上海市交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）.doc

上海市交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）第i卷. grammar and vocabulary (28+10+10”)section adirections: beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1._ has been done to develop the habit of reading aloud in the morning, his pronunciation remains a serious problem.a. in spite of thatb. despite whatc. although hed. though what【答案】b【解析】【详解】考查介词和连接代词。句意：尽管已经采取了措施来培养早晨大声朗读的习惯，但是他的发音仍然是个严重的问题。分析句子可知，despite为介词后接宾语从句作宾语，宾语从句中缺少主语，所以由连词代词what来充当宾语从句的主语。故选b项。2._ is the centre of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the middle ages.a. its the sun and not the earthb. the sun and not the earthc. being the sun and not the earthd. that the sun and not the earth【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查主语从句。句意：太阳而不是地球是我们行星系统的中心，这在中世纪是一个很难理解的概念。分析句子可知，整个句子为主系表结构，was为系动词，它之前的都为主语，且主语由句子来充当，句子结构以及句意完整，所以连词代词为that。故选d项。【点睛】当that用作连接词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，that在从句中既不充当任何成分，也无实际意义，仅起着连接句子的作用。一般不可省略。分析句子可知，整个句子为主系表结构，was为系动词，它之前的都为主语，且主语由句子来充当，句子结构以及句意完整，所以连词代词为that。故选d项。3.it is far better for one to drink milk, _ one gets health nutrients, than to drink coffee, _ contains no nutrients at all.a. that whichb. which whichc. which thatd. from which which【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查介词+关系代词和关系代词。句意：对一个人来说，喝牛奶比喝咖啡要好得多，因为牛奶能给人带来健康的营养，而咖啡根本不含营养。分析句子可知， milk为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句作from的宾语。再分析句子， coffee为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语中作contain的主语。所以第一个空为from which, 第二个空为which。故选d项。【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知， milk为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句作from的宾语。再分析句子， coffee为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语中作contain的主语。所以第一个空为from which, 第二个空为which。故选d项。4.it is important that parents know of any situation _ can be of great significance to their childrens behavior and school performance.a. whichb. where itc. whatd. that【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查关系代词。句意：重要的是，家长应该知道任何对孩子的行为和在校表现有重大意义的情况。分析句子可知，situation为先行词，且被any修饰，在后面的限制性定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词只能为that。故选d项。【点睛】定语从句只用that的情况1. 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。6. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。分析句子可知，situation为先行词，且被any修饰，在后面的限制性定语从句中，作主语，所以关系代词只能为that。故选d项。5.when they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the shop assistant brought out a cheap one, _ she has arranged with james.a. which was thatb. what was thatc. which was whatd. that was that【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查关系代词和连接代词。句意：当他们走进商店，要求看一下订婚戒指时，服务员拿出一个便宜的，事先她与詹姆斯已经安排好的那个。分析句子可知，a cheap one为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句作主语，所以关系代词为which，定语从句为主系表结构，was为系动词，后接从句作表语，在表语从句中，arrange缺少宾语，所以由what来充当宾语。故选c项。【点睛】what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句.what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”，“所的”，“的样子”等。二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语，宾语或表语。分析句子可知，a cheap one为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句作主语，所以关系代词为which，定语从句为主系表结构，was为系动词，后接从句作表语，表语从句中，arrange缺少宾语，所以由what来充当宾语。故选c项。6.it was with deep sadness that the house of chanel announced the passing of karl lagerfeld, _ talent for all the branding campaigns related to fashion it benefited since 1987.a. of whichb. whosec. of whomd. from whose【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查介词和关系代词。句意：house of chanel深感悲伤地宣布卡尔拉格菲尔德的去世，卡尔拉格菲尔德自1987年以来一直致力于所有与时尚相关的品牌宣传活动，令香奈儿受益匪浅。分析句子可知，本句有两个定语从句。karl lagerfeld为先行词，作talent的定语。所以关系代词为whose。在分析第二个定语从句，it benefited from 缺少宾语，所以whose talent for all the branding campaigns related to fashion 又作from的宾语。故选d项。7.who _ for the us government shutdown after president donald trump and the us congress failed to pass the bill to extend federal funding?a. you suppose to blameb. do you suppose to blamec. you suppose is to blamed. do you suppose is to blame【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查插入语。句意：在唐纳德特朗普总统和美国国会未能就延长联邦资金的法案达成一致之后，你认为谁应该为美国政府的关闭负责。分析句子可知，do you suppose 为插入语，后面句子为陈述语序。故选d项。8. a modern city has been set up in_was wasteland ten years ago.a. whatb. whichc. thatd. where【答案】a【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句连接代词。句意：十年前是一片荒地的地方建起了一座现代化的城市。该空所填词要作介词in的宾语，且作从句的主语，由此可以排除b，因为where是关系副词，只能作状语。连接代词what引导一个宾语从句，“是一个什么样的地方”。故选a。9.if he had a real talent for painting, a painter he should be; if not, he must take to some other craft, _he would have the chance of making himself a decent livelihood.a. whereb. whichc. whatd. when【答案】a【解析】【详解】考查关系副词。句意： 如果他真的有绘画天赋，他应该是一个画家;如果没有的话，他就必须改行谋生，在那里他有机会过上体面的生活。分析句子可知，craft为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选a项。10.the order came the soldiers the small village the next morning.a. that; had to leaveb. that; should leavec. /; must leaved. when; should leave【答案】b【解析】【详解】考查从句连词和虚拟语气。句意：士兵们第二天早上离开这个小村子这个命令传来。第一空为同位语从句，作order的同位语，从句中不缺少成分，所以选择that，order后面的从句中要使用虚拟语气，即sb should do sth,所以选择b。11. the question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research.a. thatb. whichc. whetherd. that if【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意为：会议上，我们是否有足够的研究经费这个问题出现了。根据句子结构可知，该句为同位语从句，作question的同位语，从句中不缺少成分，但是缺少“是否”的意思。故选c。12.the date 5.12 is a special number, _ i think that will be remembered by the chinese forever.a. whatb. whichc. itd. one【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：5月12日是一个特殊数字，我想这将被中国人永远记住。分析句子可知，one用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于aan名词。由“ a special number”可知，本句用one来指代 a special number作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语。故选d项。【点睛】i.itone that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词.一般说来,it指代同名同物，能用作形式主语或者形式宾语。 one与that则指代同名异物.2.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于aan名词; that为特指,相当于the 名词.所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 aan some any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the this that.3.one只能代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用 those.4.one既可代替事物,也可代替人,that只能代替事物而不能代替人.有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those.5.one一般有前置修饰语,有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语.而 that不能有前置修饰语。分析句子可知，one用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于aan名词。由“ a special number”可知，本句用one来指代 a special number作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语。故选d项。13.the beast said that the made a promise _ anyone released him from the cage, he would make his wish come true.a. thatb. whenc. that ifd. if【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查连接词和状语从句。句意：野兽说他许下了一个诺言，如果有人把他从笼子里放出来，他就会实现他的愿望。分析句子可知，promise后接同位语从句，同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整，所以连接词为that。同位语从句为if引导的条件状语从句。故选c项。14.she liked the souvenir of “mozart lopera rock” so much that she would like to take it _ it cost.a. how muchb. whatc. whateverd. however【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：她非常喜欢“莫扎特歌剧摇滚”的纪念品，所以她想不惜一切代价买下它。分析句子可知，that后的从句为让步状语从句，whatever作cost的宾语。故选c项。15.such tourists _ have visited shanghai all think that a visit to shanghai cannot be complete without a stroll along the bund.a. whob. thatc. asd. whoever【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查关系代词。句意：去过上海的游客都认为，不沿着外滩漫步，上海之旅就不完整。分析句子可知，本句为suchas引导的定语从句，tourists 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语。故选c项。16.the shabby house collapsed _ the soldier could help the old woman out.a. whenb. beforec. afterd. until【答案】b【解析】【详解】考查从属连词。句意：士兵还没来得及把老妇人扶出来，破旧的房子就倒塌了。分析句子可知，before意为“尚未就”，“没来得及就”，常用于before sb. can/ could。故选b项。【点睛】before用法总结1. before作为连词时的基本意义是“在之前”，用于表示时间或顺序。2. 表示“过了多久才”，说明主句的持续时间比较长而从句的动作缓缓来迟。3. 表示从句动作还没来得及发生或完成，主句动作就已经发生或完成了，意为“尚未就”，“没来得及就”，常用于before sb. can/ could。4. 表示“以免，以防，趁还没有”，强调动作的必要性，以避免或防止从句动作的发生。5. 用于 “it will be/would be一段时间before”句型中，表示“还要过多长时间才”；用于“it was一段时间before”句型中，表示“过了多长时间才”，强调时间的“长”。6. 用于句型“it wont be/was not一段时间before”中，意为“不久就”，“没过多长时间就”，强调时间的“短”。分析句子可知，before意为“尚未就”，“没来得及就”，常用于before sb. can/ could。故选b项。17.to understand the nature of this challenge, we must first come to terms_ a physical field.a. with the concept ofb. without regard ofc. independence ofd. out of the question of【答案】a【解析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意：为了理解这一挑战的本质，我们必须首先理解物理场的概念。a. with the concept of有概念；b. without regard of不考虑；c. independence of独立于；d. out of the question of不可能。with the concept of“有概念”符合句意。故选a项。18.the references i have made to light and existence only touch the surface of a very _ debate.a. complicatedb. confusedc. contentd. confident【答案】a【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我所提到的光和光的存在只触及了一个非常复杂的争论的表面。a. complicated复杂的；b. confused困惑的；c. content满足的；d. confident自信的。由“touch the surface ”可知，complicated “复杂的”符合句意。故选a项。19.what “wandering earth” wants to _ viewers is the faith in mans strong will power to make the impossible possible.a. communicate withb. consider aboutc. share withd. interpret about【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：“流浪的地球”想与观众分享的是人类强大意志力量的信念使不可能的事情成为可能。a. communicate with与交流；b. consider about思考；c. share with分享；d. interpret about解释。share with“分享”符合句意。故选c项。20.its hard to imagine that a white man should become the driver of a black man, serving and _ him all the way to the south of the usa in the 1960s.a. approvingb. agreeingc. attendingd. accepting【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难想象一个白人会成为一个黑人的司机，在20世纪60年代一路为他服务并陪伴他到达美国南部。a. approving批准；b. agreeing同意；c. attending陪伴；d. accepting接受。由“serving”可知，attending“陪伴”符合句意。故选c项。21.the doctor and nurses_ all night at the bedside of the patient, who was getting even worse.a. lookedb. guardedc. defendedd. watched【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生和护士整夜守在病人床边，病人的病情越来越严重。a. looked看；b. guarded守卫；c. defended防御；d. watched观察，看守。病人的病情越来越严重，所以医生和护士整夜守在病人床边。故watched“观察，看守”符合句意。故选d项。22.european _ with nigeria dated back to the 15th century, when portuguese merchants _ the ancient city of benin.a. exchange called forb. contact called atc. convey called offd. communication called on【答案】b【解析】【详解】考查名词短语和动词短语辨析。句意：欧洲与尼日利亚的联系可以追溯到15世纪，当时葡萄牙商人造访了贝宁古城。a. exchange交换 called for 要求；b. contact联系 called at造访某地；c. convey传递 called off取消；d. communication交流 called on某人故由“dated back to the 15th century”可知，contact“联系”符合句意。由“the ancient city of benin”可知，called at“造访某地”符合句意。故选b项。23.no matter where he goes and no matter who he encounters, he would like to follow his fathers advice and _ the best upon mind.a. bearb. impressc. gatherd. put【答案】b【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论他去哪里，无论他遇到谁，他都愿意听从父亲的建议，把最好的东西铭记在心。a. bear忍受；b. impress使铭记；c. gather收集；d. put放置。由“follow his fathers advice ”可知，impress“使铭记”符合句意。故选b项。24.it is incredible that my courage and bravery have been called into _ by people who have never spoken to me.a. attentionb. effortc. questiond. consciousness【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人难以置信的是，我的勇气和勇敢遭到了从未与我交谈过的人的质疑。a. attention注意力；b. effort努力；c. question质疑；d. consciousness意识。由“incredible”可知， question“质疑”符合句意。故选c项。25.he is opposed to applying the theory to classroom teaching. it doesnt _ that he is more a theorist than a pragmatist.a. questionb. wonderc. doubtd. follow【答案】d【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他反对将这一理论应用于课堂教学。这并不能由此推断他与其说实用主义者，不如说是一个理论家。a. question质疑；b. wonder想知道；c. doubt怀疑d. follow随后到来。it dosent follow that“不能由此推断”为固定短语且符合句意。故选d项。26.i was _ asking him what that work might be, but something in his manner showed me that the question would be an unwelcome one.a. at the edge ofb. on the point ofc. in the case ofd. at the mercy of【答案】b【解析】【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我正要问他那份工作可能是什么，但从他的态度看来，这个问题是不受欢迎的。a. at the edge of在边缘； b. on the point of正要; c. in the case of在.情况下; d. at the mercy of在支配下。be on the point of doing sth“正要做某事”符合句意。故选b项。27.green hand as he is, his lack of experience is _by a willingness to learn.a. bewilderedb. balancedc. delightedd. presented【答案】b【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他是个新手，但是他愿意学习来弥补经验的缺乏。a. bewildered 使困惑；b. balanced平衡；c. delighted使高兴；d. presented 赠送。分析句子可知，本句为as引导的让步状语从句，由“his lack of experience ，willingness to learn”可知，be balanced by“被.平衡”符合句意。故选b项。28.one way to stay away from the strong sunlight is to _ some sun-cream to your body before you have to be exposed to the sun.a. replyb. complyc. applyd. supply【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：远离强烈阳光的一个方法是在你必须暴露在阳光下之前，在你的身体上涂抹一些防晒霜。故a. reply回复；b. comply服从；c. apply应用；d. supply提供。apply sth to sth“把应用于.”为固定短语且符合句意。选c项。section b(a)directions: complete the following passages by using the words in the box. each word can only be used once. note that there is one word more than you need.hundreds of years ago, charles darwin predicted that facial expressions of emotion are _29_. if youve ever seen an episode of the popular us tv drama lie to me, you will really understand facial expressions. the leading actor of the show, dr. cal lightman has spent 20 years studying nonverbal communication and facial expressions, which allows him to point out other peoples studying nonverbal communication and facial expressions which allows him to point out other peoples _30_ and on many occasions, to be skilled at tricking in order to get the truth.is there really much truth behind this science of _31_ human emotions through expressions? paul ekman, a(n) _32_ psychologist whose work focuses on mapping facial expressions, is lie to mes scientific advisor and the following are some of his explanations.hand-to-face gesture indicates a lie.each micro-expression is unique to _33_ specific emotions because the person is often unaware of doing it. but it doesnt necessarily mean that they are lying when someone uses a hand to hide part of his face. the person could be holding back information but you may better consider looking at other more important clues rather than just the simple hand-to-face gesture.a liar refuses eye contact.people look away when they are thinking carefully and considering each word before it is spoken, not just when they are _34_ an excuse. oblique eyebrows are a very reliable _35_of sadness and few people can make this _36_ expression, so it is actually never faked.guilty knowledge technique is _37_.lightman often uses the guilty knowledge technique, mentioning something that only the guilty person will know about and show a(n)_38_. this is often used in polygraph exams: “was the person strangled, shot or stabbed to death?” only the killer knows and is likely to respond physiologically when the actual weapon is mentioned.【答案】29. bc 30. ac 31. abc 32. ad 33. b 34. c 35. d 36. a 37. cd 38. ab【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了paul ekman通过一些面部表情来解释人的情感。【29题详解】考查形容词。分析句子可知，本句为主系表结构，所以空处应填形容词，再由“if youve ever seen an episode of the popular us tv drama lie to me, you will really understand facial expressions.”可知，空处填universal“普遍的”。故填bc。【30题详解】考查名词。由“peoples ”可知，空处应填名词。再由“be skilled at tricking”可知，空处应填名词deception“欺骗”。故填ac。【31题详解】考查动名词。of为介词后接动名词作宾语，由“explanations”可知，空处填interpreting“解释”。故填 abc。【32题详解】考查动名词。paul ekman是一名出名的心理学家。所以空处应填形容词renowned“出名的”修饰名词psychologist。故填ad。【33题详解】考查动名词。to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。signaling“示意”符合句意。故填 b。【34题详解】考查名词。分析句子可知，本句为现在进行时，由“excuse”可知，inventing“编造”符合句意。故填c。【35题详解】考查形容词。reliable为形容词修饰名词。由“oblique eyebrows，sadness”可知，空处填名词indication“反映”。故填d。【36题详解】考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词，由“few”可知，空处填involuntary“非自愿的”。故填a。【37题详解】考查形容词。本句为主系表结构，空处应填形容词，effective“有效的”符合句意。故填cd。【38题详解】考查名词。a后接名词，由“respond”可知，空处填名词reaction“反应”。故填ab。(b)directions: complete the following passages by using the words in the box. each word can only be used once. note that there is one word more than you need.the elementary means of communicating with other people is conveying messages by voice. this fact is widely acknowledged and we recognize the voice as a(n) _39_ characterizing the identity of a person. the array of voices is immeasurable as no two are exactly similar. they can be nasal, resonant or shrill produced in accordance with the individual physical_40_ of the throat.one possible implementation of the _41_ of voice recognition is voice profiling used by police analysts as a method of substantiating court evidence in trials. every year, thousands of audiotapes with recorded interviews or _42_ utterances are put to the purpose to help identify the probable _43_. specialists dealing with the voice investigation claim that people can give themselves away by their _44_, inflections or other voice attributes like pitch, intensity and loudness. a recorded sample is usually _45_ into electric impulses and later transformed into a pictorial recoding which is processed by a computer program. very frequently voice analyst have a stake at deciphering the relevant information which may be _46_ with background noise or other interfering sounds until they attain the _47_ results.thankfully, these efforts help the police detect individuals who threaten their victims by phone or inform about bomb _48_ or those who make offensive calls disturbing the peach of decent citizens.【答案】39. c 40. bc 41. b 42. d 43. bd 44. cd 45. abc 46. a 47. ad 48. a【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文说明了声音在警方处理案件时发挥着重要的作用。【39题详解】考查名词。a为冠词后接名词，由“characterizing the identity of a person”可知，空处填名词feature“特征”。故填c 。【40题详解】考查名词复数。physical 为形容词修饰名词，properties“ 特性；属性”为可数名词且符合句意。通常用复数形式。故填bc。【41题详解】考查名词。the为冠词后接名词，由“ voice recognition ”可知，空处填art“技术”。故填b 。【42题详解】考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词，or连接的是“audiotapes with recorded interviews ”和“_4_ utterances ”。所以判断出空处填casual“随意的”。和故填d。【43题详解】考查名词。形容词probable修饰名词，suspect“嫌疑人”符合句意。故填bd。【44题详解】考查名词。their为形容词性物主代词修饰名词。由“inflections or other voice attributes like pitch, intensity and loudness.”可知，空处填名词accents“口音”。故填cd。【45题详解】考查动词。be converted into “被转化成”为固定短语。且符合句意。故填abc 。【46题详解】考查动词。由“ background noise or other interfering sounds ”可知，be planting with“与植入”。符合句意。故填a 。【47题详解】考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词。desired“想得到的”符合句意。故填ad。【48题详解】考查动名词。由“threaten their victims”可知，空处填planting“安置”。bomb planting“安置炸弹”。故填a。. reading comprehensionsection adirections: for each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked a, b, c and d. fill in each blank wi