2021版新高考英语一轮复习 课时提能练41-42 北师大版.doc

课时提能练41-42课时提能练(四十一)选修7unit 21human biology(a)课时作业a：基础层面.单句语法填空1local businesses are closing at a/the rate of three a year.2i will not idle (虚度) away my time and be sorry in vain when my youthful head becomes white.3i would rather surf the internet than go to the cinema.4the meeting which is reported to_be_held (hold) this month has been put off till the end of next month.5its cruel of him to kill his mother.单句改错1it is nice for you to give us so much help.forof2strangely，mr green，opposing to the new policy，made no remark in the discussion.opposingopposed3i always have faith he will come to our party in person.faith后加that4my deskmate，rather than you，are responsible for the work.areis5he made fortune in his business trade last year.made后加a.选词成篇astraight away，cater to，get down to，at random，focus on，in despair，bring up，be responsible for，stop it in its trackssome schools 1.focus_on the number of the students admitted to key universities.in order to 2.cater_to the request of society，they 3.get_down_to adding lessons 4.at_random.as a result，a lot of students think theyre 5.in_despair and tired of being 6.brought_up at school.some parents think that the local government should 7.be_responsible_for it and should 8.stop_it_in_its_tracks 9.straight_away.bwipe out，rob.of.，at any rate，in vain，prohibit.from.，at all costs，submit tothree robbers were believed to have 10.robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday. the government ordered that the police should find the robbers 11.at_any_rate.the police immediately blocked the main roads and 12.prohibited the suspects from escaping but 13.in_vain.the authority said that such crimes were hard to tolerate and must be 14.wiped_out 15.at_all_costs.at present，the police are seeking the information about the case and urge the criminal to 16.submit_to the police.完成句子1the village shouldnt_have_been_wiped_out (本不应该被彻底冲走的)if the trees around it had been protected well enough.2most of us are doubtful_whether (怀疑是否)the boy really had_his_purse_ robbed_of (被抢了钱包)on his way home yesterday.3we_must_take_measures (我们必须采取措施)to get the prices to decline by 10 percent at any rate.4generally speaking，it is wrong to achieve your aim at_the_cost_of_your _health(以你的健康为代价)5having_been_here_for_a_year(待在这儿一年了)，i fit in quite well now despite some difficulties.课时作业b：能力层面.阅读理解a(2019绵阳市第一次诊断)we are what we eat.that is an old expression，but one worth knowing.a recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy foodand not too much of itlive longer.but which areas of the world have the best diets? researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets mediterranean diet，new nordic diet，japanese diet and french dietmay be very different，but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods，which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits，vegetables，whole grains，nuts and olive oil.the diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉)red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.new nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye，vegetables such as carrots，broccoli and eggs，seafood，fruits，oil，lowfat milk and cheese.sugary desserts are not common in this diet.japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet，with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80.the japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life.the diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients.japanese people eat a lot of seaweed，tofu，rice，vegetables and fish.the tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.however，french people eat fatty foods but do not get fat.and they live a long time.this phenomenon is called the “french paradox”. the reason why the french eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple.they eat less.serving sizes in french restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries.and generally speaking，most french people do not snack.this means they do not eat food between meals.【语篇解读】本文介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。1what do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?athey contain abundant calories.bthey tend to be expensive.cthey share certain similarities.dthey reflect popular tastes.c推理判断题。根据第一段中的“may be very different，but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods，which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都使用很多当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，更少的红肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选c项。2what is considered as a harmful eating habit in japanese tradition?agoing low in calories.beating to the fullest.chaving much seafood.dpicking many foods.b推理判断题。根据第四段中的“the tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选b项。3how does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?aby building connections.bby exploring reasons.cby listing examples.dby analyzing figures.c写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。4which can be the most suitable title for the text?awhat is the healthiest diet on earth?bhow does the old expression serve?cwhy is a healthy diet so important?dwhere can we feed ourselves well?a标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故a项作为文章标题最合适。b(2019昆明市摸底调研)a new study shows that rising levels of planetwarming gases may reduce important nutrients(营养物) in food crops.researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice.in the experiment，scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in china and japan.they set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century.rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had，on average,13 to 30 percent lower levels of four b vitamins and 10 percent less protein(蛋白质)the crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions. however，vitamin e levels increased by about 13 percent on average.the researchers said the effects of planetwarming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries.these people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets.that includes about 600 million people in indonesia，cambodia，myanmar，bangladesh，laos and other nations，mainly in southeast asia.other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production.and scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planetwarming gases threaten food quality.earlier studies showed that wheat，rice，field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals.scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.the new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. that is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.【语篇解读】本文介绍了温室气体如何减少粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。5growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may _.aincrease iron in the ricebmake it less nutritiousccause losses of vitamin edmake it more deliciousb细节理解题。根据第二段中的“rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had，on average,13 to 30 percent lower levels.less protein(蛋白质)”可知，b项为正确答案。a、c、d三项的表述均与原文表述不符。6how can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?aby importing rice from china and japan.bby taking other kinds of food instead of rice.cby avoiding eating rice from southeast asia.dby growing rice suitable for the environment.d细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“that is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels”可知，d项为正确答案。7whats the authors purpose of writing the text?ato inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.bto call on people to care for the planet they live on.cto share the results of some studies on peoples diets.dto tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.b写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍温室气体增加对粮食作物的影响来唤起人们对人类赖以生存的地球家园的保护。故选b。8in which part of a magazine can you read the text?aadvertisements.bart and culture.cscience reports.dbusiness news.c推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文中的“study” “researchers” “studies”等可推知，本文是一篇研究报道，在杂志的科学报道部分能读到本文。.完形填空(2019长沙市统一模拟)steve was a seventh grader，a big boy，looking more like a teenager than a 12yearold.yet，he went unnoticedhe had been _1_ every examination since first gradeuntil miss wilma appeared.in the middle of the first semester of school，the entire seventh grade was _2_ for basic skills.“you all did pretty well，” miss wilma told the class after going over the _3_， “except for one boy.and it _4_ my heart to tell you this，but.” she _5_，“the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.” steve _6_ his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.after that，steve still wouldnt do his homework.even if miss wilma _7_ punished him，he remained _8_.“steve，please! i care about you！”_9_， steve got it! “someone cares about me？！”one monday a couple of weeks later，miss wilma gave a _10_ on the weekend homework.steve _11_ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper.with a look of _12_， miss wilma took his paper and began to look it over.miss wilmas face was in a _13_ shock! she glanced up at steve，then _14_， then up.the smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!from that moment，nothing was the same for steve.he discovered that not only could he remember and understand _15_， but he could translate what he learned into his life.he became _16_.after high school，steve enlisted in the navy，and he had a(n) _17_ military career.during his naval years，he inspired many young people who might not have _18_ themselves without him.a _19_ took place within the heart of a boy all because of one teacher，who _20_.【语篇解读】steve曾经每次考试都不及格，但是miss wilma看到成绩的时候，却说他是班里最聪明的学生，而且告诉他老师非常关心他。steve感受到老师对自己的良苦用心，从此刻苦学习，改变了自己的命运。老师对他的影响促使他用同样的方法去影响并且帮助更多的人。1a.missingbfailingcpassingdskippingb根据下文可知，steve学习成绩很差；故可推知，他自一年级以来成绩就不及格，故选b。下文中的“failing”也是提示。2a.testedbclassifiedcseparatedddismisseda根据语境及下文内容可知，此处是说第一学期期中七年级全部学生进行基本技能测试。test“测试”符合语境。3a.questionsbeffectsclessonsdresultsd根据上文可知，七年级全部学生进行了基本技能测试，故此处应是指查看测试成绩(result)。4a.fillsbpressescbreaksddestroysc根据语境可知，此处表示告诉steve他考试没及格使miss wilma心碎。break“使心碎”。5a.shoutedbhesitatedcinterrupteddlaughedb根据语境可知，miss wilma的语意有所转折，故此处表示她犹豫(hesitate)了一下继续说道。6a.droppedbraisedccovereddcloseda根据语境可知，steve此次测试未及格，所以当miss wilma提到steve的时候，steve双目低垂，认真检查自己的指尖。drop ones eyes“垂下眼睛”。7a.strangelybsteadilycseverelydsecretlyc根据上文“after that，steve still wouldnt do his homework”并结合语境可推知，即使miss wilma严厉地(severely)惩罚了steve，但他仍然很固执(stubborn)。8a.helplessbstubborncflexibledcrazyb参见上题解析。9a.commonlybunwillinglycparticularlydsuddenlyd根据语境可知，steve突然顿悟，有人关心着自己。suddenly“突然”符合语境。10a.quizbchancecspeechdpresentationa根据下文“steve_ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper”可知，该处表示miss wilma组织了一场小测试(quiz)。11a.sleptblookedcliveddhurriedd根据该句中的“was the first to hand in his paper”可推知，steve很快就完成了测试。hurry“急忙(做某事)”符合语境。12a.disappointmentbsurprisecsatisfactiondinspirationb根据下文中的“miss wilmas face was in a _ shock”可知，miss wilma对steve的表现非常惊讶(surprise)。disappointment“失望”；satisfaction“满意”；inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”。13a.bitterbtotalcpreciousdridiculousb根据语境可知，miss wilma深感震惊。a total shock“深感震惊”为固定搭配。14a.downbawaycoutdbacka根据该句“she glanced up at steve，then _， then up”可知，miss wilma深感震惊，上下打量steve。down“向下”符合语境。15a.homeworkbgradescknowledgedsubjectsc根据语境以及空后的“but he could translate what he learned into his life”可知，steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识(knowledge)应用到生活中。16a.outstandingblazycroughdtroublesomea根据上文内容可知，steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识应用到生活中。由此可推知，他变得很优秀(outstanding)。17a.tiringbordinarychardworkingdsuccessfuld根据上文并结合语境可推知，毕业后，steve参加了海军，并且度过了成功的(successful)军旅生涯。tiring“令人困倦的”；ordinary“普通的”；hardworking“努力的”。18a.relied onblooked aftercturned todbelieved ind根据语境可知，steve在海军服役期间鼓舞了许多年轻人，如果不是他，这些年轻人可能不会相信(believe in)自己。19a.competitionbchoicecchangedcampaignc根据上文可知，steve在miss wilma的关心下，发生了改变(change)。20a.waitedblistenedcwisheddcaredd参见上题解析。与上文中的“i care about you”呼应。课时提能练(四十二)选修7unit 21human biology(b)课时作业a：基础层面.单句语法填空1doctors are searching for a cure that will wipe out cancer.2he is said to_be_studying (study) in the us now.3it is my finances that prohibit my going (go) to college.4they cheated the boy of his savings.5all cars made nowadays are_equipped(equip) with safety belts.单句改错6thankfully，this is a disease that is now in the decline.inon7they are urgently seeking out the posts where they are well paid. outafter/for8no matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart.去掉your9for one thing，i do well in english and which will be easy for me to complete the courses in your university.whichit10i cannot tolerate your absent from work.your后加being/absentabsence.完成句子1他站在那里，不知道在他身上将会发生什么。he stood there，not knowing what was_about_to_happen_to him.2急救中心配有装备，可处理这种灾难。the emergency services are equipped_to_deal_with disasters of this kind.3我对他很有信心。i have great faith/confidence_in_him.4过去的几周里，他的健康状况变得越来越糟。his health has been_declining these past few weeks.5假使你不来，你就会错过所有的美食。if you dont come，youll_miss_out all of the good food.课时作业b：能力层面.阅读理解a(2019石家庄一模)many years ago，when we first went to canada，we were driving through montana with our two children.we thought we would find a motel(汽车旅馆) on the way and had not made a booking.as it was getting late，we started looking for a motel，only to find that all were booked，which worried me sick.finally，around 9 pm.，we stopped at a gas station to fill up the gas tank.my husband asked for a phone book and told the woman at the counter that we were trying to find a motel.he tried for 15 minutes.when he was unsuccessful，the woman，linda，said she and her family lived nearby and would be happy if we spent the night at her home.my husband was stunned by her offer.she called her son to direct us，since she had to hold the fort at the gas station till midnight.when we reached her home，her husband greeted us.he took out two sleeping bags for the children.he invited us to have coffee and chat while we waited for his wife.when she came back，we asked if we could slip away in the morning so as not to disturb them.they said we were now guests and we would have to have breakfast with them.we woke up to a table set for breakfast.they made a mountain of pancakes and bacon.we ate breakfast，and when we were leaving，my husband asked if he could offer some payment.they insisted we were their guests.we left moved by their spirit of hospitality(好客)we were amazed that they would take in a family of total strangers from a different country.we kept in touch for many years.over the years，weve lost touch with them，but have never forgotten their kindness.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家在去加拿大时得到陌生人帮助的经过。1what made the author upset at first?athey got lost in canada.bthey ran out of gas.cthey had nowhere to stay.dthey were late for dinner.c细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“as it was getting late，we started looking for a motel，only to find that all were booked，which worried me sick.”可知，由于天色渐晚，作者他们开始找汽车旅馆，却发现所有的旅馆都被预订了。据此可知，让作者感到担心的是他们没有地方可以住宿，故c项正确。2what does the underlined word “stunned” in paragraph 3 mean?atroubled.bsurprised.cdisappointed.dconfused.b词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句和第三段第二句“she called her son to direct us，since she had to hold the fort at the gas station till midnight.”可知，linda要为作者一家人提供住宿，她让她的儿子来给作者他们领路，因为她要值班到午夜；结合最后一段中的“we were amazed.strangers from a different country.”可知，作者他们对linda为陌生人提供帮助的行为感到惊讶；故画线词表示“惊讶的”，故b项正确。3what did the authors family do the next morning?athey slipped away.bthey paid for their breakfast.cthey met some strangers.dthey had a big breakfast.d细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，第二天一早，linda一家就准备好了丰盛的早餐，作者一家和linda一家共享了早餐，故d项正确。4what is the best title for the text?aunexpected hospitalityba kind womancbe kind to strangersdlooking for a motela标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者一家在去加拿大时得到加油站工作人员linda和其家人帮助的经过。作者一家因为没有预订旅馆，晚上没地方住宿，linda得知情况后邀请作者一家到她家住宿，并热情招待了素不相识的作者一家。据此可知a项(意想不到的热情款待)最适合作文章的标题。b(2019长春监测二)next time you go shopping，keep in mind that there may be hidden cameras analyzing your habits.according to a 2015 survey of 150 managers from computer services corporation，a quarter of british shops use facial recognition software to collect data on shopper behavior.with concerns that facerecognition cameras “are kind of invasive(侵犯的)”， british analysis firm hoxton analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall(客流量)by filming peoples shoes.the technology can collect a large amount of personal information.“we have cameras at 50 cm off the ground and they point down so they are less invasive than facial recognition，” duncan mann，hoxtons officer said.as modern cities get fuller70 percent of the population will live in urban areas by 2050cameras and other technologies are taking over public spaces and collecting our data.their purpose is to keep people safe，provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.but some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy(隐私) is concerned.“very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，” said renate samson.we begin giving away data as soon as we wake up.when we enter the transport system，we a