英国饮食文化中的高贵与务实毕业论文.doc

山西大学继续教育学院毕 业 论 文类 别 函 授 站 点 临汾教学点 年 级 2013级 专 业 英语教育 层 次 专升本 姓 名 张佳佳 学 号 手 机论文题目 NobilityandPragmatisminBritishFoodCulture矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。论 文 评 语建议成绩 答辩教师 年 月 日NobilityandPragmatisminBritishFoodCultureAbstract InBritishnationalCharacter,therearetwodistinctiveaspects:nobilityandpragmatism.Britishsnobilityandpragmatismisnotacquittingthemselveswellinallaspectofsociallife,butalsoshowthemselvesintheBritishfoodculture.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。Britainhasalongfoodanddrinkculture.Inthelongdevelopment,Britishfoodanddrinkformsitsownsystemandbecomeanimportantpartintheworld.ThecharacterofnobilityandpragmatismshowthemselvesinmanyBritishfoodsanddrink.Theafternoonteaistherepresentativeofshowingnobility.Pragmatismmainlyembodiesinthepursuingofnutrientinfoodmaterial,thesimplecookingmethodandtheideaofeatingofBritish残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。BritishsnobilityandpragmatismwhichrevealinBritishfoodanddrinkissignificant.TheygiveothercountriespeoplewhohavenotbeentoBritainagoodimpression.ForeignersrealizeBritishsnobilityandpragmatismthroughBritainsfoodanddrinkandgetagoodimpressionaboutBritain.ThatgoodimpressioncontributestoimprovementofBritainsnationalstatus.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。Keywords:Britishfood;NationalCharacter;nobility;pragmatism;彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。英国饮食文化中的高贵与务实 摘要英国人的民族性格中有非常与众不同的两点：高贵与务实。英国人高贵与务实不仅表现在社会生活的方方面面，其中也包括表现在饮食方面。謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。英国有很长的饮食文化历史，在漫长的发展过程中，英国饮食形成了自己的体系，也变成了世界饮食中重要的一部分，英国人民族个性中的高贵和务实在英国的许多食物中都得到了表现，其中高贵品质主要表现在下午茶中，务实品质主要表现在对食物原料营养的追求，对简单烹饪方法的追求以及在饮食观上的体现。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。饮食中所表现出来的英国人民族个性中的高贵与务实有一个重要的意义。那就是给没有去过英国的外国人一种好的印象。外国人通过英国的饮食了解到英国人的高贵与务实使他们对英国产生一种好的印象。这种好的印象有助于英国国际地位的提高。茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。关键词：民族个性;英国；茶；食物;高贵;务实ContentsAbstract3鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。摘要4籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。Contents5預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。NobilityandPragmatisminBritishNationalCharacter8渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。1.1TheSourceofNobilityinBritishhistory8铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。1.2PragmatisminBritishHistoryCulture9擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。NobilityinBritishDrinkAfternoonTea10贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。2.1NobilityintheOriginationandDevelopmentofAfternoonTea10坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。2.2NobilityintheEtiquetteofAfternoonTea13蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。PragmatisminBritishFoodandBritishsFoodConception15買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。3.1PragmatisminFoodMaterialsandCookingMethods15綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。3.2PragmatisminBritishsFoodConception18驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。TheSignificanceofNobilityandPragmatisminBritishFoodandDrink20猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。4.1TheSignificanceofNobilityinFoodConception20锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。4.2TheSignificanceofPragmatisminFoodStyle21構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。Conclusion22輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。Bibliography25尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。Introduction BritainisoneofWesternEuropeancountries,itslocationonthewestsideoftheAtlanticcontinental,its50degreesNlatitudeinthenorth,duetotheregulationoftheNorthAtlanticoceancurrentsandwesterlywindsblowingthroughouttheyear,acool,temperatemaritimeclimatewithrainthroughouttheyear.Majordevelopmentsare:plantedforagecropsandpasture,andthedevelopmentofdairyfarming,butbecauseoftheirownfoodandlivestockproductsarenotself-sufficiency,torelyonimports,somuchsothatthedishesarecookedbyexternalinformationontheringshadow.However,theUKitselfisahistorical,culturalhistoryofthecountry,sohowmuchfoodtheystillretaintheoldtraditionofeatinghabitsandcookingskillsinclever.Logicallyspeaking:theBritisharegenerallymorepopularwayofcooking:braise,grill,friedandfried.Ofmeat,seafood,gamehasauniquewayofcooking;However,theyhavebeefinspecialpreferences,suchasbarbecuebeef(ROASTEDBEEF),whenthefoodisnotonlyaccompaniedbyseasonalvegetables,bakedpotato,alsowilladdalittlemustardonsteaksauce;theuseofthesauceislikebutterandwine;thespicesonthemeatlikeKou,cinnamonandotherfreshspices.识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。BetterknownBritishfooddishare:beef,kidneyssent(STEAKKIDNEYPIE),friedfishrow(ENGLISHFISHCHIP),Royalcreamofchicken(CHICKENALAKING)andsoon.Britishlikehunting,huntinginonlyonceayearperiod,therearemanyhotelsandrestaurantswilllaunchagamedinner,suchasdeer(VENISON),rabbits(HARE),pheasant(PHEASANT),goat(WILDSHEEP)suchascooking.Andgeneralcookinggame,theberriesareusedorsomeginandwine,thispracticeistoremovethesmellofmuttonsmellthefooditself.凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。Theyareveryparticularaboutbreakfast,butoh!Britishrestaurantsinthesupplyofawidevarietyofmealshavefruitjuice,fruit,eggs,meat,wheatporridge,bread,jamandcoffee.恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。Andnowadaysthepopularafternoontea(HIGHTEA)ispassedfromtheUnitedKingdom,therearemorewell-knownVictoria-styleVICTORIANSTYLE),thecontentcanbesaidtobeall-inclusive,includingallkindsofsmallpoints,spongecake，fruittarts(TARTE)andsandwiches.鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。NobilityandpragmatismarethetwodistinctaspectsinBritishnationalcharacter.ThetwoaredevelopingfromBritishlonghistoryandgivegreatimpacttothesociety.TheyalsoinfluenceBritishfoodanddrink.硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。Britainisanotionwhoiscrazyfornobility.IntheBritishfoodanddrink,afternoonteaisthemostexcellentrepresentativetoembodynobility,oneofthereasonswhyafternoonteaissopopularisthatenjoyingafternoonteajustlikeenjoyinganoblelife.FormostordinaryBritishthatenjoyingafternoonteajustlikesenjoyingamomentofnoblelife.阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。 BritishfoodsmaterialcookingmethodandBritishpeoplesideaofeatingembodyBritainspragmatism.Theypursuenutrientbutnottaste.Britishpeopledonotcareabouttaste.Theybelievenutrientismoreimportantthantaste.氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。 BritishsnobilityandpragmatismwhichdisplayinBritishfoodanddrinkhasasignificantmeaning.TheygiveothercountriespeoplewhohavenotbeentoBritainagoodimpression.ThatgoodimpressionisanationaltreasurebecauseithelpsBritaintoimproveitsnationalstatusintheworld.釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。ChapterOneNobilityandPragmatisminBritishNationalCharacter怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。TherearetwothingswhichdifferremarkablyintheEnglishnotionalcharacter:nobilityandpragmatism.Thejuxtapositionofthetwofeaturesisratherrareinothercountriesaswellastheirnationalcharacters.TheyarethemostimportanttwofeatureswhichdistinguishtheEnglishnationoutofothers.谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。1.1TheSourceofNobilityinBritishhistoryNobility,partoftheEnglishnationalcharacter,isgenerallyrecognized.ThereasonfortheformationoftheunrivallednobilitydatesbacktotheperiodonethousandyearsagowhenEnglandwasinvadedbyFrance.TheFrencharistocratsdisdainedthepopulaceofEngland.TheywereunwillingtoliveliketheseEnglishcommonpeople.Thoughtheirownspeciallifestyleandexperience,theFrencharistocratsdisplayedtheirnobility.FortheancientEnglishmen,thegracefullifestyleoftheFrencharistocratswastheaspirationfortheentireAnglo-Saxonnation.ThisistherootoftheEnglishmenslongingforgracefullife.Inthefollowingyears,thispeculiaraspirationoftheEnglishpeoplehasgraduallyturnedintoanationalhabit.ThemonarchyexistedinEnglandmorethanonethousandyears.Theupperclassalwayshasgreatinfluenceontheaveragepeople.嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。Forexample,KnifeandforkplacementaregreatimportancetothetraditionalBritishtablemannerswhounderstandthesemayberegardedasthedetailsofmanyeducatedpeoplehereandbrieflyexplaintheneedfortherestoftheBritishinthepractice.Dinnerforeightshaped,half-wayifthetemporarydiningrestforashortknifeandforkpointscanputaplateandforkbladetiprelativetoAshapeoreight-shaped,knifetowardhimself,thatstillcontinuetoeat.Ifyouaretalking,youcanholdknifeandfork,noneedtogo,butneedtomakegestures,itshouldbeputdownknifeandfork,donotbearmedwithknifeandfork,wavingintheairshaking.熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。TheEnglishsocietypursuesthenoblelifeoftheupperclasswiththegreatest enthusiasmoftheworld.TheEnglishpeopleregarditassomekindoffashion.Thoughthepursuitofaristocratic,theyhavealreadybroughtthequalityofdignityintothestandardtojudgewhetheramaniswelleducated.Aftermorethanonthousandyearsaccumulation,thequalityofnobilityhasbrandeddeeplyonthemindofboththeEnglisharistocratsandthepopulace.Asaresult,nobilityhasbecomeaveryimportantpartoftheEnglishnationalcharacternowadays.鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。1.2PragmatisminBritishHistoryCulturePragmatism,whichisanindispensablepartoftheEnglishnationalcharacter,isgenerallyrecognized.Itisanationwheredaydreamandemptytalkscanhardlyexisted.Peoplethereliketotrytheirbesttorealizewhattheythinkabout.Inthehistoryofthecountry,Englishpeoplealwaysemphasizethespiritofpragmatism.Especiallyintheperiodofindustrialrevolution,thequalityofpragmatismhasbeenfulldemonstrated.Theydidallkindsofcreationandinventionwiththespiritofpragmatism.Fromtheinventionofvariousmachinestotheprogressofpolitics,scienceandliterature,thequalityofpragmatismdevelopedtremendouslyduringthatperiod.ThechangewhichtookplaceineveryaspectofthecountryenhancestheimportanceofpragmatisminthemindofEnglishpeople.纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。InBritishfoodculturetheyconsiderthecuisineisasense.Theythinkwhetherthecolorsandthetasteofthefoodaredelicious,thenutritionisthemostimportant.Thoughsometimesthetasteisnotverywell,theystilleatallthefoodbecausethesefoodshavemuchnutrition.Secondlytheythinkthefoodisusedforeatingwhenhungry.Sotheyusuallychoosethemeatorthebeef.Meanwhilethefoodindustryhasdeveloped,suchascanned,althoughtaste,butsavestimemachine-made,andnutrition.Consequently,pragmatismbecomesoneofthemostvaluedqualitiesofEnglishpeople.Eventoday,Englandisstilloneofthemostpowerfulcountriesintheworld.Itsprosperityisindispensablewiththequalityofpragmatism.颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。Thetwodistinctiveaspectsinnationalcharactershowthemselvesinallaspectsofthesociety.Atthesametime,nobilityandpragmatismrevealthemselvesonBritishfoodanddrink. 濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。ChapterTwoNobilityinBritishDrinkAfternoonTeaThereisalotofBritishbeverageproducingimpactonnoblemannerofaristocracy,especialafternoon.Afternoonteaistheveryrepresentative.銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。2.1NobilityintheOriginationandDevelopmentofAfternoonTea挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类。AfternoonteabeganinVictoriaTimes.Anoblewomanfeltverydullatafternoon.Onsomedaysafternoon,shegotveryhungry.Sosheaskedherservanttogiveheracupofteaandsomesandwiches.Then,shesatonacomfortablechairandatesandwichesslowly.Intheprocessofeatingshefounditwasreallymakingherpleasant.Thattimewasnolongerdull.Thusshedecidedtodrinkingteaandeatingfoodineverydaysafternoon.Thelongafternoonbecamemoreinterestingbecauseofafternoontea.Laterwhenherfriendswenttoherhousesheentertainedthemteaandcakesinafternoon.Allofherguestslikedsuchkindofentertainment.Gradually,drinkingafternoonteabecamepopularinaristocracy.Aftermanyyears,ordinarypeoplewerealsodrinkingafternoonteatoo.赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈。Inthelongdevelopment,afternoonteaistheproud.Nowitbecomespopularintheworld.Infact,themostpopularstyletodrinkteaishighteabuthighteaisoftenamisnomer.Mostpeoplerefertoafternoonteaashighteabecausetheythinkitsoundsregalandlofty,wheninallactuality,hightea,ormeatteaisdinner.Hightea,inBritain,atanyrate,tendstobeontheheavierside.AfterBritishtookafternoonteatoAmerica,Americanhotelsandtearooms,ontheotherhand,continuetomisunderstandandoffertidbitsoffancypastriesandcakesondelicatechinawhentheyofferahightea.塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫。Afternoontea(becauseitwasusuallytakeninthelateafternoon)isalsocalledlowteabecauseitwasusuallytakeninasittingroomwithdrawingroomwherelowtables(likeacoffeetable)wereplacednearsofasorchairsgenerallyinalargewithdrawingroom.裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺。Britainistraditionallybrewedinawarmedchinateapot,addingonespoonfulofteaperpersonandoneforthepot.MostBritishliketheirteastronganddarkandwithaddalotofmilk.仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁。Aboutonehundredyearsago,Britaingraduallydevelopedintoasystemofmakingtea.Atthattimepeoplethoughtthemilshouldpouredintothecupfirst,soasnottocracktheporcelain.绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧。Thetraditionalwayofmakingteais:1.Boilsomefreshcoldwater.骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙。2.Putsomehotwaterintotheteapottomakeitwarm.3.Purlthewateraway瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉。4.Putoneteaspoonoftea-leavesperperson,andonetea-spoonintothepot.5.Pourboilingwaterontothetea.6.Leaveforafewminutes.7.Service.鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類。Itisamazingthataplainafternoonteahassuchcomplicatedprocedure.ThatcomplicatedprocedurehasacloserelationshipwithBritishtradition.Watchingcarefullythemethodtomakingafternoontea,peoplewillfindeverysteparecourteousandnotfallintoaflutter.Itseemsthatthetraditionalafternoonteacaresabouthowtoshowaseriesofnoblemannerbutnotcarehowcomplicatedtheprocedureis.SuchcustomcomesfromBritainstraditionofnobility.Britishareparticularabouttheirlifeandpayattentiontoeducationandbearing.Theythinkdrinkingteacouldshowtheirbearing.Britainisacountrywhichattachesimportancetotraditionofnoble.Theyusedtoshowtheirnobleinthelife.So,theafternoonteacanbeconsideredasthetimetoshowtheirbearing.Thosearethreedifferentafternoonteas:Creamtea,Lighttea,Fulltea.Everyonehasitsdifferenttaste.Somehaveheavytasteandsomearelight;somehavecreamandsomehavesweet.Everyonecouldchoosethebestaccordingtohistaste.SuchdifferenceprovesBritishareparticularabouttheirlifequality.AnoblewomanwholivedinVictoriaTimeswasthefirstonewhoenjoyedafternoontea.Themtheafternoonteabecameatrend.Atlastitdevelopedintoacustomofthewholenation.Althoughafternoonteahasnot beenconfinedtothenoble,butitsnobleoriginationdecideditsnobleblood.Inface,inordinaryBritishseyesthatdrinkingteaisanoblemovement.Peopletransmitthenobleelementcarefullywhichlivesintheafternoontea.Adistrictsfoodanddrinkingcultureinfectthelocalpeopleinsomedegree.Inthepassedhundredyears,bothnobleandcommonpeoplebothwereinfluencedbynoblemannerofafternoontea,butalsotheyarejusttakingshapeanationalnature-lookingforthenoblecharacter.栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬。InEngland,thetraditionaltimeforteawasfourorfiveoclockandnoonestayedaftersevenoclock.Mosttearoomstodayserveteafromthreetofiveoclock.Themenuhasalsochangedfromtea,bread,butterandcakes,toincludedthreeparticularcoursesseveredspecificallyinthisorder.辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应。SavoriesTinysandwichesorappetizersSconesServedwithjamandDevonshireorclottedcreamPastriesCakes,cookies,shortbreadandsweet峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺。Britishpeoplearesolovingtheirtea,eventheafternoonteabecomesanationalmovementatabout5clockinafternoon.TodayBritishfamiliesdonothavetimeforafternoonteaathome,butinthepastitwasatradition.Itbecamepopularaboutonehundredandfiftyyearsago,whenrichladiesinvitedtheirfriendstotheirhousesforanafternooncupoftea.Theystartedofferingtheirvisitorssandwichesandcakestoo.SooneveryonewasenjoyingAfternoontea.詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜。Therefore,theauthenticafternoonteahasaseriesofetiquette.Whentheyaredrinkingafternoontea,theyshowtheirpolitethoroughly.Nomatterthenobleorordinarypeople,whowanttodrinkafternoonteaheorshemustknowtheetiquetteofafternoontea.则鯤愜韋瘓賈晖园栋泷。2.2NobilityintheEtiquetteofAfternoonTeaTheetiquetteofdrinkingafternoonisasfollows.Pickupyourcupandsaucertogetherholdingthesaucerinonehandandcupintheother.Thebestwaytoholdateacupistosliptheindexfingerthroughthehandle,uptoalmostthefistknuckle,thenbalanceandsecurethecupbyplacingthethumbonthetopofthehandleand allowingthebottomofthehandletorestonthemiddlefinger.Holdthecuplightly,bythehandlethepinkydoesnthavetobeextended(contrarytopopularbelief,theringandpinkiefingersshouldnotbeextended,butshouldrestbycurvinggentlybacktowardyourwrist).Holdthesaucerunderthecupwhilepeoplesiptea.胀鏝彈奥秘孫戶孪钇賻。Whenstirringthetea,pleasedonotmakenoisesbyclinkthesidesofthecupwhilestirring.Gentlyswishtheteabackandforthbeingcarefulnototouchthesidesofthecupifpossible.Neverleavethespooninthecupandbesurenottosiptheteafromthespooneither.Afterstirring,placethespoonquietlyonthesaucer,behindthecup,ontherighthandsideunderthehandle.Mi