专八人文知识习题.doc

美国概况练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is _.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is_.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is_.5 _has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by_.7 In the United States, primary education requires_years.8 Most college students in the United States are in_institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are_.10 _(which state )is not governed by the common law. 练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。3 .Non-hispanics white， 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。4 .African Americans， 2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。5 .America， 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。6. World War II， 第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。7. Six years， 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。8. Public， 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。9 .美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. 10 .Louisana， 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。美国概况练习题：1 Of the fifty states of America, _states now have the death penalty as punishment.2 The four major regions of the United Sates are_.3 _ regions culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.4 _is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.5Hollywoodis often used as a synonym for_6 The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_.7 The north-eastern part of the United States New England enjoys a _climate.8 To the west of mainland American lies the _ Ocean.9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_.10 The natives of the continent of the America are the_.练习题答案及题解:1 38, 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。2 Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。3 The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区， 也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。4 California，加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。5 American films，好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。6 the Mississippi River，美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。7 typical continental，美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。8 Pacific Ocean， 美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。9 automobile industry， 底特律是美国著名的汽车城。10 Indians， 美国的本土居民是当地的印第安人。美国概况练习题：1 _is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A Washington D.CB Los Angeles C San Francisco D New York City2 _ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A Blacks B Hispanics C Indians D Asian Americans3 Washington D.C. is named after_.A the U.S. President George WashingtonB Christopher ColumbusC both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD none of them4 American and British English are two_ of the English language.A varieties B elements C parts D form5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was_.A Thomas Jefferson B James Monroe C James Madison D Abraham Lincoln6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_.A Rhode Island B Virginia C Texas D Montana7 The national flag of the United States is known as_.A the Star-Spangled Banner B Uncle Sam C Hot Dog D Union Jack8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _.A contribution a state has made to the nationB populationC sizeD none of the above9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _.A the Amazon River B the Mississippi River C the Nile River D the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_ as a gift in 1884.A France B SpainC ItalyD Britain练习题答案及题解:1 D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。2 A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。3 C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂哥伦布。4 A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。5 D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕林肯。6 A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。7 A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。8 B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。9 B, 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。10 A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。美国概况 练习题： 1. Ernest Hemingway is _. A. Englishman B. American C.Dutch D. Denmark 2 .John Fitzgerald Kennedy is _ president. A. 35th B. 34th C. 33rd D. 32nd 3. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women , Mount Holyoke Female Seminary , opened in _ to serve the “ Muslim sex”. A. New England B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. New York 4. The capital of Massachusetts is _. A .Providence B. Boston C. Montpelier D. Augusta 5 ._ is the dividing line between the South and North. A .The Hudson River B. The Potomac River C. The Ohio River D. The Missouri River 6 ._ is Washingtons largest city. A .Boise B. Denver C. Tacoma D .Seattle 7. Washington D.C., the capital of U.S. is situated on the _River banks. A .St. Lawrence B. Hudson C. Potomac D. Missouri 8. When did the American Civil War break out? A. 1775 B. 1812 C. 1861 D. 1863 9 .Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence? A .John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. Benjamin Franklin D. John Hancock 10. In which day is Halloween celebrated? A .5 November B. 31 October C .17 March D. 25 December 练习题答案及题解: 1. B,文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。 2 .A,肯尼迪是美国的第35任总统。 3. C,美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州。 4 .B,麻省的首府是波士顿。 5. D,美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。 6 .D,华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图。 7. C,华盛顿特区位于波托马克河上。 8. C,美国内战爆发于1861年，结束于1865年。 9 .B,为美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯杰弗逊。 10 .B,万圣节前夕是10月的最后一天即10月31号。美国概况练习题： 1 The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _. A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C William Penn 宾州创始人 D Benjamin Franklin 2 The New Deal was started by _. A Franklin Roosevelt B J.K. Kennedy C George Washington D Thomas Jefferson 3 The United States was rated _ in the world in terms of land areas. A second B third C fourth D fifth 4 The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _. A Teachers B students C headmaster D boards of education 5 The Bill of Rights consists of _. A 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment B 10 amendments adopted in 1787 C 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791 D the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom of religion 6 The United States produces as much as much as half of the worlds _. A wheat and rice B cotton C tobacco D soybeans and corn 7 Which invention marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”? A Newspaper B Telegraph C Laundry machine D Television 8 The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from _. A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C John Adams D John Locke 9 The District of Manhattan is in the city if _. A Washington D.C. B San Francisco C New York D Chicago 10 The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_. A according to their population B according to their size C according to their tax paid to federal government D equally 练习题答案及题解 1 C, 华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、而William Penn 是美国宾州的创始人。 2 A, 新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的。 3 C, 就面积而言， 美国是世界第四大国。 4 D, 对此有决定权的是教育委员会。 5 C, 人权法案是于1791年增补到宪法法案上来的前十条修正案。 6 D, 美国出产占世界一半的是大豆和玉米。 7 D, 开创人类视觉信息革命的重大发明是电视机。 8 D, 美国的许多政治观念都是来源于英国著名哲学家约翰洛克。 9 C, 曼哈顿是纽约市的著名经济和商业区， 也是纽约的中心地带。 10 D, 美国每一个州在参议院中均有两位议员作为代表，与各州人口无关和众议院不同）。美国概况 练习题： 1 The Rocky Mountains is located in _. A Great Britain B Australia C South Africa D North America 2 Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to which city? A Los Angles B Chicago C New York D Washington 3 Which of the following is an American newspaper? A The Guardian B Newsweek 新闻周刊 美C The International Herald Tribune法 D The Daily Telegraph 英4 The U.S. is called a “melting pot” because _. A its steel industry is highly developed B it has great influence on the world C it is an important economic center of the world D people from different races live there together 5 The first Puritans came to America on the ship _. A Codpeed B Susan Constant C May Flower D Discovery 6 Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May to honor those who have _. A given their lives for their country B made great scientific discoveries C won American great reputation in sports D donated large amounts of money to the country 7 “Trick or Treat” is a phrase that children often use when they celebrated _. A New Years Day B Veterans Day C Halloween D Christmas 8 The Easter egg and the hare, two of the symbols most frequently associated with Easter, are considered to present _. A vigor and bravery B fertility and new life C originality and speed D happiness and fun 9 Which of the following books is not written by Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens? A The Adventures of Tom Sawyer B The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn C Life on the Mississippi D Leaves of grass 10 Which of the following books is written by Washington Irving? A Nature Ralph W. Emerson B The Scarlet Letter 霍桑C The Sketch Book D Farewell to Arms 练习题答案及题解: 1 D, 落基山脉位于美国西北部， 向东南延伸。 2 A, 好莱坞和迪士尼均位于洛杉矶。 3 B, 新闻周刊是美国的报纸， 而国际先驱论坛是法国的， 卫报和每日电讯为英国的。 4 D, 美国被称之为“大熔炉”是因为来自世界各地的人们所带来的各自的文化在此交融形成独特的多元文化特征。 5 C, 首批清教徒到美国时乘坐的船是“五月花号”。 6 A, Memorial Day 是美国的阵亡将士纪念日。 7 C, 万圣节是美国的传统节日。万圣节前夜， 孩子们带着各种面具， 穿着奇异的衣服，跑到邻居家门前，高声喊着：“Trick or Treat”，向大人们讨要糖果。不给的邻居就会遭到小孩的恶作剧。 8 B, 复活节彩蛋和兔子是“多产和新生”的象征。 9 D, Leaves if grass 是 Walt Whitman 的作品。 10 C, Washington Irving 被称作是美国文学之父， 这是他最有名的作品。A 是 Ralph W. Emerson 的作品, B 是 Nathaniel Hawthorne 的作品, D 是 Earnest Hemingway 的作品。美国概况 练习题： 1 The world-famous Havard University is in _. A Massachusetts B New York C Washington D.C. D Maine 2 Which of the following statements about American education is wrong? A Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory B Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals. C There are more public colleges and universities than the private ones D Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelors degree. 3 _ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment. A Broadway B Wall Street C The Fifth Avenue D Times Square 4 _ is not a tourist attraction in the United States. A Yellowstone National Park B Grand Canyon C St. Patricks Cathedral D Stonehenge 5 _ was an actor before he became the President. A Ronald Reagan B Abraham Lincoln C Herbert Hoover D Jimmy Carter 6 New Englanders were originally known as _, which come to stand for all Americans. A Hippies B Yankees C Uncle Sam D Brother Jonathan 7 On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _, which housed the government then. A New York B Washington D.C. C Philadelphia D Boston 8 Which of the following people was not an American President? A John Hancock B John Adams C John Q. Adams D Jimmy Carter 9 Henry Fond was the first man to _. A design a plane B fly an aeroplane C mass-produciton a carD design and make a car 10 “That government of the people, by the people, for the people, ”were the words by _. A Thomas Jefferson B Abraham Lincoln C Andrew Johnson D Theodore Roosevelt 练习题答案及题解: 1 A, 哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥(Cambridge)镇。 2 C, 在美国， 私立高等教育机构要多于公立的。象麻省理工， 耶鲁大学， 哈佛大学都是私立的。 3 A, 百老汇是一条由南向北贯穿曼哈顿全岛的大道， 其中心地带是在第42借“时代广场”附近， 周围云集了几十家剧院， 上演被称为现代歌舞剧的剧目。 4 D, Stonehenge 在英国， 是古代城池的遗迹。 5 A, 里根从政前曾经在好莱坞闯荡20多年，参与演出了50多部电影。 6 B, Yankees 一词具有丰富的含义。 现在用于代表美国人，俗称美国佬。 在美国南部，Yankee是指美国北部各州的居民， 即北方佬；而对多数美国人来说，Yankee 意味着新英格兰人。 7 A, 1789年George Washington 在纽约宣誓就职， 1790年首都迁往费城。 1800年以后定都华盛顿。 8 A, John Hancock，因其当时在独立宣言上的签名很大，他的名字在美语里变成了签名的代名词。 9 C, Henry Ford 早期是一名技师， 虽然没有发明汽车， 但他是第一位批量生产汽车的人。 10 B, 这是Abraham Lincoln 于1863年11月19日在葛底斯堡阵亡将士墓举行落成仪式上发表的著名的葛底斯堡演说的片语。英国概况 练习题：1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _.A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century. ？2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _ has very little power.A queen B monarch C prime minister D king3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party4 On accepting _, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of IndependenceC Civil Law D Bill of Rights5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until _.A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 18966 The British North America Act of 1867 established _ as a domain.A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India7 During World War II, as a war leader, _ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _.A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia9 In Britain, a _ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _.A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King 练习题答案及题解:1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。4 D, 权利法案的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。6 B, 1867年英国北美法案将加拿大纳为它的自治领。7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。英国概况 练习题： 1 How many members are there in the House of Commons? A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651 2 Which of the following people didnt use to be the British Prime Minister? A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson海军统帅Viscount Nelson D John Major 3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House 4 The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today. A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party 5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition. A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest 6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britains _ decline. A political B educational C military D economic 7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _. A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition 8 Today, in Britain, _ is called a “sick” industry. A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding 9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor _ modified and improved the design in 1765. AAbraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe 10 _ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution 练习题答案及题解: 1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。 2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。 3 A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。 4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。 5 B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。 6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。 7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。 8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。 9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。 10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。英国概况 练习题： 1 _ is the key to Industrial Revolution. A Iron B Cotton Textile C Coal mining D Steam engine 2 _ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution. A Criticism B Modernism C Romanticism D Renaissance 3 Modern football game began in _. A China B France C England D Germany 4 _ is the leader of the British government. A Prime Minister B Queen C President D Governor 5 The second largest city in England, _ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing