Introduction to MINITAB(英文版)(ppt 49页).ppt

IntroductiontoMINITAB LearningObjectives StructureofMINITAB MainWindowsandShortcutKeyboardCommandsTypesofData DataEntryandDataManipulationTechniquesCorrectdatastructureforanalysisinMINITABCreatingandInterpretingBasicGraphsinMINITABExportMINITABOutputintoOtherPrograms WhatisMINITAB MINITABisaStatisticalSoftwarePackagefor PerformingSimpleandComplexDataAnalysesExecutingQualityAnalyses suchasMeasurementSystemAnalysisProcessCapabilityAnalysisControlChartsDesigningandAnalyzingExperimentsDoingDataExplorationAndmuchmore MINITABWindows TypesofWindows MINITABhasfivetypesofWindows SessionWindowDataWindowHistoryWindowInfoWindowGraphWindowMINITAB sDefault SessionWindow top DataWindow bottom HiddenWindows HistoryWindowInfoWindow MINITABWindows Toolbar TheToolbarprovidesa shortcut toperformingfrequentlyusedcommands ThecenterbuttonsoftheToolbarchangeastheactivewindowischanged toreflecttheuniquecapabilitiesofeachwindow Useyourmousetodeterminetheuseofeachbutton byplacingthepointeronthebutton Abriefdescriptionoffunctionalityforeachbuttonwillappear WindowsTaskbar TheWindowsTaskbarprovidesbuttonstomovefromoneopenapplicationtoanother UsetheStartmenutoopenotherprogramsyouwishtousewithMINITAB UsethebuttonsontheTaskbartomovebetweenprogramsandtocopygraphs data andoutputgeneratedinMINITABtoMicrosoftandotherpopularproducts MINITABWindows RightMouseButton ManyofthefunctionsavailableusingthebuttonbararealsoavailableusingtheRightMouseButton Thereareafewfunctions likeFormatandSetColumns whichareavailablethrougharightmouseclick butnotfoundonthebuttonbar Theavailablefunctionalityisdependentuponwhichwindowisactive WindowsButtons WhenMINITABisfirstopened twowindows SessionandData canbeseen Thetopright handcornerofeachwindowcontainsthebuttonsshownabove Thefirstcanbeusedtominimizeyourwindow Thesecondallowsthewindowtofillthescreen orreverttoasmallersize Thelastbuttoncloses permanently thewindow ThewindowthatMINITABrunsinalsocontainsthesebuttons ClickingXinthesoftwarewindowwillcauseyoutoexitMINITAB Whileonlytwowindowscanbeseen twoadditionalwindows HistoryandInfo areminimizedandhiddenundertheDatawindow MINITABWindows ActiveWindow MINITABhasatleastfourwindowsopenatanyonetime ThesewindowsaretheSession Data History andInfo Whileallfourwindowsareopen onlyonewindowis active atanysinglepointintime Theactivewindowwillalwaysbeintheforegroundandthebaracrossthetopofthewindowwillbehighlighted Thesefourwindowsareinteractive EnteringdataintheDatawindowresultsinasummaryofthedatashownintheInfowindow Whenyouexecuteacommandfromoneofthemenus statisticswillappearintheSessionwindow andawrittensummaryofthecommandsyouhavejustusedwillappearintheHistorywindow Let stakeacloserlookatthesewindows WewillbeginwiththeDatawindow DataWindow Worksheet Thecolumnnamerowislocatedjustaboverow1oftheworksheet Columnnamesmaybeupto31charactersandmaycontainspaces Thereisadataentryarrowaboverow1whichdictatesthedirectionthecursorwillmoveaftertheEnterKeyispressed WhendataisenteredintoMINITAB thedatawillbereadasoneofthreeformats NumericText alphanumeric Date TimeOpentheprojectGBAttendance mpjtoviewexamplesofnumeric text anddate timedata Window Worksheet orCtrl D or OpenWorksheet 1 File OpenProject2 SelectGBAttendance MPJ3 ClickOpen ProjectscanonlybesavedandreopenedinRelease12 Youmayalsosaveinformationseparately onlydataoronlyagraph ifyouwish usingtheSaveWorksheetandSaveGraphscommands Thereare3differentdatatypes Date Letter D besidethecolumnno Text Letter T besidethecolumnno Numeric noletterispresentandcolumncontainsdataThetypeofdatapermittedineachcolumnisdefinedbythedatapointfoundinthefirstrowofthecolumn InfoWindow Window Info orCtrl I InfowindowcontainsanautomaticallyupdatedsummaryofthecurrentDatawindow Inadditiontoprovidinginformationonthetypeofdata theInfowindowalsoliststhenumberofobservationspercolumn aswellasthenumberofmissingvalues Infowindowisespeciallyusefultohelpyoukeeptrackofvariablesforlargeworksheet Infowindowisalwaysactive althoughusuallyhiddenfromview SessionWindow SessionwindowprovidesinformationaboutthesizeoftheworksheetwhenyoufirstopenMINITAB Theworksheetsizeindicatesthenumberofcellsintheworksheet ThissizecanbechangedusingthePreferencecommand TheSessionwindowalsostoresnumericoutputgeneratedbyMINITABcommands Youcaneditandformattextasyouwouldinawordprocessor addcomments cut copy pasteandchangetypeoffonts Window Session orCtrl M or HistoryWindow HistorywindowrecordscommandsusedtomodifyorcreatetheSession DataandGraphwindows withouttheoutput ThecontentsoftheHistorywindowcannotbechanged Thecommandscanbecopiedintoawordprocessorortexteditorandusedtocreatemacrosforrepeatedtasks TheHistorywindowcancontain64kBoftext 5000linesofcommands MINITABdiscardsfirsthalfofthecontentswithoutwarningwhenthislimitisreached 1 Window History orCtrl H PreferencesCommand 1 Edit Preferences2 SelectGeneral clicktwice 3 Chg sizeoftheworksheetto200 0004 ClickOK5 ClickSave6 File Exit7 Restarttheprogram GeneralPreferencesLetyouchangeyourworksheetsizeandsaveyourcurrentMINITABprintsetupNo ofcellsislimitedbytheamountofmemoryavailableonyoursystemWorksheetsizedoesnotchangeuntilyoucompletelyexitMINITABandstartMINITABagainIfthevalueislessthanonespecifiedinEdit SavePreferences General thatmeansthereisnotenoughavailablememory ChangingWorksheetSize PreferencesCommand 1 Edit Preferences2 SelectGraphics clicktwice 3 Chg Maximumno ofgraphsto304 ClickOK5 ClickSave GraphicsPreferencesAllowsyoutocontrolinitializationofgraphics closingandsavingofgraphs andgrapheditingmovementandtoolsChangestakeeffectimmediatelyonceyouclickontheSavePreferencesdialogbox ChangingGraphicsPreferences GenerateSessionWindowOutput 1 File New MINITABWorksheet2 File OpenWorksheet3 SelectGBAttendance MTW4 Stat BasicStatistics DisplayDescriptiveStatistics5 IntheListBox double click Lateinmins DescriptiveStatisticsOneofthemostcommonlyusedcommandsisDisplayDescriptiveStatistics TheareaontheleftcontainingthevariablenamesistheListBox TheboxontherightistheVariablesBox ListBoxcontainsalistofvariablesavailableforanalysis ChooseavariabletobeanalyzedbyclickingtwiceonthevariableListBox Thevariablewillmovetoanylocationwhichcontainsthecursor Exercise UsethiscommandtogeneratealistofstatisticstodescribethedatafoundinC4 SessionWindowOutput Sessionwindowcanbeaccessedby Window SessionorCtrl MorNumericoutputintheSessionwindowmaybecutandpasteorimportedintoothersoftwarepackagesforreporting CustomnotesmayalsobetypedintheSessionwindow GenerateGraphWindow 1 Click EditLastCommand orCtrl E2 Click3 Choose4 Clicktwice onceineachdialogbox Thesub dialogboxassociatedwiththeGraphsbuttonallowsyoutochoosefromfourindividualgraphsoragraphicalsummary Thesquare checkboxes allowyoutogenerateoneormoregraphsatatime TheSessionwindowstatisticsaregeneratedinadditiontothegraph EachgraphcreatedinMINITABwillgenerateaseparatewindow AgraphwindowinMINITABisnotlinkedtothedata Inotherwords ifthedatachanges thisdoesnotchangethegraph WritingReports PastingGraphsintoMSWord 1 Ensuregraphwindowisactive2 RightMousebutton CopyGraphorCtrl C3 OpenMicrosoftWord4 PastegraphusingCtrl V PastingSessionwindowoutputintoMSWord 1 Highlightthetextlinestocopy2 RightMousebutton CopyorCtrl C3 ReturntoMicrosoftWord4 PastethetextusingCtrl V YoumaywishtocombineMINITAB soutputandgraphsinareport MicrosoftWordisanexampleofawordprocessorthatwillacceptbothtextandgraphsfromMINITAB TextandgraphicscanalsobepastedintoMSWordTables YouwillneedtousethePasteSpecialcommandandremove float toaccomplishthistask CopyingGraphsandTablestoMicrosoftWord Alt TabGoesbetweensoftwarepackagesCtrl TabManeuversbetweenwindowsCtrl MMINITABSessionwindowCtrl DDatawindowCtrl HHistorywindowCtrl IInfowindowCtrl EReturntothelastdialogbox Double clickingonafileinOpenWorksheetorOpenProjectopensafile ThefolderonthebuttonbarwillONLYopenprojects OpenProject WindowsManeuveringCommands SummaryofKeyboardandButtonBarCommands DataEntry MINITABallowsentryin4differentways TypingdataintoworksheetPastingdatafromotherapplicationsImportingdatafilesfromothercompatiblesoftwarepackagesOpeninganexistingMINITABworksheet DataEntry StructurethedatasothateachvariableisinasinglecolumnEachcolumnshouldhaveatitleColumntitlemustbelessthan31characters onasinglelineAlldatamustimmediatelyfollowthecolumnnamesNospacesbetweenrowsofdataColumnscontainingdollarsignsorcommascannotbetransferredtoMINITABusingCopy Paste Reformatthesenumberstoincludeonlydecimalpoints Columnswithdollarsignsandcommaswillsuccessfullyimportasgenericnumbers Elementsofan EasilyImportable Worksheet DataEntry ImportingDatafromotherSoftwarePackages 1 File OpenWorksheet2 Gotothe specified directory3 Filesoftype Excel4 Select Dataform xls double clickorclickonceandclickOpen TodeterminewhetherafilecanbeopenedbyMINITAB chooseOpenWorksheetfromthefilemenu NoticethatthearealabeledFilesoftypecontainsadrop downmenu Thisisindicatedbythearrow triangle totherightoftheFilesoftypeselectionbox Whenafiletypeischosenfromthedrop downlist onlythosefilescontainingthefileextensionchosenaredisplayedinthefilelist Whenyouareimportingfiles itisimportanttochoosethespecificfiletypeyouareimporting Noticehoweasilythefileimports ThisisbecausethefilestructureiscompatiblewithbothMINITABandExcel DataEntry Import Handling LessIdeal DataStructures 1 OpenExcel2 Openfile Wave3Group4 xls3 Analyzethedata4 ExitExcel DetermineiftheformatiscompatibletoMINITAB DataEntry Import cont d 1 OpenMINITAB2 Openfile Wave3Group4 xls3 Analyzethedata Noticetheproblemswiththeimport HeaderinC1readsasTitlerow Measurementinmeters readasfirstdatapointinC1 asaresultcolumnshowastextTruetitles row4 readasfirstdatapointinC2 C7 thereforecolumnshowastextSomeskiprowsbetweendatapointDatainC7isnotmeaningfulinMINITABDatainRows17 26isnotmeaningfulinMINITAB DataEntry Import cont d Handling LessIdeal DataStructures Ifyourdataisnotina MINITAB analyzable form thereare2choices ReformatthedatainExcel hiderows columns changedollarformattonumeric beforecopyingandpastingthedataintoMINITAB ImportthedataintoMINITAB usingOptionsandPreviewintheOpenWorksheetdialogboxtocustomizethedatastructure DataEntry Import cont d UsingPreview OptionstoRestructureData 1 Ctrl E2 HighlightWave3Group4 xls clickonlyonce 3 ClickUsethePreviewdialogboxtodeterminetherow ofcolumnnames row5 and ofdatarows 8rows toimport4 PressThisreturnsyoutotheOpenWorksheetdialogbox DataEntry Import cont d 5 Click6 Variablenames Userow 57 Numberofdatarows 8Thiswillexcludethesummaryrow 8 9 ClickThisreturnsyoutotheOpenWorksheetdialogbox 10 Click11 ScrolltoC712 HighlightthecolumnnumberanddeleteThiswillexcludethesummarycolumn 13 Click14 Click UsingPreview OptionstoRestructureData ManipmenuManip Stack StackBlocksofColumnsManip Code NumerictoTextManip ChangeDataType TexttoDate TimeManip Stack StackRows CalcmenuCalc MakePatternedData SimplesetofDate TimeCalc ExtractDate TimetoText Whilethecolumnsinthefilewejustimportednowhavethecorrectdatatype thestructureoftheformatisnotconduciveforanalysisinMINITAB TheManipmenucontainsmanycommandstoreorganizeandreformatyourdata TheCalcmenuallowsthecreationofnewdatacolumns Tointroduceyoutosomeofthefunctionalityinthismenu wewillusethefollowingcommandstoreorganizeandreformatthecurrentdata ManipandCalc MenustoReorganize RedefineDataStructure Thefirstthingtodoistodeterminewhatpartofthedataisyourresponse Yormeasurement andwhatinformationisavailabletodescribewhereorunderwhatcircumstancesyourresponsevalueswereobtained inputorXs ReorganizingData Thedatasetcontainsaresponse Distance foreachOperator X1 andeachPeriod X2 Theresponseisacontinuousvariable BothXsinthiscasearecategorical discrete variables CategoricalXsarealsocalledfactors Differentgroupswithinafactorarecalledfactor levels Thefactor levelsforPeriodareinC1 Thefactor levelsforOperatorarefoundinthetitlecolumnsC2 C5 Andrew Edmund MINITABcandoafewbasicanalyseswiththedatastructuredasshown itispreferabletohaveallfactor levelsofeachXvariableinasinglecolumn Manip StackBlocks 1 Manip Stack Unstack StackBlockofColumns2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownbelow 3 Click Toconvertthistabletoasinglecolumnformat youcanuseeithertheStackBlockscommandortheStackRowscommand Thesecommandswillorderyourdatadifferently butplacealldataintwoXcolumnsandaResponsecolumn WewilluseStackBlockstoplacealldatafromAndrew Edmundinasinglecolumn Distance ForeachOperator sDistancewewillcarrydatafromthecolumnPeriod Theseblocksofdata eachcombinationofPeriodandOperator sDistance areallstackedontopofeachotherintothetwocolumnsMonthandDistance Youhavetheoptionofstoringsubscripts anintegerwhichidentifieseachblockofdatastacked ReorganizeDatafrom ExcelTables toa ColumnFormat Manip Code ThedatainthefirstfivecolumnscontainsthesameinformationasthedatafoundinC6 8 YoucanmakethedataintheMonthcolumnmoredescriptivebycodingthedataasfollows 1 Manip Code NumerictoText2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownbelow 3 Click Whentherearelessthaneightcategoriestore code usetheCodecommandintheManipmenu Whenthenumberofcategoriesexceedseight youcancreateaconversiontableinstead Re labelingDatatoImproveInformation Manip ChangeDataType ChangingfromTexttoDate Time 1 Manip ChangeDataType TexttoDate Time2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownbelow WhilethecolumnisnowrelabeledwitheachMonth itisnotrecognizedasadate TohaveMINITABrecognizethiscolumnasadatevalue youwillneedtochangethedatatypefromTexttoDate Time TheMonthcolumnhasnowchangedfromtext C6 T toDate C6 D Whychangetoadateformat Somegraphs Plot onlypermitnumericanddate timevalues So changingtothisformatallowsyoutocreateaplotofDistancebyMonthforeachOperator 3 Click Manip Code 1 Manip Code NumerictoText2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownbelow 3 Click ThesubscriptcreatedinStackBlockscanberecodedtoidentifytheOperatorwithreferencetothedistanceclocked Re labelingDatatoImproveInformation ClearingandDeletingData BackspaceandDeleteKeys Erasethecontentsofthecolumnswehavejustcreatedwithouterasingthetitles 1 Placeyourcursorinrow1ofC6 Month 2 DepresstheShiftkeyWhileholdingdowntheShiftkey 3 PressEnd TohighlightC6 4 Presstherightarrowkeytwice TohighlightC7 C8 5 PressBackspaceorDelete Toclearthecells ClearaCellDeletedata butpreservethe space Inanumericcolumn MINITABinserts inaclearedcell unlessitisthelastcellinacolumnHighlightthecellsandchooseEdit ClearCellsorpresskeyDeleteoneormoreCellsDeletethedataand space andmoveotherrowsinthecolumnupSelectthecellsandchooseEdit DeleteCellsorpresskey 1 Manip Stack Unstack StackRows2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownbelow 3 Click NotethatStackRowsreorganizesthedatarowbyrow insteadofcolumnbycolumnandrepeats expands anyXvariable Period associatedwiththerow Therefore A12345B678910Becomes A1A2A3A4A5B6B7B8B9B10Thistime thesubscriptoptionwasnotchosen InthiscasethesubscriptwouldindicatePeriod row ratherthanOperator column Inessence itwouldberedundantinformation Manip StackRows AlternativeMethodsofDataReorganization Manip StackRows ComparingtheOrder StackRowsvsStackColumns OriginalData StackedRows SincewecannotusethesubscriptcommandtogenerateinformationconcerningthevariableOperator wewillneedtocreatethisinformationinadifferentway NoticethatwithinMonth yournewcolumn thefirstdistancevaluecomesfromAndrew thesecondfromDaniel etc ItwillbenecessarytocreateacolumnofdatathatreflectstheOperatorinwhichthedistancewastaken SelectionsthatcreatecolumnsofneworgenerateddataarefoundintheCalcmenu Calc MakePatternedData 1 Calc MakePatternedData TextValues2 Fillinthedialogboxshown 3 Click Tocreateacolumnwithtextthatfollowsapattern useTextValuesunderMakePatternedData Thedialogboxmayrequirealittlethoughtatfirst onceyouunderstandhowitoperates thiscommandshouldsavetimewhengeneratingrepeateddatasequences GeneratingTextData Calc MakePatternedData DefiningaSequence 1 Window Info Thesequenceisthecombinationoftherepeatsforeachvalue Inthisexamplethedefinedsequenceis AndrewDanielSweeEdmundListthewholesequence 8timesindicatethatwhenthecolumniscreatedtheabovesequencewillberepeatedintheaboveorder8times Thecolumnproducedshouldhave32entries ChooseInfofromtheWindowmenutoverifythatyouhavegenerated32values Manip Code 1 Manip Code NumerictoText2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownbelow 3 Click Re labelingDatatoImproveInformation Manip ChangeDataType ChangingfromTexttoDate Time 1 Manip ChangeDataType TexttoDate Time2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownbelow 3 Click 1 PlaceyourcursorinthecolumntitledOperator2 ClickRightMouseButton InsertColumn3 Titletheemptycolumn Quarter 4 Calc ExtractDate TimetoText5 ExtractfromDate Timecolumn Month6 StoreTextColumnin Quarter7 SpecifyComponenttoExtractCheck Often date timeisgatheredonadailyormonthlybasis butyoumaybemoreinterestedinlookingatthedatabyDayoftheWeekorQuarter TheExtractcommandsallowyoutogroupDate Timedata Thecurrentdatasethas4monthslisted Supposeyouwishtolookatsummarystatisticsbyquarterinstead Youcanextracttheinformationaboutquarterfromyourdataandstoreitinanewcolumn Itiseasiesttosimplyinsertacolumnbesideyourdatecolumn Columnscanbeinsertedbysimplyhighlightingacolumnorcellwithinacolumnandclickingtherightmousebutton Thenumberofcolumnsinsertedisdependentuponhowmanycolumnsarehighlighted Calc ExtractfromDate Time InsertingColumns AggregatingDate TimeData ReformattingDatafromExcel AReview 1 BringindatafromanExceltable2 UseStackRowstoreformatthedatastructure3 CreateaTextcolumnforOperatortoreflectthedista