinghavesb sthdone3 绿色通道 这类动词经常在定语从句中设疑 bemadetodo bemadedone getsb sthtodo getsb sthdoing getsb sthdone 考查 三 主动表被动类 sell wash burn cook cut drive dress play last open write start run read act draw clean wear lock shut dry eat drink burn adv well poorly easily smoothly badly drywood 容易燃烧 thecloth 好洗 3 yourcomposition 读起来很好 exceptforafewspellingmistakes 主语的特点 性质 状态 burnseasily washeswell readswell 1 haveyougotaticketfortheconcert no thetickets wellandthey outlastweek a sell weresoldb sell soldc sell havebeensoldd aresell sold2 itissaidthatthepen soiboughtoneyesterday a writeswellb writesgoodc iswellwrittend isgoodwritten 四 只接动名词做宾语的词 词组 consider suggest advise lookforwardto excuse pardonadmit delay putoff postpone fancyavoid miss keep keepon practise practice deny finish enjoy appreciate forbid imagine risk can thelp mind allow permit escape 考虑建议盼原谅 承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练 否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险 不禁介意准逃亡 getdowntodevote toleadtobe get becomeusedtopayattentiontogobacktoobjectto to 用作介词 giveup dislike feellike insiston can tstand understandsucceedin spend wastetime in bebusy in haveagood hardtime in havedifficulty trouble in itisnouse good itisoflittleuse good itisuselessbeworth deserve beworthyofbeingdone beworthytobedone 1 shelookedforwardeveryspringto theflower linedgarden a visitb payingavisitc walkind walkingin2 iwouldappreciate backthisafternoon a youtocallb youcallc yourcallingd you recalling3 thedayhehaslookedforwardto atlast a comingb camec comed comes 五 只接不定式作宾语的词 词组 decide determine learn want expect hope wish refuse manage care pretend offer promise choose planagree ask beg helpseem attempt fail happen afford strivemakeupone smindto bedeterminedtowouldlike loveto shouldlike loveto 决心学会想希望 拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮 iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutihadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport a togob tohavegonec goingd havinggone2 shepretended mewhenipassedby a nottoseeb notseeingc tonotseed havingnotseen 六 接动名词 不定式意义不同 1 forgettodo forgetdoing2 regrettodo regretdoing3 remembertodo rememberdoing4 goontodo goondoing5 meantodo meandoing6 stoptodo stopdoing7 trytodo trydoing8 can thelp to do can thelpdoing can thelpbutdo can tbutdo can tchoosebutdo donothing havenothingtodobutdo havenochoicebuttodo havetodoican thelpbuttellhimthetruth 1 iusuallygotherebytrain whynot byboatforachange a totrygoingb tryingtogoc totryandgod trygoing2 thelightintheofficeisstillon oh iforgot a turningitoffb turnitoffc toturnitoffd havingturneditoff 3 hedidn tremember himbefore a havingmetb havemetc tomeetd tohavingmet4 goon theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone a todob doingc tobedoingd tobedone5 youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting well nowiregret that a todob tobedoingc tohavedoned havingdone 八 宾语不同 语态不同 但意义相同 need require wanttheroomrequires 打扫一下 theroomrequires 1 thissentenceneeds a animprovementb improvec improvingd improved2 thebabyneeds a lookedafterb lookingafterc lookafterd tolookafter tobecleaned cleaning 七 不带不定式作复合宾语 hope agree suggest demand imagine 1 i 希望 himtocome i 2 霍金教授建议我们搬迁到其它的星球上去 wish expect hopethathewillcome pro hawkingsuggestsus ourmovingtootherstars pro hawkingsuggestswe should movetootherstars pro hawkingadvisesustomovetootherstars pro hawkingsuggeststoustomove 九 接宾语和宾补 形式不同 allow permit forbid advise consider我们禁止在此吸烟 我们禁止任何人在此吸烟 weforbidsmokinghere weforbidanybodytosmokehere anybodyisforbiddentosmokehere 1 weareconsidering tothesouth a gob togoc goingd gone2 charlesbabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer a tohaveinventedb inventingc toinventd havinginvented 十 接虚拟语气的词 1 insist2 order command4 advise suggest propose recommend4 demand ask require request一坚持 二命令 四建议 四要求heorderedthatwe leave atonce hisorderthatwe atoncewasright theorderwasthatwe atonce thatwe atoncewashisorder should leave should leave should leave should leave 1 heinsistedthathisbrother there a gob wentc goingd togo2 heinsistedthathe nothingwrongand setfree a do beb haddone wasc haddone bed did was3 hisvoicesuggestedthathe angry a isb bec wasd were4 hesuggestedthattheboy tohospitalatonce a wassentb sendc sentd besent 十一 表计划 愿望未能实现的动词 intend mean hope plan expect think want suppose promisei 本希望 comehere butihadanunexpectedvisitor ihopedtohavecomehere would should love liketohavedone was weretohavedone wouldhavedone but was weregoingtodo hadhopedto hewantstomeetyouattheairport hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport buthedidn tgetthereintime 我本想把这份礼物给他的 ishould would like love togiveherthegift ishould would like love tohavegivenherthegift iwastohavegivenherthegift iwouldhavegivenherthegift iwasgoingtogiveherthegift ihadplannedtogiveherthegift ihadintendedtogiveherthegift ihadmeanttogiveherthegift 十二 瞬间非延续性动词 go come leave start return arrive stop finish borrow lend open close die become break join kill marry graduate buymarry bemarriedseat beseatedhide behiddenengage beengageddie bedeadbegin beonjoin beinborrow keepcome be stayleave beawaybuy have havegot 1 hedi