高考复习(句子成分,简单句,并列句).doc

简单句、并列句和复合句衡南九中 殷老师编制学习目标： 1.熟记简单句的五种基本句型 2.会判断简单句的五种基本句型3.了解英语句子的分类方法4.会从结构上区别认识简单句、并列句及复合句简单句的五种基本句型课前热身、划分句子成分并判断这些句子的类型1. She is a very good girl . ( ) (_语) (_词) (_语)2. The girl is very good. ( ) (_语) (_词) (_语)3. They laughed. ( ) (_语) (_词) 4. The kites fly in the sky. ( ) (_语) (_词)5. I bought a new bike. ( ) (_语) (_词) (_语)6. He plays volleyball. ( ) (_语) (_词) (_语)7. She told me a story. ( ) (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语)8. He gave me a good book. ( ) (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语)9.He asked me to help him. ( )(_语) (_词) (_语) (_语)10.He made me happy. ( ) (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语)学习擂台英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一S.+V. (主谓)基本句型二S.+V.+P. (主系表)基本句型三S.+V.+O. (主谓宾)基本句型四S.+V.+I.O.+D.O. (主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五S.+V.+O.C. (主谓宾宾补)一、S.+V. (主语谓语)请看下列例句并仿照划分句子成分1The sun was shining.2We all breathe, eat, and drink.3Who cares?4. What he said does not matter.5They talked for half an hour.6The pen writes smoothly.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。(1)这些动词常见的有：take place，happen，break out，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，come，die，exist，fall，rise，hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等。(2)有些动词如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，draw，cook，read等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。知识点2二、S.+V.+P. (主语系动词表语)请看下列例句并仿照划开句子成分1This is an EnglishChinese dictionary.2The dinner smells good.3He fell in love.4Everything looks different.5He is growing tall and strong.6The trouble is that they are short of money.7Our well has gone dry.8His face turned red.归纳提示：在该句型中，句子的谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。连系动词分两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，sit，stand，lie，keep，remain，stay等。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，prove等。知识点3三、S.+V.+O. (主语谓语宾语)请看下列例句并仿照划分句子成分1Who knows the answer?2She smiled her thanks.3He has refused to help them.4He enjoys reading.5They ate what was left over.6He said “Good morning.”7I want to have a cup of tea.8He admits that he was mistaken.这种句型中的动词为及物动词或者相当于及物动词动词短语。谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。另外，动词或动词短语跟非谓语动词作宾语时，有些只跟不定式，而有些只跟动名词。跟不定式做宾语的动词有：afford，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seek，threaten，wish，arrange，learn，etc.跟动名词做宾语的动词和短语有：acknowledge(承认)，admit，appreciate(感激)，avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，prevent，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit(放弃)，risk，(cant)stand，suggest，advise等；动词短语有：give up，put off，feel like，set about，insist on等。四、S.+V.+I.O.+D.O.(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)请看下列例句并仿照划分句子成分1She ordered herself a new dress.2She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3He bought you a dictionary./He bought a dictionary for you.4I showed him my pictures./I showed my pictures to him.5I gave my car a wash.6I told him that the bus was late.7He showed me how to run the machine.此句型谓语动词是能带双宾语的动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者，即直接宾语和间接宾语。这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。跟双宾语的动词有：award，give，offer，bring，buy，show，bring，leave，lend，pass，pay，promise，send，take，tell，get，book，fetch，find，make，order等。该句型还可转换为其他两种句型：(1)动词宾语for sb.(buy，provide)。(2)动词宾语to sb.(give，offer，show，lend)。知识点5五、S.+V.+O.+O.C. (主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)请看下列例句并仿照划分句子成分1They appointed him manager.2They painted the door green.3This set them thinking.4They found the house deserted.5What makes him think so?6We saw him out.7He asked me to come back soon.8I saw them getting on the bus.在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语。宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，这是与双宾语的不同之处。一些动词后面常跟复合宾语，这类动词有：let，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。归纳总结 1.只有 动词后才会带宾语，双宾语是指 和 ，而复合宾语为 的结构2.只有 动词后才会带表语，所以要牢记这些动词，不要只记得be3. 复合宾语与双宾语的不同之处在于： 4.你能结合下列两个例句分析一下哪个是复合宾语结构吗？I gave my car a wash. （提示：不能说“我的车子是一个澡”my car is a wash）I saw them getting on the bus.（提示：可以说“他们正上车”They are getting on the bus ）随堂演练完成句子并写出句型代码。1他感到焦虑。He worried.( )2这孩子看起来像只猴子。The child like a monkey.( )3你必须保持健康。You must .( )4这种混合物味道太难尝了。The mixture .( )5他变得对科学感兴趣。He in science.( )6现在我的梦想实现了。Now my dream has .( )7昨晚他显得十分疲倦。He last night.( )8这项工程持续了4年。The project .( )9一个农民来到一个妇女家。A farmer a womans house.( )10这种事每个晚上都发生。It .( )11他们正在吃早饭。They .( )12我希望不久收到到你的来信。I from you soon.( )13她不喜欢乘飞机旅行。She by air.( )14他们教我们汉语。They .( )15记者们把它们交给了编辑。Reporters the editor.( )16请把信拿给我好吗？Would you please ？( )17他们打算将入口大厅涂为白色。They are going to the entrance hall .( )18我不会让你走的。I wont .19父亲看见他坐在一些鸡蛋上。His father him on some eggs.20我该把他留在家中吗？Shall I him ？( )简单句、并列句及复合句学习擂台一）句子按照用途来分类种 类类 型例 句陈述句肯定句We love our motherland. 否定句They dont go to work on Sundays. 疑问句一般疑问句Are you a worker? Havent you seen the film? 特殊疑问句Who is the man? When do you watch TV? What are they doing now? 选择疑问句Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 反意疑问句They are going to the airport, arent they? You havent finished your homework, have you? 祈使句肯定句Be sure to get there at eight. 否定句Dont worry. Ill help you out. 感叹句what + 名词What great changes we have had these years! What a fine day it is! how + 形容词或副词How brave he is! How hard they are working! how +句子How time flies! How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj. +nHow nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 二）句子按照句子的结构用途来分类1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。 He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.课堂练习请写出简单句的五种基本句型 注:其他各种句子都是在简单句的五种基本句型这一种基础扩展、变化或省略而构成。 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you.The future is bright ; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。并列句的分类由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句1、联合并列句常用并列词是and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then, or, eitheror, otherwise等连接。Use your head, and youll find a way.Hurry up, or youll miss the train.2、转折并列句常用的连词有but/yet, however, , while/whereas(而), nevertheless（然而不过），still（可是）等。The film is not perfect , still its good这部电影不完美，可是还不错He wants to be a writer while I want to be a doctor.3、因果并列句表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。I was late, so we went home.提示：在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中, 当前后两部分间为承接关系时, 用and;前后意思为相反关系时, 用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句, 但必须将and 或or 去掉.如: Hurry up, and well be there in time.= If we hurry up, well be there in time.注意：because和so; although, though和but 不能连用 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。复合句常由从属连词引导（还有关系代词和关系副词引导）The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。（同位语从句）A man who doesnt learn from others cant achieve much.一个不向别人学习的人是不能有多少成就的。（定语从句）The film had begun when we got to the cinema.（状语从句）复合句的分类复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。复合句常由从属连词引导（还有关系代词和关系副词引导）这里不再多说，在以后教材中会有专题学习补充知识点：并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。大致可分为三大类：1）、that （无词义，不做成分）if，whether （表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分）2）、连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever（有词义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语）3）、连接副词：when，where，why，how，how课堂练习判断下列句子是简单句还是并列句和复合句1. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 2. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 3. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.4. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 归纳总结我们知道简单句是含有一 和 的句子，凡是符合简单句的五种基本句型的都可以判断为简单句如果句子可以看做 “简单句+ +简单句”这种整体结构的是并列句如果句子可以看是“主句+ +从句”的或者“从属连词+ +主句”的是复合句所以，区别并列句和简单句一般看 请结合下面的句子分析：1Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.我在英国上了一年的中学，那是一段我非常开心、非常兴奋的经历。2We also had different students in some classes，so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.上某些课的时候，我们班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的长相和名字可是一件难事。3I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school.我发现这里的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重。4I did not realize schools in the UK are so different from schools in China until I read your article.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句: 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening课堂练习1. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition. A. then B. but C. and D. or2. （2010全国卷IT33） We havent discussed yet _we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where3. （2010江苏卷T35） I prefer shutting