英语北师大版选修7 Unit20 lesson 3 scientific breakthroughs.ppt

lesson3scientificbreakthroughs warmup alittlequiz isaacnewton 1642 1727 britishphysicalscientist astronomerandmathematician borninlincolnshire heprovedthetheoryofgravitytobetrue hewasbritishwhowaslivingin18thcentury heinventedanadvancedsteamenginewhichwasthelaststrawofthefirstindustryrevolutioninwesterncountries hewasborninscotlandin1847 heimmigratedintotheusaattheageof24andlaterbecameaamericacitizen hewastheinventoroftelephone 贝尔 bell alexandergraham 1847 1922 amongtheseveralimportantdiscoveriesmadeinhislife thegreatestisthecreationofhisfamoustheoryofrelativity healsodiscoveredfamousmathematicalstatemente mc energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared thisstatementorformulaexplainedthatagreatamountofenergycouldcomefromasmallpieceofmatter alberteinstein ondecember17th 1903 theymadetheworld sfirstflightinamachinethatwasheavierthanairandpoweredbyanengine wrightbrothers thedesignerofeniac thefirstcommercialcomputermadeintheunitedstates americanphysicistjohnwilliammauchlyandj prespereckert这是美国军方 navy 要求宾州大学莫奇来 mauchly 博士和他的学生爱克特 eckert 设计的 准备用来计算炮弹及火箭 导弹 missiles 的弹道 它最终在原子弹的研制中发挥了极大的作用 alexanderfleming 1881 1955 scottishbiochemistfebruary14 1929 flemingdiscoverspenicillin siralexanderflemingwasayoungbacteriologistwhenanaccidentaldiscoveryledtooneofthegreatdevelopmentsofmodernmedicine edwinhubble americanastronomer hechangedourideasabouttheuniverseandhowitdeveloped inthelatenineteen twenties hisstudyleadtothemostimportantastronomicaldiscoveryofthetwentiethcentury theexpandinguniverse andheprovedthatnebulaeweregalaxiesthemselves astronomersnowagreethatfardistantgalaxiesdoexist readingpracticeforgeneralidea readingstrategy 1 firstreadthetexttogetthegeneralidea gothroughthewholetext don tworryaboutsomenewword youdon tneedtounderstandeverywordexactly justworkoutthesubjectandthemainidea 1 theequatione mc2 penicillin3 thefirstcomputer4 othergalaxies ex2 trytomatchthediscoverieswithhowtheywerediscovered a scientistsworkedtogetherasateamb therewasaluckyaccidentaccidentc ascientistdidresearchformanyyearsd ascientistwasinspired thepurposeofthisarticleis theintroductionofthewrightbrotherstheintroductionoftheprocessofscientificbreakthroughintroductionofthemajorscientificdiscoveriesinthe20thcenturythecontributionsscientistsmadetotheworld matchthepioneerswiththedeeds theywerespecialistintheareaofbicycle repair buttheywereinterestedinaircraft theymadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofaircraft heisawareofrecentdevelopments buthehasbeenworkingonhisown heshowedinhis theoryofrelativity thatnoteventime massorlengthisconstant thewrightbrothers elberteinstein heprovedthattheuniverseisactuallyexpanding andthatfurtherawaygalaxiesare thefastertheymove hewasasonofascottishshepherd heediscoveredpenicillin althoughhisdiscoveryisimportant heremainedmodest duringthe2ndworldwar theusnavyturnedtothemtoproduceamachine theydidn tfinishuntilafterthewar infebruary1946 edwinhubble alexanderfleming eckertandmauchlytogetherwiththeirteam readingforspecificinformation readingstrategy 2 readthequestions statementsandidentifyimportantwords findtherelevantpartofthetextandidentifytheimportantwordsdecideiftheimportantwordsinthequestion statementexpressthesamemeaningbaseyourdecisiononlyontheinformationinthetext usethestrategiestohelpyou exs4 arethesestatementstrueorfalseaccordingtothetextoristherenoinformation workingroupstousethestrategiestoworkouttheproblems 1 orvillewrightmadethefirstandlongestflighton17december 1903 2 abicycle repaircompanymadethemoneyusedinthewrightbrother sflyingexperiments ondecember17 1903 orvillemadethefirstflightintheirplane theflyer1 andheflew39metresin12seconds t f thebrothersusedthecompanytosupporttheirflyingmachineresearchandexperiments 3 einsteinwasatworkwhenhethoughtoftheequation e mc 4 einsteinparticipatedintheprogrammethatdevelopedthenuclearbomb 5 einsteinobservedchangesintime sizeandmass whilerockinghisone year oldbaby hethoughtsthover suddenly theequationcametohim theequationalsohelptocreatethenuclearbomb einsteinthenshowedinhis theoryorrelativity thatnoteventime massorlengthareconstant f t f 6 hubblestudiedtheuniverseforovertwentyyears 7 hubblediscoveredthatourgalaxyisbiggerthanwethoughtitwas 8 fleminghadbeenstudyingbacteriainhislaboratorywhenthediscoveryhappened 9 therewasabluemouldaroundthebacteriainthedish 10 flemingdevelopedtheprocessformakingpenicillin ni t theuniversewasvastlylargerthanhadpreviouslybeenthought ni f t 11 thefirstcomputerprojectfailedtomeetitsoriginalgoal 12 thefirstcomputerwasextremelydifficulttoprogram t althoughtheyandtheirteamdidnotfinishthemachineuntilafterthewar ni whilealberteinsteinwasrockinghisone year oldbaby he wasawareofrecentscientificdevelopments thoughtovermariecurie sresearch heshowedthatnoteventime massorlengthareconstant cameupwiththefamous theoryofrelativity vocabulary compoundwords exs5 matchthecategories a e withtheexamplesfromthetext 1 5 tpoundn 1 one year old world famous n n far reachingb compoundv 2 breakthrough outcomec compoundadj 3 mass produce double chestd compoundn 4 flyingmachine adj n nuclearbombe compoundn 5 cdplayer jetengine v prep usefulexpressions 仔细考虑 慎重思考被想出意识到越 越 向 求助 thinkoversthcomestosb nopassive beawareofthemore themoreturntosb sth discussion itispredicted 预言 thattherewillbe5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury whatdoyouthinkwillbethe5scientificbreakthroughsandhowwilltheyinfluenceourlife haveadiscussionandvoiceyouropinion 5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury 1 we llknowwherewecamefrom whydoestheuniverseexist toputitanotherway whyistheresomethinginsteadofnothing sincethe1920s scientistshaveknowntheuniverseisexpanding whichmeansitmusthavestartedatadefinitetimeinthepast theyevenhavedevelopedtheoriesthatgiveadetailedpictureoftheevolutionoftheuniversefromthetimeitwasafractionofasecondoldtothepresent wewillhaveabetterunderstandingofhowmatterbehavesattheunfathomablyhightemperaturesandpressuresoftheearlyuniverse 2 we llcrackthegeneticcodeandconquercancer asscientistslearnmoreaboutthegeneticcodeandthewaycellsworkatthemolecular10level manyseriousdiseases cancer forone willbecomelessthreatening usingmanufactured therapeutic viruses doctorswillbeabletoreplacecancer causingdamageddnawithhealthygenes probablyadministeredbyapillorinjection 3 we lllivelonger 120years 21st centurystridesingeneticmedicine