halo core mass and formation of starsucolick observatory暗晕的质量核心和恒星形成ucolick天文台课件

DetectionandCharacterizationofJovianPlanets D N C LinUniversityofCalifornia SantaCruzwith ExoPlanetTaskForceNationalScienceFoundationFeb20th 2007 S Ida H Li S L Li I Dobbs Dixon J L Zhou M Nagasawa P Garaud E Thommes R Lange G Ogilvie S J Aarseth M Evonuk DougLin 48slides Mass perioddistribution AcontinuouslogarithmicperioddistributionApile upnear3daysandanotherpileupnear2 3yearsDoesthemassfunctiondependontheperiod Isthereanedgetotheplanetarysystems Doesthemassfunctiondependonthestellarmassor Fe H 2 48 Dependenceonthestellar Fe H Santos Fischer Valenti FrequencyofJovian massplanetsincreasesrapidlywith Fe H But theESP smassandperioddistributionareinsensitiveto Fe H Isthereacorrelationbetween Fe H hotJupiters Domultiplesystemstendtoassociatedwithstarswithhigh Fe H 3 48 DependenceonM 1 hJincreaseswithM 2 MpandapincreasewithM DoeccentricityandmultiplicitydependonM 4 48 Multiplesystems DiversityinmassdistributionResonantsystemwithlimitedmassWhatfractionofJovianmassplanetsresideinmultiplesystems Ismultiplicitymorecorrelatedwith Fe H orM thansingleplanets 5 48 Planetaryinterior diversestructure Fe H HD149026b 67earth masscore 6 48 Avenuesofplanetformation 7 48 Diskevolution 8 48 Protostellardisks Gas dust 100 Dabrisdisks Gas dust 0 01 onlyexternaldiskbutaccretingstar Transitionaldisks Hillenbrand Meyer2000 Innerdisksdisappear 10Myr aPer Pleiades Hyades UrsaMajor TWHyd N2264 IC348 L1641b Lupus Cha ONC N7128 LHa101 Taurus L1641y MonR2 N1333 CrA Trap N2024 rOph 0 1 1 10 100 1Gyr Age Myr 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 Fractionofdisks 9 48 Gasaccretionrate Potentialobservationalsignatures CoexistenceofgasandsolidphasevolatileicesEvolutionofsnowline 10 48 Condensationsequence Meteorites Dry chondrules CAI s Icymoons 11 48 SignsofCrystallinegrains Bouwman Apai 12 48 13 48 Chondriticmeteorites Limitedsizerange sm cm Glasstexture flashheating AgedifferencewithCAI s Matrixglue abundance Weaktensilestrength Formationtimescale2 3Myr 14 48 Fromdusttoplanetesimals Retentionofheavyelements tgrowth Sdustbuttdecay Sgas 15 48 Feedingzones D 10rHillIsolationmass Misolation S1 5a3 Fromplanetesimalstoembryos Initialgrowth runaway 16 48 Growthduringgasdepletion Rapiddamping manysmallresidualembryos Slowdamping largeeccentricityDelicatebalance Kominami Ida SeparationofeccentricityExcitationanddampingisNeeded 17 48 type IImigration planet sperturbation viscousdiffusion type Imigration disktorqueimbalance Disk planettidalinteractions viscousdiskaccretion Goldreich Tremaine 1979 Ward 1986 1997 Tanakaetal 2002 Lin Papaloizou 1985 18 48 Competition Mgrowth adecay Hyper solarnebulax30 Metalenhancementdoesnotalwayshelp needtoslowdownmigration 10Myr1Myr0 1Myr Limitingisolationmass 19 48 Embryos typeImigration 10Mearth Coolerandinvisicdisks Warmerdisks 20 48 Mass growthvs orbital decay LossduetoTypeImigrationJovian massESP sarerarearoundlate typestars Embryos migrationtimescale Outerembryosarebetterpreservedonlyaftersignificantgasdepletion Critical masscore Mp 5Mearth 21 48 Preferredcradlesofgasgiants snowline Limitedby Isolationslowgrowth 22 48 Accretionontocores Challenges Coregrowth perturbationslowdown planetesimalgaps Ida Radiationtransferefficiencygrainsurvival opacity Podolak 3 LowglobalSdust Bryden Pollacketal Bodenheimer Korycansky 23 48 Giantimpacts DiversityincoremassSpinorientationSurvivalofsatellitesRetentionofatmosphere 24 48 Latebombardmentofplanetesimals FlowintotheRochelobe Bondiradius Rb GMp cs2 Hill sradius Rh Mp 3M 1 3a Diskthickness H csa Vk Rb Rh 31 3 Mp M 2 3 a H 2decreaseswithM 25 48 H a 0 07 H a 0 04 EffectoftypeImigration 26 48 Habitableplanets M saccuracy Theperioddistribution TypeIImigration Diskdepletionversusmigration 27 48 short periodcutoff Stoppingmechanisms 1 magnetosphericcavity2 stellartidalbarrier3 protoplanetaryconsumption4 planetarytidaldisruption Prediction 90 disruptionofhotJupitersBimodalQ prevalenceof1 dayplanets Ogilvie TidalinflationBodenheimer 28 48 Stellarmetallicity massloss circularizationofhotJupiters EarlyformationExtensivemigrationHighmortalityratePlanetarymasslossTidalcircularizationSignsofevolution Transits atmosphere structure 29 48 periodcutoffs depletionvsgrowthtime Icegiants Collisionsvsejections Prediction periodfall offTest gravitationallense 30 48 Themassdistribution Originofdesert Runawaygasaccretion Bryden 31 48 Metallicitydependence Fe H Twodeterminingfactorsfortheslope Heavyelementretentionefficiency growthvsaccretionGrowthrateandisolationmassofembryos 32 48 Stellarmass metallicity 33 48 Moredataneededforhighandlow massstars Multipleplanets a Inducedformationofmultiplegiantsb Resonantplanetsc Formationtimescalecomparabletomigration Bryden 34 48 Migration freesweepingsecularresonances ResonantsecularperturbationMdisk Mp Ward Ida Nagasawa UpsAnd Transitionaldisks 35 48 Dynamicalshakeup Nagasawa Thommes Bode slaw dynamicallyporousterrestrialplanetsorbitswithloweccentricitieswithwideseparation 36 48 Migration Collisions damping ClearingoftheasteroidbeltEarlierformationofMarsSunwardplanetesimals Lateformation 10 50Myr Giant embryoimpactsLoweccentricities stableorbits 37 48 Giantimpact lunarformation LunarmaterialsimilartotheEarth scrust Formationafterthedifferentiation 30Myr Mars sizeimpactorPostimpactcircularorbit Formationafter60MyrFormationon30 60Myr 38 48 Sweepingclearofplanetesimals Sweepingsecularresonance gasdragbPic Duncan Nagasawa 39 48 Lastmeltingeventsofchondrules Flashheating LargeS evaporationMediumS meltingSmallS preservation 40 48 SweepingsecularresonanceinESP s Excitationofe tidalinflationinHD209458 disruptionin55CanGu Ogilvie Bodenheimer Laughlin Rotationalflattening precessionNagasawa Mardling TriplesystemaroundUpsAnd 41 48 FormationofwarmNeptunes Jupiter Saturnsecularinteraction multipleextrasolarsystems RelativisticdetuninginmArae 42 48 PostDepletionDynamicalStability Dynamicalfillingfactor eexcitation chaos 43 48 Rayleighdistribution Meanmotionresonancecapture Tidaldecayoutofmeanmotionresonance Novak Lai ImpactenlargementRejuvenationofgasGiant HD209458b Guillot DetectionprobabilityofhotEarthNarayan Cumming MigrationofgasgiantscanleadTotheformationofhotearthImplicationforCOROT Zhou 44 48 A2Mearth hotrock planetina7 dorbitobservedfor6monthswithAPF 1 3m sprecision Easilydetected Butthisshort periodplanetismuchtoohotforhabitability 45 48 FrequencyofEarth 46 48 1Mearthplanetina35 dhabitable zoneorbitaroundanearbyMdwarf observedfor6monthswitha9 telescopeglobalarray 2 0m sprecision Easydetection 47 48 Sequentialaccretionscenariosummary Damping highSleadstorapidgrowth largeisolationmasses Jupiterformedpriortothefinalassemblageofterrestrialplanetswithinafe