高三英语总复习阅读猜测词义 人教版.ppt

8年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料 例如公告 说明 广告以及书 报 杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章 考生应能 理解主旨要义 理解文中具体信息 根据上下文推断生词的词义 作出简单判断和理解 理解文章的基本结构 理解作者的意图和态度 2001 2005年阅读理解试题分类情况 上下文 构词法 猜测词意 阅读理解之 猜测词意 amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife 信号词 be becalled means bedefinedas 1 定义或解释说明 蚊子 沙漠 ex 1 apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8a m thisweek 木匠 动物学家 牧人 夜班 thoughtom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 2 对比关系信号词 but however yet otherwise while though ontheonehand ontheotherhand foronething foranotherthing insteadof等 污秽的 节约的 ex 2 inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil ifyouagree write yes ifyoudissent write no 混乱 不同意 rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 3 因果关系信号词 because since as for dueto so therefore so that such that thus 弹性的 混浊的 ex 3 he ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 精明的 修剪 carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 家禽 装置 信号词 such suchas like forexample instance especially include consistof 4 举例法 insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain thefarmershavetoirrigate orwater theirfields allwhalesfallintotwogroups thosewithteethandthosewithout dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti thatistosay theyaretoothedwhales 5 重述信号词 or thatis tosay inotherwords toputitanotherway i e 灌溉 有牙齿的 thenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thelawthatwasineffectlastyear motherwastall fatandmiddle aged myauntwasanoldwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter 6 同义词 近义词信号词 or like as as thesameas 替代 圆胖的 whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater 7 生活经验 生活常识 逻辑推理 麻药 波纹 1 overthecourseofafriendship eventhebestpeoplemakemistakes sometimes itmaybebestifthewrongedpersontakestheleadandapologizes 2006高考 the wrongedperson underlinedinthesentencesreferstoaperson a whohasbeenmistakenforanotherb whohasbeenblamedunfairlyc whohastreatedfriendsbadlyd whohasadmittedhismistakes 小试身手 2 anyofthesecomingatrighttime canserveasanignitertostartone senthusiasmforlearningorforabettercareer toturnhimfromapassivestateofwaitingtoanactivestateofpursuing tolendhimstrengthtogoaheadbravely inthatcase whathehasprepearedforyearswillbequicklyturnedintofruitfulreality theunderlinedword pursuing means a dreamingaboutsuccess b tryingtoachievesomething c preparingfortheworst d hopingtobealeader 3 manyyearsago wheniwasfreshoutofofschoolandworkingindenver iwasdrivingtomyparents homeinmissouriforchrismas istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromoklahomacity whereiwasplanningtostopandvisitafriend whileiwasstandinginlineatthecashregister 收款台 isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas itookoff buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar istoppedandwonderedwhatishoulddo 2006高考卷 theunderlinedwords tookoff mean a turnedoffb movedoffc putupd setup 4 thecoyote 丛林狼 originallylivedinthemiddleofthecontinent oneofitsmostobviouschareatersisitssmartness whichhasmadetheanimalanotorious 臭名昭著的 pest hunterstrapped shotandpoisonedmorethanamillioncoyotesinthe1900s it sstilloneofamerica smosthuntedanimals yetthecoyotehassurvived howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability iguessifyouwantedtouseoneword it dbeplastic