研究生英语第二册课后题答案.doc

BOOK2 UNIT 14. Cloze(2) responsibility(3) reason(4) triggered(5) anxiety(6) committed(7) criticism(8) empathy(9) develop(10) violates(11) value(12) against(13) fulfill(14) generally(15) failing(16) intended(17) biochemical (18) judged(19) since(20) natureA. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom fromcompulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.人们想快乐，首先必须感到自由，其次，必须感到自己重要。假如迫于社会压力做自己不乐意做的事，或者乐于做的事被认为一文不值，毫不重要，得不到社会的承认，那么这样的人是不可能真正快乐的。倘如一个人对社会给与他的差事不感兴趣，干下去只是出于谋生和养家糊口的需要，那么此人就只是个雇佣劳动者。倘如一个人打心眼里对社会掏钱让他干的差事感兴趣，那么他就是一个工作者。一件差事究竟是劳动还是工作并不取决于差事本身，而是取决于干这个差事的人的喜好。这种差异并不等同于体力和脑力劳动的区别。从一个人对休闲的态度可以看出他属于哪类人。对工作者而言，休闲不过是放松休息几个小时，为的是工作起来效率更高。所以他可能花很少的时间休息，而不是很多。对劳动者而言恰恰相反，休闲意味着摆脱了羁绊，他总盼着少干多玩，工作时间越短越好，这种想法也在情理之中。B. Translate the following sentences into English.1、当真相大白的时候，人们呼吁政府要给英雄正名。( put in a good word for)People appealed to the government to put in a good word for the real hero after the truth came out.2、新年到了，山姆意识到是该暂时把工作放到一边，给父母打个电话的时候了。 (occur to)The New Years coming,It occured to Sam that he should put the work aside temporary and give his parents a call.3、在这个瞬息万变的时代，年轻人常常把个人利益在首位而将社会责任抛在脑后。(tune out)In a time of change, young people often put self-interest in the first place and tune out social commitment.4、政府已经意识到贫富分化可能导致严重的社会问题，并且已采取措施来缩小这种差距。(arise from)The government has realized that serious social problems may arise from wealth polarization, and measures have been taken to shorten the distance.5、作为成名的代价，明星们尤其容易受到批评的攻击，因为人们总是对他们期望更高。(be vulnerable to)As the cost of being famous, stars are particularly vulnerable to criticism, because people always have higher expectations of them.6、恐怖袭击被成功镇压之后，惊魂未定的人质们被领着穿过一个秘密通道，来到安全地带。 （shepherd）After the terrorist attack was successfully suppressed, the horrorstricken hostage were shepherded across a secret passage to the safety zone.7、最终，作者选择反驳谣言，倒不是因为个人受到了冒犯，更多的是因为这给别人造成了伤害（inflict）Finally, the author chose to retort the rumor not because of any personal offense, but rather in response to injuries inflicted on others.8、罪犯向律师解释到，他天生意志薄弱，物质欲望经常会战胜情感，所以才会去偷熟人的东（overpower)The criminal explains to his lawyer that his will is so naturally fragile that his physical needs often overpower his feeling, which leads to the theft of his acquaintance.9、当她的奶奶，也是这个世界上唯一爱她的人离世时，她心中除了深深的悲伤和遗憾之外，再也没有其它感受。（nothing else but）When her grandma, the only person who loved her in the world passed away, her heart was filled with nothing but deep sorrow and regret.BOOK 2 UNIT 2A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese1) A silicon-chip agnosticism can be shaken by many puzzles besides the creation. Almost as mysterious are the circumstances that led, billions of years ago, to the creation of the first molecule that could reproduce itself. That step made possible the development of all the forms of life that spread over the earth. Why did it occur just then? 硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题是，在几十亿年前，是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。这一步使得遍布地球的所有生命形式的发展成为可能。为什么恰在那时发生呢?A religious enthusiasm for the apparent convergence of science and theology in the Big Bang cosmology is understandable. Since the Enlightenment, the scriptural versions of creation or of other “events,” like the fall of man or the miracles of Jesus Christ, have suffered the condescension of science; they were regarded as mere myth, superstition. Now the faithful are tempted to believe that science has performed a laborious validation of at least one biblical “myth”: that of creation. 对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同，宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。自启蒙运动以来，圣经所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”，如人之堕落和耶稣基督的奇迹，屡屡遭遇科学的贬抑；它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”：创世说。2) So far, popular reaction to NASAs announcement that its scientists have discovered evidence of life in a meteorite from Mars has been pretty positive. But that may change as the implications sink in. The announcement is the biggest insult to the human species in almost 500 years. This discovery suggests that life is probably a pretty ordinary phenomenon that occurs any place you give it half a chance.- 美国国家航空和航天局宣布科学家已经发现来自火星的陨石中有生命的迹象。到目前为止，公众的反向相当积极。不过随着人们进一步领会其深层含义，这种积极的反响可能会改变。来自国家宇航局的这一消息是近500 年来对人类的最大的冒犯。这一新发现说明生命很可能是相当普遍的一种现象，只要有点机会在任何地方都可能发生。Earth isnt special. The alien life-forms arent special either. Instead of highly logical humanoids with pointy ears or other endearing characteristics, they seem to be a lot like simple bacteria. Life on Earth was special because it was the only life we knew. In this case, however, the dogma being shattered is based fundamentally on ignorance. Biology has rested precariously on a single data point-life on Earth.- 地球并不特殊。异类的生命形式也不特别。他们不是人们通常合情合理想象的长着尖尖耳朵或其它可爱特点的人形生命，他们很可能更像简单的细菌。地球上的生命之所以特别是因为我们只了解这一种生命形式。那么就这一点来说，现在行将破碎的那类教条根本就是建立在无知的基础上的。生物学的根基非常脆弱，它只是一个数据点，即地球上的生命。B. Translate the following sentences into English.1、我的祖母对电器一无所知，所以她总是对任何一种电器都敬而远之。(stay clear of )Since my grandma knows nothing about electrical appliance, she always stays clear of any of them with fear.2. 尽管已经被包围了将近一周，战士们发誓绝不将阵地放弃给敌人。(yield to)Although they have been sieged for almost a week, the soldiers swear never to yield the ground to the enemy.3. 他尴尬地发现他的新老板就是那个他曾常常戏弄的小学同学。(turn out)He found with embarrassment that his new boss turned out to be his primary school classmate, on whom he used to play trick.4. 当社会责任和个人利益发生冲突的时候，每个人都应该清楚该如何抉择。(clash with) Everybody should know how to choose when their social responsibility clashes with their personal interest.5. 来自世界各地的游客都为这座宫殿所展示出来的美丽与智慧而着迷。(be taken withTourists from all over the world are really taken by the beauty and intelligence shown in this palace.6. 这本书以尖锐的视角展示了中产阶级的非洲裔美国人的国内生活，以及奴隶制与种族歧视的残余影响。(residual)-This book provides a sharp look at the domestic lives of middle-class African Americans and the residual impacts of slavery and racial discrimination.7. 那天早上在亚洲最大的农贸集市上，我看见至少十万人相互推挤着购买牲畜，这个情景令我难忘(jostle) That morning in the largest rural market in Asian, I saw at least a hundred thousand people jostled with one another to buy livestock, which is so unforgettable to me.8. 这篇叙述开始还延续着早期小说的轻松的描述语气，但是随着故事的展开，这种语气变得模糊了，只偶尔蹦出一些幽默的字词。(recede）The narration at first continues the light spoken tone of the earlier novel, but as it develops, this tone recedes, only occasionally bursting forth in humorous words.9、两派都认为再强硬的枪支法对降低犯罪率也是无能为力的，关键是对人的教育。(concur)The two groups concurred that even the toughest gun laws would have no effect on crime rate; the key lies in the education of people.10、没有人能想到，这位伟大作家的坟墓只有一小块木板作标记，上面写着他的名字，字迹几乎被岁月磨掉了。(obliterate)-No one could expect that the great writers grave was marketed by a small wooden board, bearing his name, the letters of which were nearly obliterated by time.BOOK 2 UNIT 3Translation - A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(1) What is the optimal design for such a multi-tiered confidentiality system? Would there be unintended consequences? Would it be acceptable to the public? Without good answers to such questions, information technology could fall under the same cloud of public suspicion that hangs over nuclear power and genetic engineering. Already, aggressive telemarketing has made people very reluctant to answer scientific surveys administered by telephone. 这样一个多层机密系统的最佳构思是什么呢？是否会出现意外的后果？公众是否能接受？如果不能很好地回答这些问题，信息技术将会像核能源和基因工程一样被笼罩在大众的疑云之中。现在无处不在的电话销售已经让人们变得十分抵触通过电话进行的科学调查了。Internet-based surveys have promise, but they typically lack the reliability of traditional random-sample polling. Another challenge is that impartial research on the real consequences of government security-motivated data fusion and mining may not be possible within the government security regime itself, because impartiality in science requires the research to be made public.网络调查倒是大有前途，但是显然缺乏传统的随机抽样调查的可信度。另一个问题是，政府以安全为目的进行数据收集和整合，但是对其真实结果的研究在政府的安全机构内部是不可能公正的，因为要想获得科学的公正性，研究就必须公开进行。(2) Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasnt that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.根据卡耐基麦伦大学的研究，使用因特网可能会导致心理健康程度下降。两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人 相比，即使是易皱紧上网几小时也会经常地感到沮丧和孤独。这不是说已经有不良感觉敌人在网上花费了更多的时间， 而是说使用因特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.研究者推测说，实际情况是上网使网民减少了和家人及朋友共度的时光，这也许可以解释他们心理健康状况的下降原因。和面对面的交谈相比，这种见不着、看不见人的“虚”的交流可能会使人从心理上满足感。人们通过这种交流结下的友谊也不会太深。还有一种可能是，网民通过因特网所了解到的广阔世界使他们对自己的生活不那么满意了B. Translate the following sentences into English.1、我们的选手获得大赛冠军，这个消息使大家变得异常兴奋。（render) The news rendered us extremely excited that our contestant had won the championship in the contest.2、每年春节过后，全国各地到处都是找工作的大学毕业生。(in the pursuit of) After every Spring Festival graduates travel around the country in the pursuit of job.3、在缺乏确凿证据的情况下你怎能说他谋杀了邻居？(in the absence of) How can you tell he has murdered his neighbor in the absence of any specific proof?4、恐怖袭击的威胁令政府不得不每天仔细审查成堆的邮件。(sift through) Under the threat of terroristsattacks government has to sift through heaps of mails every day.5、大会委员会成员正在讨论是否将这一议题列入本次大会的主题之内。(fall under)The conference committes members are discussing whether the topic should fall under this sessions theme.6、在知道自己的病情不断恶化的情况下，这位曾雄心勃勃的企业家不得不将掌管公司的大权移交给儿子(relinquish)-When he was aware that his health was deteriorating, the once ambitious entrepreneur relinquished all control over the business to his son.7、市政府下定决心在全市范围内拓宽道路并积极筹划修建地铁，这些举措都是为给市民出行提供方便。(facilitate)The municipal government has determined to broaden all the roads within the city and is actively planning to build the underground system . All this aims at facilitating citizenstransportation.8、警察在调查一起造成两人死亡的银行抢劫案时，发现了一封信,这封信把约翰牵连到该案中(implicate) When investigating a bank robbery resulting in two deaths, the police found a letter which implicated John in the robbery.BOOK 2 UUNIT 44. Cloze(6) language (7) for (8) licensed (9) system (10) compatible(11) ultimate (12) fortune (13) estimates (14) private (15) extraordinary(16) view (17) oil (18) perils (19) where(20) intoA. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.Over the past thirty years, the influx of Asian immigrants, which cuts across all levels of cultural, ethnic, and class identifications, has transformed the Asian-American community, making it predominantly first-generation and highly diverse.The effect of such massive and extremely diversified immigration on Asian Americans is manifold.过去的三十年，在文化、种族及阶级层次等方面均截然不同的大批亚洲移民涌入美国，改变了美籍亚裔的群体结构，使第一代移民占据绝对优势，呈现出多样化的趋势。如此大量及多样化的移民潮对美籍亚裔的影响是多方面的。The rapid growth of the population has boosted the political and economic power of Asian Americans and provided a critical mass for the development of Asian-American studies. Since Asian Americans are either the largest or fastest-growing minority group on campuses across the nation, their strong interest in Asian-American studies helps build up the discipline at a time when financial difficulty constrains curriculum development in institutions of higher education人口的迅速增长提高了亚裔的政治经济权力，同时为亚裔研究的发展提供了具有批评眼光的大众。在全美各校园里，亚裔要么是人数最多、要么是增长速度最快的少数民族群体，他们对亚裔研究的强烈兴趣使当时受财政困难制约的各高校开设了这门课程.B. Translate the following sentences into English.1、许多老年人都有一种自然倾向，那就是不停地谈论自己。(inclination)There is a natural inclination in old men to be talking of themselves.2、我们相信他们这样做看起来很残酷，但其用意是好的。(credit)We must credit them with our good intention in doing such a seemingly cruel thing.3、由于昨天是母亲节，他对母亲隐瞒了这个坏消息。(conceal)He concealed the bad news from his mother because it is the Mothers Day today.4、我觉得他不会受欢迎的，因为每次他做了不合适的事情甚至是错事，他都要给自己找出借口。（come up with）I dont think he will be a popular figure, because he always comes up with an excuse whenever he had done something inappropriately or even wrongly.5、在美丽的金秋时节，我很高兴能在这座既古老神秘又充满现代活力的城市迎来参加本次会议的各位嘉宾（dynamism）In the golden autumn, I am very happy to welcome the distinguished guests to the conference. in this age-old and mysterious city full of dynamism of the modern era.6、四位前总统与现任总统乔治布什一起参加了里根总统图书馆的开馆典礼。（dedication）Four former Presidents joined incumbent President George Bush at the dedication ceremony for the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.7、那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。（equate.with）Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.8、根据约翰莫奈(John Money) 教授的研究，在影响我们择偶的诸多因素中，最说明问题的是一种被称为“爱图”的东西：它是我们大脑中的一组编码信息，记载着我们的爱憎。(telling)Among all the many factors influencing our idea of the perfect mate, one of the most telling, according to John Money, is what he calls our “lovemap”- a group of messages encoded in our brains that describes our likes and dislikes.BOOK 2 UNIT 54. Cloze(1)along (2) wondered (3) surrounded (4) companion (5) grand (6) produce (7) ease (8) innately (9) infant (10) sucking (11) indicating (12) increased (13) relatively (14) Rather (15)discriminate (16) equipped (17)babble (18) across (19) Thus (20) essentialA. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. After a bitter divorce, a custody battle that resulted in total estrangement from his teenage daughter and a mid-life crisis, Steven Dworman decided to produce and direct a funny movie based on his troubles. The film depicts the wife as having a lizards face. And he premiered the movie in a theater five blocks from his ex-wifes Santa Monica, California, home. Now after selling half his infomercial (资讯广告节目) and advertising consulting business to finance “Divorce, the Musical,” Dworman hopes he will break even and maybe even make some money. “This certainly wasnt a revenge story. That was the farthest thing from my mind,” said Dworman, 46.经历过一次痛苦的离婚，一场使得十多岁的女儿对自己形同陌路的监护权争夺战以及一次中年危机之后，斯蒂芬德沃曼决定以自己遭遇的麻烦为原形制作并导演一部电影。影片中的妻子长有一张蜥蜴的面孔。他在加利福尼亚州圣莫尼卡市距前妻的住宅仅5 个街区的一个电影院里首映了这部电影。德沃曼为筹拍离婚，音乐喜剧卖掉了他的商业电视及广告咨询生意的一半，现在他希望保本甚至赚点钱。46 岁的德沃曼说：“这绝不是为了报复。我压根儿没有这种念头。”2. Yet, the heroes, as removed as they are from ordinary experience, give voice to feelings we can hardly recognize. James Dean, in “Rebel Without a Cause,” is certainly larger than life, but the teenage angst that he articulates speaks to the confusion almost all adolescents feel in the journey from childhood to adulthood. Compared to the futile words of advice handed out to teens (I am speaking here as the admittedly inept father of two), his portrayal assures them that they are not the only ones to have known these troubling feelings. Knowing that makes life far more manageable.然而，正如电影里的主人公的生活往往远离现实生活一样，他们所表露的情感有时我们几乎无法认同。电影无因的反抗中的主人公詹姆斯迪恩在剧中的表现是高于生活的，但是这个十几岁的青年清楚地表露出来的焦虑和不安表达了所有处在青春期成长阶段的青少年的困惑，并与他们产生了共鸣。与那些“施舍”给孩子们的琐碎无用的说教相比（在这里，我作为一个的确不称职的两个孩子的父亲），詹姆斯迪恩在影片中的表演使青少年相信他们自己不是唯一一群有着些烦恼的人。明白了这一点，生活就会变得更容易驾驭了。B. Translate the following sentences into English.1、这位傲慢的年轻人太挑剔了，他对这本小说中的任何人物角色都难以认同。 (identify with)The haughty young man is so critical that he found it hard to identify with any of the characters in this novel.2、这家制药厂和一所医学院的研究所已经合作研制一种新的咳嗽药。(team up)The pharmaceutical factory has teamed up with a research institute of a medical college to develop a new cough medicine.3、这位著名导演最近的一部电影是关于晚婚问题的。 (be concerned with)The latest movie of the famous director is concerned with later marriage.4、总统死后，他们开始酝酿一场军事政变。 (set the stage for) They set the stage for a military coup after the presidents death.5、我哥哥认为他的成功是靠自己的能力，而不是因为父母的支持。 (owe. to)My brother owes his success more to his ability than to my parents support.6、我为增加收入，对于做零活总是来者不拒多多益善。（grist to the mill)I never refuse odd jobs to supplement my income its all grist to the mill.7、有一个小男孩让恐怖分子绑架了，警方让男孩的母亲放心，这个孩子很安全。（reassure about)A little boy had been kidnapped by terrorists. The police reassured his mother about the childs safety.8、讨论会漫无边际地进行了几小时，讨论的结果有负我的期望。 （measure up)The discussion meandered on for hours, and its results didnt measure up to my expectations.BOOK 2 UNIT 6A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.Humor is the wisdom that alleviates an awkward situation. It can help to reduce distress and unhappiness by creating a pleasant and friendly atmosphere, so that better commu