初中英语知识点.doc

1. (to sb/sth) apply ones mind steadily; give careful thought 专心; 仔细考虑: Why werent you attending when I explained before? 我以前解释的时候, 你怎麽不注意听呢? * Attend to your work and stop talking. 专心工作, 不要说话. 2. to sb/sth give practical consideration to sb/sth 照顾 关照某人某事物: A nurse attends to his needs. 有个护士照顾他. * Are you being attended to (eg said by an assistant to a customer in a shop)? 有人接待您吗（如店员问顾客）? * Could you attend to (ie deal with) this matter immediately? 你能不能立刻处理这件事? 3. take care of (sb); look after 照看（某人）; 照料; 看护: Dr Smith attended her in hospital. 史密斯医生在医院中给她治病. 4. go regularly to (a place); be present at 照例去（某处）; 出席: attend school, church, etc 上学 上教堂等 * They had a quiet wedding only a few friends attended (it). 他们的婚礼静悄悄的-只有几个朋友参加. * The meeting was well attended, ie Many people were there. 有很多人出席会议. 5. (fml 文) be with (sb/sth); accompany 伴随（某人某事物）; 陪伴: The Queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting. 女王由宫廷女侍陪伴. * (fig 比喻) May good fortune attend you! 祝你红运当头! attend tend vt. 出席,参加;照顾,护理;伴随,陪伴vi. 专心,注意;照顾,护理;伴随,侍候 vt. 出席,参加;照顾,护理;伴随,陪伴vi. 专心,注意;照顾,护理;伴随,侍候时态：attended,attending,attends名词：attender同反义词同： v. assist, give ear, go to, look 反： v. miss 词义辨析accompany，conduct，attend，escort这些动词均有“陪同，伴随”之意accompany既可指人也可指物。用于人时，侧重关系紧密或同时发生。conduct无论用于人或物均指引导带领。attend侧重主从关系，即下级对上级，学生对老师等，或表恭、服侍。escort通常指用车或人在陆上伴随、护送，其目的是保护或出于礼节。参考例句The school was attended almost entirely by local children.上这个学校读书的几乎全是当地的孩子。Please try to attend the meeting. Better late than absent.请您尽量参加会议。迟来也比不来强。I dont find any objection to your attending the lecture.我看不出您来听课有什么不可以的。They wanted to exclude all boys from attending their club.他们想要拒绝所有的男孩参加他们的俱乐部。I do not find any objection to your attending the lecture .我看不出您来讲课有什么不可以的。常用短语attend to专心，注意，专心于; 关心，护理，照顾 1. to attend to ones advice 听取某人的意见，听某人的话 2. Attend to what concerns you. 注意与你有关的事物。 3. We need an experienced gardener to attend to the trees and flowers in the park. 我们需要一位经验丰富的园丁管理公园里的树木和花卉。 英英解释动词解释：be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.She attends class regularlyI rarely attend services at my churchdid you go to the meeting?同 go to, attend反 misstake charge of or deal withCould you see about lunch?I must attend to this matterShe took care of this business同 attend, look, see, take care face danger/difficulty 面对危险/困难be faced with 面对面临face the music 负起责任;接受批评face up to 大胆面向勇敢地面对hit sb in the face 打中某人的脸打某人的耳光face to face 面对面地 做状语face-to-face 面对面的 做定语make a face (=make faces) 做鬼脸;装怪像save ones face 保全面子lose ones face 丢面子face the facts (situation/difficulty/the window/the enemy) 面对事实(局面困难窗户敌人)in (the) face of 面临.look sb in the face 直视某人to ones face 当着某人的面injure 是指意外伤害或事故造成的伤害 有危及功能发展之意hurt 指精神上或肉体上的创伤伤害) 作不及物动词是为疼harm 是指 物质上或精神上的伤害均可 有时可指 引起不便或不安. 也可用于抽象事物尤指不道德的事情 意为 对.有伤害 损害late adj./adv.I. adj.1.迟的 I was ten minutes late. 我迟到了十分钟。 You are three minutes late. 你迟到了三分钟。2.晚的;晚期的 at a late hour 在很晚的时刻 in the late afternoon 在下午较晚的时候，傍晚 in the late sixties 六十年代后期 We favour late marriage. 我们提倡晚婚。 We apologize for the late arrival of this train. 我们对本趟列车的晚点表示歉意。 The story happened in the late 19th century. 这件事发生在19世纪末。 It is never too late to mend. 谚语 改过不嫌晚。3.已故的;前任的 a late president 一位已故的总统 She was an admirer of the late president. 她钦佩前总统。4.新近的 the late development of science 科学的新发现5.词组或句型：1).late (far/deep) into the night 直到深夜 They worked at the empty loom until late (far/deep) into the night 他们在空空的织布机旁工作直到深夜。2).sit up late 深夜才睡;迟睡 He often sits up late. 他经常到深夜才睡。3).be late for =come late to迟到 He was late for school. = He came late to school. 他上学迟到了。 He is never late for work. 他上班从不迟到。4).be late with n. (或in doing sth) (做)某事晚了 We were late with lunch today. = We were late in having lunch today. 今天我们吃晚饭晚了。 I was late (in) sending my reply to his letter. 他的信我回复晚了。II. adv.1.迟 come to work early and leave off late 早上班，迟下班 Better late than never. 谚语 迟做总比不做好。 early and late 从早到晚 early or late (=sooner or later) 迟早2.晚;在晚期 work late into the night 工作至深夜 late in autumn 在深秋 He goes to bed late and gets up late. 他常常是早睡早起。3.新近;最近;不久前 I saw him as late as yesterday. 直到昨天我还看见过他。B.lately adv. 最近;近来;不久前Have you seen them recently?你最近见到过他们吗？I havent seen him lately.我最近没有看见过他。What have you been doing lately?最近你一直在做什么？He stayed there as lately as October of last year.他在那儿呆到去年十月。I havent been sleeping well just recently.我只是在最近才一直睡不好觉。One new model has lately been developed for business people.一种为商务人士服务的新机型最近已被研制出来。C.later adj./adv.1.较晚;更晚( late的比较级形式) The big stores are open later on Thursdays. 每逢星期四大商店开门较晚。 He reached the stations 5 minutes later. 他晚到车站五分钟。 Were going to Rome later in the year. 我们年内晚些时候要去罗马。2. (以)后 a week later 一星期后 Two days later, we proved these facts to be correct. 两天以后，我们证明了这些事实是正确的。3.后来 See you later. 再见！回头见！ Later we learnt that this wasnt true at all. 后来我们了解到这不是真的。4.词组：1).later on 今后,以后 Can we talk about it later on? Much later on, she realized what he had meant. 过了好长时间，她才明白他的意思。 I cant eat all of this - Ill finish it later on. 我吃不了所有这些-我晚些时候再吃完它。2).sooner or later 总有一天,迟早 John will come sooner or later. 约翰总有一天会来的。1）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。虽有死的可能，但还活着。例如：No man alive is greater than he . 在活着的人中没有人比他更伟大了。(注：此时 alive 含有“在所有活着的之中”) He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想让鱼活着。 2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：My first teacher is still living . 我的启蒙老师仍健在。 English is a living language . 英语是活的语言。 注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living 谋生。make a / ones living by + ing 通过干谋生 3）live “活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如：a live wire 有电的电线，a live fish 一条活鱼。 4）lively 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如：Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。 Everything is lively here . 这儿一切都生机勃勃。D.latest adj./n1.adj. 最新的,最近的( late的最高级形式) the latest news 最新的消息 People want to buy the latest newspaper, and nobody wants to buy yesterdays. 人们都愿意买最新的报纸,而没有人愿意买昨天的。 They have equipped the office with the latest business machines.2.n.C (the latest) 最新事物;最新消息等 Have you heard the latest? 你得到最新消息了吗？ This is the latest in computer software. 这是最新的电脑软件。3.词组：1).at the latest 最迟,至迟 You must finish your work by/on Friday at the latest. 你最晚必须在周五前把工作作完。 You have to return the book by Friday at the latest. 你最晚必须在周五前把书还了。 I should be back by 11 oclock at the latest. 我最迟11点回来。E.latter adj./n.I. adj.1.后面的;后半的;后期的;末了的 the latter half of the month 后半月,下半月 the latter part of the year 一年中的后一段时期 This latter point was of great importance. 后面这点极为重要。 Celebrations are planned for the latter part of November. 庆祝活动计划于11月下旬举行。2.(两者中)后者的 Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother. 这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。 Of the two the latter is far better than the former. 两者中后者比前者好得多。 The latter point is the most important. 后面提及的那一点是最重要的。 Of the two songs we heard, I like the latter one better. 我们听的那两首歌里，我更喜欢后面的那首。3.最近的;现今的 in these latter days 在最近的这些日子里 His health