山东省高中英语 虚拟语气 绝对经典课件人教版必修五.ppt

grammar subjunctivemood虚拟语气 一 语气的分类 1 陈述语气 theindicativemood 用来陈述一个事实 或提出一种看法 有肯定 否定 疑问或感叹等形式 iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid haveyoueverbeentofrance whatasplendidpalace 2 祈使语气 theimperativemood 用来表示请求 邀请 命令 警告或劝告等 let shaveatalk don tjumpinthequeue 英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示 3 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实 而是一中假设 愿望 怀疑或推测 虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句 也可用于名词性从句等 例如 1 ifiwereyou iwouldnotleaveheralone 2 ifitweretoraintomorrow themeetingwouldbeputoff 3 ifjackhadscoredthatgoal wewouldhavewonthematch 4 ourteachersuggestedthatwegotolabthisafternoon 二 虚拟语气的用法 一 用于条件状语从句中 主从句 构成 时态 虚拟条件从句 主句 例句 与现在事实相反的假设 与过去事实相反的假设 if 主语 动词过去时 be用were 主语 would should could might 动词原形 ifihadtime iwouldattendthemeeting if 主语 had 过去分词 主语 would should could might have 过去分词 ifyouhadtakenmyadvice you dhavepassedtheexam 1 if条件句中的虚拟语气 主从句 构成 虚拟条件从句 主句 例句 与将来情况相反的假设 if 主语 动词的过去时 if 主语 wereto 动词原形 if 主语 should 动词原形 主语 would should could might 动词原形 ifyoucametomorrow wewouldhavethemeeting ifitweretoraintomorrow wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting ifheshouldnotcometomorrow wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextweek 时态 虚拟语气中的倒装 如果条件句中有were had should等助动词 可将if省略 而把were had或should置于句首 来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思 1 ifyouhadtakenmyadvice you dhavepassedtheexam hadyoutakenmyadvice you dhavepassedtheexam 2 ifitweretoraintomorrow wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting wereittoraintomorrow wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting 3 ifheshouldnotcometomorrow wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextweek shoulehenotcometomorrow wewouldputoffthesportsmeetingtillnextweek 2 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气即用without butfor 要不是 or else 否则 ifitwerenotfor ifithadnotbeenfor without butfor but代替if从句 1 without butforhishelp wewouldn thavemadesuchgreatprogress iftherehadn tbeen wehadn tgothishelp wewouldn thavemadesuchgreatprogress 2 shewouldhavecomehere butshewastoobusywithherhomework shewouldhavecomehere ifshehadnotbeentoobusywithherhomework 虚拟语气高考链接 1 alice whydidn tyoucomeyesterday i butihadanunexpectedvisitor nmet a hadb wouldc wasgoingtod did 析 此题a d明显不合上下文 因为乙方没有去 b选项若为wouldhave则成立 可以理解为iwouldhavecomeifihadn thadanunexpectedvisitor 的简略式 但此处是would 故应排除 只有wasgoingto可得体地表达 我原本打算去的 但是有不速之客造访 这一意思 3 ifithadnotbeenforthecaptain sefforts theshipwouldhavesunk 3 混合虚拟语气 错综虚拟语气 即条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致 多见从句用过去完成时 表示与过去相反 主句用would could should might do 表示与现在相反 如 1 ifhehadfollowedthedoctor sadvice hewouldbequiteallrightnow 2 hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice 3 ifwehaddriveninturnsyesterday youwouldfeelbetternow 二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中 1 用于主语从句中 1 itissuggested requested demandedordered desired proposed advised insisted that从句中 从句用 should 动词原形 eg it ssuggestedthatthemeeting should beputofftillnextweek itwasorderedthatthewoundedsoldiersbesenttothefieldhospitalatonce 注意 坚决要命 类动词所接的四种名词性从句 主从 宾从 表从 同位语从句 中用法都如此 坚决要命 insist advise suggest propose deside require request desire demand order command 2 用在itisnecessary important strange natural surprising essential vital apity 从句中 从句用 should 动词原形 eg itisnecessarythatthecustomsofallnationalminoritiesberespected itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso itisnotsurprisingthatalfredshouldhavemarriedamy 2 用于宾语从句中 在wish后的宾从表与现在相反用一般过去时 系词用were 与过去相反用过去完成时 与将来相反用would could might 动词原形 howiwish abirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky be iwishi somanymistakesinthelastexam make howiwishit rainingnow be were hadnotmade weren t 2 在wouldrather后接从句 用过去时表示与现在或将来相反 用过去完成时表示与过去相反 eg i dratheryoucametomorrow i dratheryouhadn ttoldhimthenews 3 在advise demand insist order propose request require suggest后用should 动词原形 should可以省略 eg hesuggestedwe should startoffearlythenextday weinsistedtheynotbepresentatsuchgathering heorderedthatall should takepartinthework theyrequestedthatwe should havelunchwiththem 但是 当suggest表示 暗示 表明 insist表示 坚持认为 时 不用虚拟语气 eg thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney 3 用于表语从句中 在advice demand order proposal request suggestion等后面的表语从句中 eg myadviceisthathewaittillnextweek hersuggestionisthatweshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart thegeneral sorderwasthatallthesoldiersreachtheborderintenhours 4 用于同位语从句中 在advice demand order proposal request suggestion等后面的同位语从句中 如 e g weallagreetohissuggestionthatwegotothehappyvalleyforanouting ordercamethatthesoldiersbesenttotheborder hereisthedoctor sadvicethatyoushouldtakethemedicine4timesaday 三 用于其他句型 1 在itis high timethat句型中 定语从句的谓语动词用过去时 或should 动词原形 should不能省略 eg itis high timethatyouwenttoschool it stimeyoudidsomethingaboutit itis high timethatweshouldstartout 2 用于ifonly 要是 就好了 引导的感叹句中 用法同wish 如 eg ifonlyiwereabird ifonlyihadknownhertelephonenumber e mailaddress ifonlyihadn tlostit ifonlytheletterhadarrivedintime 3用于asif asthough引导的从句时 以asif asthough 似乎 仿佛 引出的方式状语从 如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气 如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气 与现在相反用过去时 与过去相反用过去完成时 如 thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewereanadult heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened bettertakeanumbrellawithyou itlookasifahevenrainisaroundthecorner 4 may 动词原形 表示祝愿 如 maythefriendshipbetweenourtwopeopleslastforever mayyousucceed maytheplanwork 1 ifihadhadenoughtime i mywork a wouldfinishb musthavefinishedc wouldhavefinishedd hadfinished2 tenminutesearlier they theplane a willcatchb wouldcatchc wouldhavecaughtd willhavecaught3 mrgreenrequiresthatthestudents acompositioneveryotherweek a writeb writenc wouldwrited willwrite4 hadhestudiedhard he theexam a wouldpassb couldpassc hadpassedd wouldhavepassed c c a d 5 iwishi whatishappeningthereinhisroom a knowb knownc knewd shouldknow6 itisimportantthatyou sportseveryday a haveb wouldhavec musthaved willhave7 iftherewerenowaterintheworld everything a willdieb woulddiec wouldhavediedd wouldhavebeendead8 whatwasgoingtohappen iwouldneverhaveleftheralone a hadiknownb ifiknowc ifiknewd ifhadiknown c a b a 9 heorderedthatthework rightaway a shouldfinishb finishedc wouldbefinishedd befinished10 shallwegotothemovietonight no i drather athomewithourbaby you dbetternotleaveittothebabysitteratnight a youstayedb youstayc stayedd stay11 inyourposition iwouldhelphim a wasib wereic ifiamd ifihadbeen12 i butiwasstoppedbytheheavyrain a meantocomeb meanttocomec hadmeanttocomed meantcoming d a b c 13 mrsblackinsists inthatoldhotel a nottostayb notstayingc stayingnotd thatshenotstay14 ifyouhadspokenclearly youwould a understanditb haveunderstoodc beunderstoodd havebeenunderstood15 ifyou thatlatemovielastnight youwouldn tbesosleepy a haven twatchedb hadn twatchedc didn twatchd wouldn thavewatched16 theforeignfriendspeakschinesesowellasifhe achinese a isb bec shouldbed were d d b d 17 ifhe he thatfood luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately a waswarned wouldnottakeb wouldbew