2021版新高考英语一轮复习 课时提能练13-14 北师大版.doc

课时提能练13-14课时提能练(十三)必修3unit 7the sea(a)课时作业a：基础层面 .单句语法填空1they were about to go back home when the accident happened.2they couldnt，even if they would，get out of trouble by themselves.3the movie gone with the wind is really a success.i have never seen a better (good) one.4where did she pick up this companion?5she being (be) absent，the meeting had to be put off.单句改错1nothing else is precious than water in the desert.is后加more2if buyers pay in advance，they can make large wholesale purchases at discount.at后加a3read this sentence and tell me if it makes a sense.去掉a4i know only a little about the twins，jane and mary，but i think jane is more beautiful of the two sisters.more前加the5the work finishing，they left the office and went home.finishingfinished.选词成篇abe covered with，make a living，in addition to，pick up，in search of，fill out，participate in，get into troublelake tai 1.was_covered_with algae(藻) years ago，which seriously polluted the lake.the local peoples life 2.got_into_trouble because many of them 3.made_a_living by fishing.4.in_addition_to this，lake tai attracted a large number of people to visit it every year.now the government has been 5.in_search_of ways to clean it.a lot of people have 6.filled_out their names and 7.participated_in the movement.the environment of lake tai has begun to 8.pick_up.bcharile thinks that practice 9.rather_than theory 10.makes_sense.adventure on the sea is extremely dangerous，but he still can persuade some people to join in his adventure on the sea.according to his arrangement，they 11.set_sail last year 12.in_ the_direction_of west in search of whales.on the way，he warned his fellows to 13.watch_out for sharks in case they got into trouble.unfortunately，when they were having supper，a terrifying shark took them by surprise.they fought against it using harpoons(鱼叉) in their hands.with their joint efforts，they survived finally.after a months travel on the sea，they 14.made_it_to their destination and found the whales.完成句子1youd better hold your peace，or youll ask_for_trouble(自找麻烦)2how beautifully she sings！i have_never_heard_a_better_voice(从未听过这么好的嗓音)3in our county now the grain output is six_times_that_of_before_liberation(解放前的六倍)4im sorry i didnt_make_it_to (没能)your party last night.5she kept_picking_up (不断地拿起来)magazines and putting them down again.课时作业b：能力层面 .阅读理解a(2019陕西省部分学校摸底检测)scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.the experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patchabout 40,000 metric tonswithin five years.in the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine，creating the largest floating barrier ever made.the system，originally dreamt up by mr.slat，will be shipped out this summer to the great pacific garbage patch，between hawaii and california，which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic.it will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.mr.slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea.“there were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls.two years later he came up with a solution，quit university after six months and set up the ocean cleanup as a company.mr.slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone.“we as humanity created this problem，so i think its also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.the great pacific garbage patch(gpgp) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic，research found last month.most of it is made up of “ghost gear”parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear，such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels.ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales，dolphins and seals each year，according to scientific surveys.seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic.creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking its food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly.others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。1what does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?awaste.bocean.csystem.dmachine.a词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear，such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”。故选a。2which one makes up most of the garbage in pacific from the passage?afishing vessels.bdolphins and seals.cgiant tubes.dabandoned fishing gear.d细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“most of it is made up of ghost gearparts of abandoned and lost fishing gear，such as nets and ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。3why do some creatures in the great pacific garbage patch die of starvation?abecause they are killed by ghost gear.bbecause they are suffocated by ghost gear.cbecause they dont like eating plastic.dbecause they are not feeding properly.d细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，大太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。4what is the main idea of the passage?aa report about the death of marine life.bnews about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.cinformation about ocean plastic.dthe reason for inventing a machine.b主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段“scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic”点明了文章的主题。故选b。b(2019合肥市第二次教学质量检测)classifying things is critical for our daily lives.for example，we have to detect spam mail(垃圾邮件)，false political news. when we use ai，such tasks are based on “classification technology” in machine learning having the computer learn，using the boundary separating positive and negative data.for example，“positive” data would be photos including a happy face，and “negative” data photos that include a sad face.once a classification boundary is learned，the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative.however，the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process，and negative data are not available in many cases.for instance，when a retailer(零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase，they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them (positive data)，but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them(negative data)，since they do not have access to their competitors data.according to lead author takashi ishida from riken aip，“previous classification methods could not cope with the situation where negative data were not available，but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data，as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data，constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users.using our new_method，we can let computers learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence.”according to ishida，“this discovery could expand the range of applications where classification technology can be used.even in fields where machine learning has been actively used，our classification technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints(限制)in the near future，we hope to put our technology to use in various research fields，such as natural language processing，computer vision，robotics，and bioinformatics.”【语篇解读】分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。5how can the computer distinguish the positive data from the negative data?aby learning the classification boundary.bby updating the data collected regularly.cby separating happy faces and sad ones.dby introducing classification technology.a细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“once a classification boundary is learned，the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative”可知，一旦学习了分类边界，计算机就可以确定某些数据是积极的还是消极的，由此可知，计算机是通过学习分类边界来区分积极数据和消极数据的。6why is the example mentioned in paragraph 2?ato prove how important the positive data are.bto confirm that data on customers are complete.cto argue that retailers get their competitors data.dto explain why negative data are hard to acquire.d细节理解题。根据文章的第二段，尤其是第一句“however，the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process，and negative data are not available in many cases”可知，在学习过程中，它既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的，进而后面举例说明解释了为什么消极的数据很难获得。7what do the underlined words “new method” in paragraph 3 refer to?aanalyzing buying intention.bbuilding a confidence score.cassessing the active rate of app users.dequipping the computer with confidence.b推理判断题。根据文章的第三段，尤其是画线词组前一句中的“but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data，as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data，constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users”可推知，画线词组所在句表示使用这种建立信心指数的新方法，我们就可以让电脑只用积极的数据来学习，故画线词组是指建立信心指数。8what can be a suitable title for the text?athe history of classification technologybsmarter ai：machine learning without negative datacbigger data：computers assisting language processingdthe comparison between positive data and negative datab标题归纳题。通读全文可知，分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。.完形填空(2019福建省质量检查测试)every year，the fifth graders at brookstone elementary school went on a field trip to washington，d.c. terence _1_ the exciting trip，and was _2_ to go the next year.terence asked his parents _3_ if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself.his parents _4_.he had almost a year to earn $150.his first _5_ was to earn money by babysitting，and he typed a nice letter _6_ that “he would babysit during his neighbors_7_”he named a few afternoons available and said he would _8_ $1 per hour per child.after five babysitting _9_，he earned $45.when the _10_ weather arrived，terence knocked on his neighbors doors to ask if they needed help with _11_ work.he helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.after the summer was over，he earned $75.when the fall arrived，he counted his money and _12_ that he still needed $30 for his trip.soon his mom saw a(n) _13_ for a job for him.he got a job _14_ newspapers every wednesday afternoon，making 5 cents for every paper，$10 _15_ each wednesday.it wasnt long before he had _16_ money to go on the trip to washington，d.c.he was _17_ in time.the class trip was on october 15.his mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _18_ him.what a great feeling! he helped _19_ the cost of his trip.this experience _20_ terence in many ways，making his dream a reality with great efforts.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。小学生terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。1a.prepared forblaid outcreferred todheard aboutd根据空前一句可知，每年terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，terence应该是听说了这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望来年也去。d项意为“听说”，故d项正确。a项意为“为做准备”，b项意为“展开，铺开”，c项意为“涉及”，都与语境不符。2a.dyingbgratefulclucky dprouda参见上题解析。be dying to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”，故a项正确。3a.curiouslybcasuallycanxiouslydbrieflyc根据上文可知，terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他参加旅行的一半费用。c项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故c项正确。4a.submittedbagreedcbargained drefusedb根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“his mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _ him”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。5a.ideabjobcconclusiondsuggestiona根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting”“typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过代人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打了一封信，信上说(saying)在邻居不在时他可以帮他们照看孩子。6a.declaringbconfirmingcshowingdsayingd参见上题解析。7a.staybcompanycinteractiondabsencedabsence“缺席，不在”符合语境，故d项正确。8a.paybspendccharge ddonatec根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。c项意为“收费，开价”，故c项正确。9a.negotiationsbsessionscattemptsdinterviewsb根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。b项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故b项正确。10a.warm bfinecunusual dchangeablea根据下文“he helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens”可知，该处指当温暖的(warm)天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。11a.yardbpapercschooldvolunteera参见上题解析。12a.admittedbdeterminedccomplaineddinsistedb根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。13a.directorybpermitcadvertisementdemailc根据下文中他开始送报纸，并结合语境和常识可知，很快他的妈妈看到一个广告(advertisement)，为他找到了一份工作。a项意为“名录，电话簿”；b项意为“许可证”；d项意为“邮件”。14a.editingbupdatingcprintingddeliveringd根据该句中的“newspapers every wednesday afternoon，making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元；deliver newspapers意为“送报纸”，故d项正确。15a.at oncebon timecafter alldin totald参见上题解析。16a.extrabmuchcenoughdeasyc根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。17a.justbevenceverdstilla根据下文“the class trip was on october 15”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。a项意为“正好”，故a项正确。18a.owedblentcpromiseddorderedc根据上文他的父母同意给他出一半的钱可知，此处表示他的父母给了之前向他承诺的150美元的支票。c项意为“承诺”，故c项正确。19a.countbcovercestimatedreduceb根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。b项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故b项正确。20a.astonishedbshapedcexciteddimpressedb根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shape) terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。课时提能练(十四)必修3unit 7the sea(b)课时作业a：基础层面.单句语法填空1its known to us that the earth is 49 times the size of the moon.2i am trying to persuade him to_quit (quit) the attempt.3it is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring (measure) over 90 metres.4the mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.5charles often attempts to escape being_fined (fine) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.单句改错1the service here is wonderful and i think we couldnt have found better place.found后加a2dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search of survivors in the earthquake.第二个offor3sarah made that to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.thatit4last weekend i went downtown and i had trouble find somewhere to park.findfinding5bill arranged this man to show us around the museum.arranged后加for.完成句子1他能逃脱惩罚真够幸运的。(escape)he was lucky enough to_escape_punishment/being_punished.2她进了厨房，想找点喝的。(in search of)she went into the kitchen in_search_of_a_drink.3靠欺骗来谋生是错误的。(earn/make a living)its wrong to earn/make_a_living_by_cheating.4我没有你想象的那样有钱。(as.as)i havent got as_much_money_as you think.5突然，天空布满了乌云，要下雨了。(all at once，be covered with)all_at_once，the_sky_was_covered_with_dark_clouds and it was going to rain.课时作业b：能力层面.阅读理解a(2019福州质量检查)steve brosnihan is the “resident cartoonist” at the childrens hospital，who wanders from room to room drawing and chatting and doing whatever else he can think of to cheer up the sick children.during one visit，he was saying good night to a teenage patient when he had a bright idea.steve told the teenager to look out of the window after he left.outside，steve flickered(闪烁) his bike light up toward the hospital.to his surprise，the teen responded，flickering his own room lights right back.every night after that，steve flickered his light，and more and more kids flickered back.when he mentioned it to a friend working at a restaurant，the owner said he wanted in too.he started to flicker the restaurant sign for one minute every night at 8：30.soon enough，the customers started joining in with flashlights and cell phones.almost by accident，a simple action was changing into a powerful connection between local people and sick children.now more than 20 groups are on board for the 8：30 pm.flicker.every wednesday night，police officers line up their cars and flash them.even boats on the river join in to give their bright goodnight wave to kids who are going through frightening situations and sleeping in a strange place.“it is all i look forward to basically all day，” says abigail waldron，aged ten.“it just shows you that somebody is helping you through your whole experience in the hospital.”“it would be very hard not to do this，” says steve，“once you start.” the most powerful of all，he adds，comes from the families of children who have died.they continue to return to the hospital to flicker a light outside in support of children who are still patients.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了steve brosnihan在儿童医院外向医院闪烁车灯使生病的孩子振作起来的故事，后来更多的人参与到闪烁灯光的活动中。1why did steve brosnihan flicker his bike light?ato get light for the hospital.bto comfort a teenage patient.cto inform the patients of his leaving.dto expect a response from a teenager.b推理判断题。根据第一段中的“steve brosnihan is.the sick children.”和最后一段中的“they continue to.patients.”可以推知，steve brosnihan在医院外闪烁车灯是为了使生病的孩子高兴起来，是为了安慰生病的孩子。故选b项。2what does the last sentence in para.3 mean?aa small action can make a difference.bactions speak louder than words.clove makes the world go round.dgreat minds think alike.a句意理解题。句子的字面意思是：几乎是偶然间，一个简单的动作正在变为当地人和生病的孩子们之间的强有力的纽带。再根据本段中提到的steve brosnihan把自己所做的事告诉朋友后带来的影响可以推出a选项(一个小小的动作可以产生影响)符合文意。3what can we learn from waldrons words?ahe likes to flicker lights.bhe is frightened of treatment.che gets warmth from the lights.dhe likes the boat light.c推理判断题。waldron所说的话的意思是：基本上来讲这是“我”一整天所期待的，那完全向你表明了有人正在帮你度过你在医院的那段难熬的时间。