免疫学课件抗感染免疫

Anti InfectionImmunity抗感染免疫 Outline Mechanismofspecificimmunityandnon specificimmunityAntibacterialimmunityAntiviralimmunity NonspecificimmunitySpecificimmunity Innateimmunity Acquiredimmunity InnateImmunity Acquiredimmunity NonspecificImmunity Barrierstructure Macrophage Anti bacterialsubstanceinserumandbodyfluid NaturalKillerCell SpecificImmunity Mucosalimmunesystem MIS Mechanismofanti infectionimmunity Useothermicrobesasguard dogsthatkillintruders Thesearelistedfirstbecausetheyareontheoutsideofthebody andthusformthefirstlineofdefense Microbes Phagocytosis phagocytes neutrophil mononuclearphagocytesystem processandmechanism outcome completephagocytosis incompletephagocytosis tissuedamage Neutrophil Monocyte Marcrophages 中性粒细胞吞噬脑膜炎奈瑟菌 StepOne Chemotaxis StepTwo Contact StepThree Phagocytosis Pinocytosis StepFour Digest Dissolution OxygenDependent ROI RNI Myeloperoxidase MPO OxygenIndependent Acid Lysosomeandotherenzymes NK细胞 自然杀伤细胞 存在于外周血和脾脏中 因含嗜天青颗粒 又称大颗粒淋巴细胞 颗粒内主要含穿孔素和颗粒酶主要通过ADCC作用杀伤靶细胞 releasekillermediator perforin 穿孔素 necrosis granzyme 颗粒酶 apoptosis TNF necrosis apoptosis mediateADCC Recognitionandactivation Killtargetcells 1 non specific Abindependent non MHCrestriction 2 Mechanismofkillingtargetcell Tcell 分布 粘膜和上皮组织 外周血含量少 CD4 CD8 抗原识别谱 位于不同组织中的 T细胞表达不同特异性的TCR 具有不同的抗原识别特性 同一部位组织的 T具有相同的抗原识别特性 仅对同一抗原产生应答 多聚C9形成的膜攻击复合物 MAC的电镜结果 补体诱导的细胞膜穿孔损伤 GGGGooooMMMMobobobobGGGGooooMMMMobobobobGGGGooooMMMM aaaa ccccdddd aaaa ccccdddd xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx N 乙酰葡萄糖胺 1 4糖苷键 N 乙酰胞壁酸 四肽侧链 甘氨酸五肽 五肽交联桥 金黄色葡萄球菌细胞壁肽聚糖结构示意图 溶菌酶作用点 聚糖骨架 Interferon IFN definition 干扰素是由病毒或其他干扰素诱生剂刺激机体多种细胞所产生的一种具有抗病毒 抗肿瘤和免疫调节等多种生物学活性的糖蛋白 typesandproperties bindstosurfacereceptorofneighboringcells Mechanismofantiviralactivity thesynthesisofantiviralprotein AVP induce IFN byblockingthetranslationofviralproteins inhibitthereplicationofviruses AVP 2 5 Asynthetase 2 5 A合成酶 proteinkinaseR 蛋白激酶 PKR phosphodiesterase 磷酸二脂酶 degradeviralmRNA inhibittranslationofviralprotein inactivateinitiationfactorofprotein synthesis Featureofantiviralactivity inhibitreplicationofavarietyofviruses onlyinhibitreplicationofvirus species specific i e broadspectrum 广谱 non specific notkilldirectlyvirus thebody sfirst linedefenseagainstviralinfection ActionofIFNinantitumorandimmunoregulation Pathogen associatedmolecularpatterns PAMPPatternrecognitionreceptors PRRToll likereceptors TLR Pathogen associatedmolecularpatterns CHALLENGE Howcanthehostdiscriminatelargenumbersofdiversepathogensfromeachother orfromselfusingarestrictednumberofreceptors SOLUTION AllmulticellularorganismsareabletorecognizeandeliminatepathogensDespitetheirextremeheterogeneity pathogenssharehighlyconservedmolecules called pathogen associatedmolecularpatterns PAMPs 2 Mechanismofspecificimmunity 对特异性抗原产生的应答 并获得特异免疫功能 alsocalledadaptiveimmunity MucosalimmunityHumoralimmunity HI Cell mediatedimmunity CMI Mucosalimmunity Unencapsulatedsubepitheliallymphoidfoundinthegastrointestinal respiratoryandurogenitaltracts Function secreteSIgA takepartinlocalimmuneresponseandsystemicimmuneresponse i e localimmunity suchasGALT BALT tonsil physicalbarrierslikecastlewalls fencesandpalisades Mucosalimmunesystemarenotonlyphysicalbarriersbutalsomightbethehuntinggroundsofprobioticorganisms Skin membranesandMIS DC sfunctioninmucosalimmunity ImmatureDCdistributewidelyinmucousmembranePlayasabridgeconnectingthenon specificimmuneresponseandspecificimmuneresponseInteractionbetweenCDandSIgA Tcell effectorTcell CD4 Th1CD8 T CTL Tm Bcell plasmacell Ab Bm HI Ag CMI Th2 CK specificimmunity specificandmemory Humoralimmunity HI effectormolecule effect antibody Cell mediatedimmunity CMI orcellularimmunity effectorcell effect CD8 CytotoxicTlymphocyte CTL CD4 Th1 killtargetcelldirectly feature mechanism secretecytokine IL 2 IFN TNF inducecellularimmunityandDTH CTL CD4 Th1 毒力 毒素 侵袭力 外毒素 内毒素 入侵门户 入侵数量 SectionII Anti bacteriaimmunityI pathogenesisofbacteria 黏附与穿入 菌毛繁殖扩散 侵袭性酶抗吞噬与杀伤 荚膜 胞壁等 Mechanism 1 Immunityofanti extracellularbacterialinfection2 Immunityofanti intracellularbacterialinfection 1 Immunityofanti extracellularbacterialinfection extracellularbacteria exotoxin endotoxin invasiveenzymelocalpyrogenicinflammation Barrierstructure Phagocytosisofphagocyte Effectofantibodyandcomplement preventadhesion opsonization activatecomplement nutralizeexotoxin Cellularimmunity CD4 Th2 cytokine Others NKcell lysozyme defensin 2 Immunityofanti intracellularbacterialinfection intracellularbacterial intracellularparasitism byimmunopathologic injurychronicinfection Phagocytosisofphagocyte Cellularimmunity Mucosalimmunity CD4 Th1 cytokine DTH CTL SIgA interfereinadhesion LastedtimeofimmunityNonspecificimmunitySpecificimmunity Antiviralimmunity Lastedtimeofimmunity Systemicviralinfectionwithviremia Viralinfectionwithsingleserotype Viralinfectionofmuchvariableinantigenicity transientimmunity long lastingimmunity long lastingimmunity 1 Nonspecificimmunity Barriers Effectsofcells Antiviralsubstancesinnormaltissuesandbodyfluid placentabarrier M NKcell virus neutralizingantibodies neutralizeinfectivityofvirus types IgG IgM sIgA andmechanism hemagglutinationinhibitionAb inhibithemagglutination IgG IgM complementfixationAb opsonization 2 Specificimmunity Viralprotein induce B HIT CMI processingandpresenting Humoralimmunity Cell mediatedimmunity directkillingactivityofCTL antiviraleffectofCD4 Th1cell bycytolysisandcellapoptosis bycytokines bycytokines byactivatingM andNKcell HowVirusAvoidImmuneDefense I AntigenicVariation influenzavirus HIV etcII Producesomeanti IFNsubstancesIII Suppressthefunctionofimmunecells Anti fungalImmunity 1 Nonspecificimmunity2 Specificimm