高中名词性从句讲解与练习.doc

定语从句练习1. This is the factory _which/ that / X_ we visited last week. 2. This is the watch _which / that / X_ Tom is looking for. 3. The person _to / with whom_ you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 4. The house _in which / where_ we live is very small. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, _which_ makes it possible for plants to grow. 6. Ive read all the books _that / X_ I borrowed from the library. 7. This is the best film _that / X_ I have ever seen. 8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons _that / X_ they remembered in the country. 9. Everything _that / X_ we saw was of great interest. 10. His dog, _which_ was now very old, became ill and died. 11. The reason _for which / why_ he didnt go to school is that he was ill. 12. Those _who_ want to go with me put up your hands. 13. The boy, _whose_ mother died last year, studies very hard. The boy, the mother of whom died last year, studies very hard.14. I have two sisters, both of _whom_ are doctors. 15. Were going to visit the school _in which / where_ your brother works. 16. He is the only one of the students _that_ has been invited to the English Evening. 17. That is the way _in which / that / X_ they work. 18. Those _who_have questions can ask the teachers for advice. 19. Who is the man _that_ has white hairs? 20. I will never forget the days _when_ we had a goodtime together at the sea.练习1. This is the factory _ we visited last week. 2. This is the watch _ Tom is looking for. 3. The person _ you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 4. The house _ we live is very small. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, _ makes it possible for plants to grow. 6. Ive read all the books _ I borrowed from the library. 7. This is the best film _ I have ever seen. 8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons _ they remembered in the country. 9. Everything _ we saw was of great interest. 10. His dog, _ was now very old, became ill and died. 11. The reason _ he didnt go to school is that he was ill. 12. Those _ want to go with me put up your hands. 13. The boy, _ mother died last year, studies very hard. 14. I have two sisters, both of _ are doctors. 15. Were going to visit the school _ your brother works. 16. He is the only one of the students _ has been invited to the English Evening. 17. That is the way _ they work. 18. Those _have questions can ask the teachers for advice. 19. Who is the man _ has white hairs? 20. I will never forget the days _ we had a good time together at the sea. 名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. The question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。I hope (that) everything is all right.把握that引导的宾语从句要注意以下特殊情况：2.宾语从句：动词（tell/ask等）+间接宾语+从句Tell me how you went to school. I cant tell him that his mother died. 3. 宾语从句(通常是由that引导的宾语从句)常置于句末并用it作形式宾语。动词为使役动词和感官动词make/think/find等。We think it important that Mary should tell the truth. I have made it clear that well sign the contract with your company. 4. be形容词与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句(这种结构中的“be形容词”可以被视为发挥着及物动词的作用， 其后的从句具有宾语从句的性质)Are you certain that youll get there in time? He was disappointed that he failed to get the master degree. 5.介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。 Im interested in whether youve finished the work. Im interested in what youve said.6、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They dont know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time.（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别 同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news, ope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought, doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.Word came that he had been abroad.Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 2. 从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴?如: The news that our team has won the game was true. The news that he told me yesterday was true. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. I have no idea what has happened to him.引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 一判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2. Thats _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.答案1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. Whether1._you have done might do harm to other people.2. They have no idea at all _he has gone.3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. Anyone _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.5. These photographs will show you _ our village looks like.6. Can you make sure _ Alice has put the gold ring? 7. No one can be sure _ man will look like in a million years. 8. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. 9. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 10. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 11. He asked _ I paid for the violin. 12. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he came by car. 13. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.15. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. 16. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 17. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. 21. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 25. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. 26. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants. 31. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.38. Mary wrote an article on _the team had failed to win the game.39. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.40. The way he did it was different from _ we were used to . 41. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. 42. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. 43. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.44._makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.45. See the flags on top of the building?