深教八年级下第3单元导学案.doc

5精华学校英语学科8B unit3 知识归纳与总结 （ 制作人; 祁晓玲 科组长审核：李玉娜）Unit 3 Traditional Skills- Reading 1 Fishing with birds Wang Damin is a fisherman. Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys working. Damin uses cormorants to catch fish. Cormorants are large black birds. They are good at catching fish because they can swim well. They can dive down and stay under the water for up to two minutes. Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work. First, he ties a piece of grass around their necks to stop them from eating big fish. Then when Damins boat reaches the right place in the river, he pushes them into the river. Damin uses several ways to attract fish. During the day, he jumps up and down on his boat. After dark, he hangs a light on a post at the front of the boat. The cormorants bring the fish back to the boat. The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin. No nets are required for this type of fishing Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China, and there were many fishermen in the area. But today, few young people are interested in it. In 50 years, perhaps there will be no more cormorant fishermen in the world.Reading 2(More practice) Shadow puppet playsEvery Saturday, Wang Weifang puts on a play with his friends in a small town near Xian. The audience can hear them, but they cannot see them. That is because they are putting on a shadow puppet play.Shadow puppets are made of hard leather. The leather is cut out in the shape of a person, an animal or an object. Each puppet is painted in bright colours and put on a stick. Some puppets have movable arms and legs.During a shadow puppet play, Wang stands behind a white screen with lights behind it. The audience sit in front of the screen. Wang and his friends hold the puppets very close to the screen so the audience can see the puppets shadows clearly. Then they move the puppets around and do the voices of the different characters. Shadow puppet plays are an ancient Chinese art. Now with TV and films, shadow puppet plays arenot as popular as before. Wang and his friends often work very hard for little money, but they do not mind. They want to keep this traditional art form alive. 8B unit3英语学案一：必备单词及短语:1.describe v. 描述；形容 description n.说明；形容 2. health n.健康 healthy (比较级healthier）adj. 健康的= fit adj. 健壮的；健康的 keep fit/healthy 保持健康 be in good (poor/bad) health 健康状况好（不好）3. attract v.吸引；使.喜爱 attraction n.吸引；魅力；引人注意的东西 attractive adj.有魅力的；引人注目的 attract ones attentin 吸引某人的注意 get ones attention得到某人的关注 4. ready adj.准备好的get/be ready for为.做好准备 be ready 准备好的 be ready to do sth, 准备做某事 5. luck n. 幸运 lucky adj.幸运的 unlucky adj.不幸的 luckily adj. 幸运地 unluckily adv.不幸地 6. fisherman n.网民 net n.网 although conj. 尽管cormorant n.鸬鹚 dive v.下潜 reach v.到达 hang（hung，hung）v.悬挂；吊 post n.柱；杆；桩 require v.需要；依靠 practice v.从事 tool n.工具 scissors【pl】 n. 剪刀 pattern n.图案 character n.文字；符号；人物；角色 wedding n. 婚礼；结婚庆典 dough n.生面团 rough adj.粗糙的 size n.大小 simple adj.简单的 lovely adj.有吸引力的；迷人的 attract v.吸引 attract ones attentin吸引某人的注意 get ones attention得到某人的关注1.paper cutting 剪纸 2. up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有 3. set off /out 出发 set out/off for出发去. 4. up and down起伏；上下波动 5. after dark 天黑后；黄昏后 6. no more 不再；再也不7 . all the time（在某段时间内）一直；始终8. a kind of 一种 9. tie.around 拴.在.周围 tie.to拴.在.上10. at the front of 在.前面 11. throw.in to把.扔进12. look up 抬头看13. bring up 抚养；养育14. turn.in to把.变成 15. put on 上演16. cut out 剪成17. in the shape of 以.的形18. get ones attention得到某人的关注19. put up 张贴；挂 20. cut out 切（剪、削）成; cut up 切碎; cut down 砍到; cut off 切掉，切断; cut in 插嘴 20. good luck 好运; bad luck 倒霉; be in luck 运气好; out of luck 运气不好; for luck 为了吉利，求福; try ones luck 碰运气 21.put on 上演；穿上；增加；发胖 put on weight 增重 22.be made of.由.制成/组成，看出原材料 be made from.由.制成，看不出原材料 be made into.被制成. Be made in.在地方制造 be made by.由（人）制造 be made up of.由.组/构成 23.o把.扔进throw away扔掉throw off匆匆脱掉（衣服）throw at向.扔去 24.up to now到现在为止=by now 25.tie.around 拴.在.周围 tie.to 拴.在.上tie up 系好，捆上 25.no more, 不再=not.any more.二：重点句子： 1. W used to use horses.Use to do 表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的时间状语连用。否定形式：usedntto 或didntuse to ,疑问句将used提前或Diduse to ?used to do sth.过去常常做某事He used to go to school by bike.be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于（某）事He is used to going to school by bike.be used to do sth.被用来做.The knife is used to cut things.use sth. to do sth.用.做.We use the knife to cut things.2. Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys working.(1) Although连词，虽然；尽管, 连词，与though同义，用来引导让步状语从句，不能和but同时出现，但可以用yet或still。Eg: Although he is poor, he is happy. /Although it rained, the boys still played outside./Although he is a beginner, (yet) he speaks English very well.(2)阻止.做某事&保护不受侵袭,挡住,防御stop.from doing sth.在主动句中from可以省略No one can stop the little girl from crying.prevent.from doing sth. The heavy rain prevented us from climbing the mountain.keep.from doing sth. from不可以省略The heavy rain kept us from climbing the mountain.shelter.from doing sth保护不受侵袭；防御；挡住The Kangaroo shelter its babies from being attacked by other tect.fromdoing sth保护不受侵袭You should protect the children from catching cold.3. No pets are required for this type of fishing. require v. 需要，依靠 Eg：The work requires more time and people.【辨析】require, needrequire及物动词实义动词需要，依靠require to be done=require doingrequire sb. to do sth.need及物动词需要need to be done=need doing情态动词需要need do sth.4. Keep the baby cormorant warm.keep sb./sth. + adj. 使.保持. keep +adj.保持某种状态 The shop keeps open twelve hours a day.Keep (sb) doing（使）某人不停地做某事 Dont keep talking三：语法-被动语态1、被动语态的构成 英语动词的被动语态由be动词+动词过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：The man was fooled by the two boys. 2、被动语态的用法（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如： Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term.（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. （3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。例如：The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语) The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.3、被动语态的时态一般现在时 构成：助动词be + 动词的过去分词 例如：This kind of car is made in shanghai. 一般过去时 构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词 例如：The bridge was built in 1992.现在进行时 构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词 例如：A new bridge is being built in my hometown.过去进行时 构成：was/were + being + 动词的过去分词 一般将来时 构成：will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词 例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow.过去将来时 构成：would/was(were )going to do + be + 动词的过去分词现在完成时 构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词 例如：Has his work been finished?过去完成时 构成：助动词had + been + 动词的过去分词带有情态动词的被动语态 构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词 例如:Can this walkman be repaired here?主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词（通常是介词for或to)。在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear,watch,find等，以及使役动词make, let等。The passive voice in the simple present tense: amSb./Sth. is + past participle (+ by . ) are 被动语态的一般疑问句的结构：Be 动词+主语+过去分词？四：作文A person with a traditional skill Mr Chen makes toys from dough. He is over 50 years old now. His hands are rough because he works with dough all the time. Mr Chen makes dough toys of different sizes. Only a small piece of dough and some simple tools are required to make a dough toy. Mr Chen uses his hands to turn the dough into different characters, for example the Monkey King. Dough of different colours is used to make the toys more interesting. I