初高中英语知识衔接 时态与写作课件必修一初高中衔接教学时态语态.ppt

动词的时态 高中英语语法 一般现在时 1 表示经常发生的动作 习惯性的动作 或存在的状态 常always usually often sometimes everyday等词连用 westudyenglisheveryday beijingisthecapitalofchina mymotheralwaysgetsupearly hesometimesgoestoseeafilmwithhisparents theenglishteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun lighttravelsfasterthansound themoontravelsroundtheearth 2 表示客观事实或普通真理 不受时间限制 theno 5trainleavesat10 30ourholidaybeginsinjuly 3 表示根据计划或时间表将要进行的动作 4 在有时间状语或条件状语从句的主从符复合句中 如果主句是一般将来时 从句用一般现在时态 iwillletyouknowassoonashegetshere ifyouaren thereontimetomorrow iwillwritetoyourparents 二 一般现在时句子结构 主语 is am are 表语 主语 do does 宾语 1 thefatheraswellashisthreechildren skatingonthefrozenrivereverysundayafterinwinter 06辽宁 a isgoingb goc goesd are 2 asyoucansee thenumberofcarsonroads risingthesedays 06全国卷 a waskeepingb keepc keepsd werekeeping 3 thismachine ithasn tworkedforyears 06浙江 didn tworkb wasn tworkingc doesn tworkd isn tworking 4 scientiststhinkthatthecontinents alwayswherethey today 05北京 a aren t areb aren t werec weren t ared weren t were 4 monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea which thepacific andwemetnostorm a wascalledb iscalledc hadbeencalledd hasbeencalled whatwouldyoudoifit tomorrow wehavetocarryiton sincewehavegoteverythingready 05全国 a rainb rainsc willraind israining lookatthetimetable hurryup flight4026 offat18 20 06四川 a takesb tookc willbetakend hastaken ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar atthegarage 06重庆 a willberepairedb isrepairedc isbeingrepairedd hasbeenrepaired nowadays alargenumberofwomen especiallythosefromthecountryside intheclothingindustry 05辽宁 a isworkingb worksc workd worked 一般过去时 1 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 常与yesterday in1990 twodaysago threeyearsago lastweek year night thedaybeforeyesterday theotherday justnow then atthattime等表示过去的时间状语连用 一般过去时也经常用在没有明确说明过去的时间状语的句子中 如 1 mycousinwenttocanadatwoyearsago he thereforafewmonthsandthenwenttoamerica 06江西 a workedb wouldworkwouldbeworkingd hasbeenworking 2 itissaidthattheearlyeuropeanplaying cards forentertainmentandeducation 06辽宁 a werebeingdesignedb havedesignedc havebeendesignedd weredesigned 2 表示过去发生的一连串动作 如 atlast wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand downtoeatourpicniclunch 05上海 a sittingb havingsatc tositd sat 3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为 常与everyday often sometimes regularly等时间状语连用 usedto 动词原形 或 would 动词原形 常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 如 1 heusedtowalkalongtheroadaftersupper 他以前晚饭后总是沿着马路散 2 hewouldsitthereforhourssometimes doingnothingatall 他有时一坐就是几个小时 什么也不做 4 用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作 常用在时间 条件 方式 让步状语从句中 如 inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable 06湖南 a wastobeheldb hasbeenheldc willbeheldd isbeingheld 5 用来表示语气委婉或对现在情况的虚拟 如 elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit yesterday 06全国 a washappeningb happensc hashappenedd happened 一般将来时态 1 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow nextweek inafewdays nexttime ishallgotoseeafriendtomorrow itwillbefinethisafternoon youwillbeaseniorstudentsthisterm 2 口语中常用begoingto do表示已经决定或安排要做的事情 表示有迹象表明必然或可能发生的事情 it sgoingtorain i mgoingtomeetherat7 00 3 英语中还用beto 或tobeabouttodo表示将要发生的事情 themeetingistobeheldtomorrow thefilmisabouttobegin 4 许多动词如 go come leave start arrive等 可以用进行时表将来 sheiscomingtoseeyouthismorning thetrainisleaving theplaneisarriving 一般将来时句子结构 主语 shall will do主语 is am are goingto do主语 beto do主语 beaboutto do主语 be doing 1 yourjob openforyourreturn thanks 06北京 a willbekeptb willkeepc hadkeepd hadbeenkept 2 assoonashecomesback i lltellhimwhen andseehim 05北京 a youwillcomeb willyoucomec youcomed doyoucome 1 let skeeptothepointorwe anydecisions 04全国 a willneverreachb haveneverreachedc neverreachd neverreached 2 andi llgettheworkfinished a haveonemorehourb onemorehourc givenonemorehourd ifhaveonemorehour 3 一般将来时的表达方式及区别 3 am is areto 动词原形表示按计划 预定要做某事 常表示命令与禁止 意为 应该 2 用 will shall助动词 动词原形 表示单纯的将来 不用于条件句 表示必然的将来 也可表意愿与决心 1 用 am is are goingto 动词原形 表示将要发生的事或打算 计划 决定要做的事情 或有客观迹象表明将会发生的预示 4 am is areaboutto 动词原形或am is areonthepointofdoingsth 表示 即将或正要做某事 不与时间状语连用 但可和when从句连用 1 didyoutelljuliaabouttheresult oh no iforgot i hernow 05全国卷 a willbecallingb willcallc calld amtocall 2 lookattheseclouds a it llrainb it sgoingtorainc it llberainingd itistorain 3 insuchdryweather theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey 01上海 a hassurvivedb aretosurvivec wouldsurvived willsurvive 1表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作 表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时 表近期特定的安排或计划 go come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时 如 itisrainingnow heisteachingenglishandlearningchinese iammeetingmr wangtonight weareleavingonfriday atsixiambathingthebaby thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic 与频度副词连用 表示经常 反复的动作或某种感情色彩如厌恶 欣赏 表扬等 现在进行时 1 idon tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit well surprisinglytheydo amanhasbeenarrestedand now 06江苏 a hasbeenquestionedb isbeingquestionedc isquestioningd hasquestioned 2 listentothetwogirlsbythewindow whatlanguage 05全国卷 a didtheyspeakb weretheyspeakingc aretheyspeakingd havetheybeenspeaking professorsmith alongwithhisassistants ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline 05上海 a workb workingc isworkingd areworking areyoustillbusy yes i mywork anditwon ttakelong 05浙江 a justfinishb amjustfinishingc havejustfinishedd amjustgoingtofinish 2下列动词不可用进行时 表示心理状态 情感的动词 like love hate care remember believe want mind wish agree need mean 表感官的动词 see hear notice feel smell sound taste look watch 过去进行时 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作 动词的构成为 be was were doing 过去进行时的时间状语常用 ateightyesterdaymorning from7 00to9 00lastnight有时用when while连词引导的状语从句表示过去进行时可用来叙述过去经常或反复发生的动作一些表示位移 方向的动作用过去进行时表示过去将来发生的动作表示说话人过去对主语的行为表示的 赞叹 或 厌恶 等 常与always constantly continually等副词连用 1 what swrongwithyourcoat 05重庆 justnowwheniwantedtogetoffthebus themannexttome onit a satb hadsatc hadbeensittingd wassitting 2 susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn twantherparentstoknowwhatshe 05辽宁 a hasdoneb haddonec wasdoingd isdoing 1 asshe thenewspaper granny asleep nmet95 a read wasfallingb wasreading fellc wasreading wasfallingd read fell 2 i alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident 06安徽 went wasoccurringb went occurredc wasgoing occurredd wasgoing hadoccurred whatwereyoudoingwhentonyphonedyou ihadfinishedmyworkand totakeashower 04天津 a hadstartedb startedc havestartedd wasstarting 现在完成时 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果 这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词 2 未完成用法 表示过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 可能持续下去 也可能刚刚结束 这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词 ihavereadthebook hehasopenedthedoor haveyouseenabookhere ihavelivedheresincemychildhood wehavelearnedenglishforfouryears ithasbeen is sixyearssincehelefthere 1 we ournewneighborsyet sowedon tknowtheirnames 06上海 a don tmeetb won tmeetc haven tmetd hadn tmet 2 thecoffeeiswonderful itdoesn ttastelikeanythingi before 05全国 a washavingb havec haveeverhadd hadeverhad 3 mybrotherisanactor he inseveralfilmssofar 05浙江 a appearsb appearedc hasappearedd isappearing 1 thecountrylifehewasusedto greatlysince1992 05山东 a changeb haschangedc changingd havechanged 2 thewindowisdirty iknow it forweeks o4全国 a hasn tcleanedb didn tcleanc wasn tcleanedd hasn tbeencleaned 1 hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents thattheywon tsupporthimn unlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank 05湖北 a weredecidingb havedecidedc decidedd willdecide 2 where therecorder ican tseeitanywhere i itrighthere butnowit sgone a didyouput haveputb haveyouput putc hadyouput wasputtingd wereyouputting 过去完成时 1 表示到过去的某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态 这个时间可用短语或从句来表示 也可由上下文来加以衬托 它在时间上的意义是 过去的过去 1 theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous she before a hasn tflownb didn tflyc hadn tflownd wasn tflying 2 thepoliceman sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallbox which placedundertheminister scar 05广东 a havebeenb wasbeingc hadbeend wouldbe hurryup aliceandsuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate oh ithoughtthey withoutme 05江西 a wentb aregoingc havegoned hadgone whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain a started hadalreadyb hadstarted hadalreadyhiddenc hadstarted washidingd wasstarting hid bytheendoflastyear anothernewgymnasium inbeijing 03上海 a wouldbecompletedb wasbeingcompletedc hasn tbeencompletedd hadbeencompleted gotintotheroom thetelephonerang a hehardlyhad thanb hardlyhadhe whenc hehadnot thand nothadhe when theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem isaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssincei agooddrink a hadenjoyedb wasenjoyingc enjoyedd hadbeenenjoyed tom ofvisitinghisgrandmother butthebadweathermadehimchangehismind hasthoughtb thoughtc hadthoughtd hadbeenthought lookatthetroubleiamin ifonlyi youradvice 03上海 a followedb wouldfollowedc hadfollowedd shouldfollow 将来完成时 指将来某一时刻已完成的动作 将来完成时常与状语 bythetime 从句 bytheendof 将来时间的名词 或 by 将来时间名词 等连用 如 1 bythetimejanegetshome heraunt forlondontoattendameeting 05天津 a willleaveb leavesc willhaveleftd left 2 themayorofbeijingsaysthatalltheconstructionworkforthebeijingolympic by2006 04北京 a hasbeencompletedb hascompletedc willhavebeencompletedd willhavecompleted 现在完成进行时 1 现在完成进行时是由 have hasbeen 现在分词 构成的 表示过去某一时刻发生的动作 一直延续到现在 并且还可能继续下去 如 1 policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto sincethefloodhitthearealastfriday 06山东 havebeenmissingb havegotlostc bemissingd getlost 2 iwon ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe onitformorethananhour 06湖北 a hasbeenworkingb willhaveworkedc willhavebeenworkingd hadworked 2 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时强调的是完成的动作 而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作 这个动作刚停止或仍在继续 有些延续性动词 如live teach work study learn stay等用现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大 如 nowthatsheisoutofajob lucy goingbacktoschool butshehasn tdecidedyet hadconsideredhasbeenconsideringconsideredisdoingtoconsider 04北京 过去完成进行时 表示持续进行到过去某时的动作或在过去某时以前不久发生的动作或一直到过去某时反复发生的动作 如 they ontheprogramforalmostaweekbeforeijoinedthem andnowwe itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar a hadbeenworking arestillworkingb hadworked werestillworkingc havebeenworking haveworkedd haveworked arestillworking 过去将来时 过去将来时常用在宾语从句和间接引语中 表示从过去某时看来将在某时发生的动作或存在的状态 也就是说两个动作都发生在过去 发生在前的用一般过去时 发生在后的用过去将来时 过去将来时可用 should would 动词原形 was weregoingto 动词原形 was wereto 动词原形 was wereaboutto 动词原形 was were 现在分词 或 was wereonthepointofdoingsth 表示 如 wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe theofficesoon a leavesb wouldleavec leftd hadleft 将来进行时 将来进行时的用法 表示将来一段具体时间内正在进行的动作 如 atthistimetomorrow overtheatlantic 03年北京 a we regoingtoflyb we llbeflyingc we llflyd we retofly 时态练习 1 icanguessyouwereinahurry you yoursweaterinsideout a hadwornb worec werewearingd arewearing 1 d canguess这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的 故用现在进行时 2 we thatyouwouldfixthetvsetthisweek i msorry i tofixitthisweek buti vebeentoobusy a hadexpected hadintendedb areexpecting hadintendedc expect intendd expected intend 2 a expect intend want wish hope plan等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法 愿望 打算等 3 hewillstopshowingoff ifnonotice ofhim a istakenb willbetakenc takesd hastaken 3 a 如主句用将来时 在时间 条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来 又因if从句是takenoticeof 的被动语态结构 故选a 4 itissaidthatanothernewcarfactory now yeah it oneandahalfyears a isbuilding takesb isbeingbuilt willtakec isbuilt willtaked isbeingbuilt takes 4 b 根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now 可知要选现在进行时的被动语态 因工厂正在修建 花费一年半应指将来 5 i msorry butishouldn thavebeensorudetoyou you yourtemperbutthat sok a havelostb hadlostc didlosed werelosing 5 c shouldn thavedone表示 过去本不应 youdidloseyourtemper是youlostyourtemper的强调形式 6 why tom yourshirtissodirty mum i mystoreroomdownstairs a cleanedb haveworkedc wascleaningd havebeencleaning 6 d 现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作 7 theywon tbuynewclothesbecausethey moneytobuyacolortvset saveb aresavingc hassavedd weresaving 7 b 句意为 他们 现在 不愿买新衣服 因为他们在攒钱买电视 由此可见 攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作 8 goodheavens thereyouare we anxiousaboutyou andwe youbackthroughoutthenight are expectb were hadexpectedc havebeen wereexpectingd are wereexpecting 8 c 担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作 用现在完成时 expect是在过去某一段时间里 整个晚上 正在进行的动作 故用过去进行时 9 i vefinallyfinishedmypaperandit meanentiremonth a takesb tookc wastakend hadtaken 9 b 论文已完成 花费一个月时间应指过去 某事花费某人多少时间用sth takessb sometime结构 10 thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodandit evenbetter a getsb gotc hasgotd isgetting 10 d 交通现在已经好了 在此基础上正在变得更好 11 iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10 00tomorrow i msorry bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandi myguestsinmyoffice a isbeingmetb willmeetc willbemeetingd willhavemet 11 c bythen是指将来的时间状语 排除a 再由句意可知 meet指的是到了十点钟时将正在进行的动作 12 alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday really where a hasshebeenb hadshebeenc hasshegoned hadshegone 12 b 问句问的是前天回来之前去了哪儿 故用过去完成时 注意hadgone表示人未回来 与第一句相矛盾 13 johnandi friendsforeightyears wefirstgottoknoweachotheratachristmasparty butwe eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat hadbeen havemetb havebeen havemetc hadbeen hadmetd havebeen hadmet 13 d for 时间段表示从过去某时延续至今的动作或状态 用现在完成时 meet发生在gottoknow这一过去动作之前 用过去完成时 14 i ping pongquitewell butihaven thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear a willplayb haveplayedc playedd play 14 d 用一般现在时表示现在的特征或状态 15 where igotstuckintheheavytrafficori hereearlier a didyougo hadarrivedb haveyoubeen wouldhavebeenc wereyou wouldcomed areyou was 15 b 问对方 去了哪里 指的是从过去某时到现在为止的动作 用现在完成时 第二个空格是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气和主句 条件状语从句ifihadn tgotstuckintheheavytraffic被省略 16 iknowmrbrown we toeachotherataninternationalconference areintroducedb havebeenintroducedc wereintroducedd hadbeenintroduced 16 c 在一个国际会议上被介绍显然发生在过去 17 wheredoyouthink he thecomputer sorry ihavenoidea a has boughtb boughtc did buyd had bought 17 b 此句为复杂特殊疑问句结构 即 疑问词 doyouthink believe suppose expect imagine say consider guess等 其它 陈述语序 18 i toaparty buti vegotnothingtowear whydon tyouhaveadressmadefortheparty a wasaskedb willaskc haveaskedd havebeenasked 18 d 由but分句中的现在时和答语所提建议内容 可知应选现在完成时的被动语态 19 ididn tlikeauntlucy who withoutwarningandbringinguspresents a alwaysturnedupb hasalwaysturnedupc wasalwaysturningupd wasalwaysturnedup 19 c always often constantly forever allthetime等副词与现在 过去 进行时连用 表示某种反复发生的动作 往往带有厌恶 不满 责备或赞扬等意味 20 whatdoyouthinkofthiskindoftvset which inshanghai well idon tcaresuchthings a wasmadeb ismadec hasbeenmaded hadbeenmade 20 b 这种电视产于上海是客观事实 故用一般现在时 21 tom didmr lijoinyouinyourdicussion no he buthehappenedtohavefallenill a wouldliketob willc wastohaved wasgoingtojoin 21 c c项是wastohavejoinedusinourdiscussion的省略形式 was were tohavedone表示原来计划 安排要做的事 而实际上并没有做 22 didhenoticeyouentertheroom idon tthinkso he totheradiowithhiseyesshut a listenedb waslisteningc haslistenedd hadlistened 22 b 当时他在听收音机 23 theplane at7 00p m soihavetobeattheairportby6 40atthelatest a hasleftb istoleavec willhaveleftd leaves 23 d 表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事 应用一般现在时 24 thetrain atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainataboutnineo clocktonight wentb isgoingc goesd willbegoing 24 d 从句用的是一般现在时 故主句要用将来时 将来进行时表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作 25 lookatthis i somemagazinesand thisletter a waslookingthrough foundb amlookingthrough findc lookedthrough hadfoundd hadlookedthrough finding 25 a lookatthis 说明东西已找到 紧接着说是怎样找到的 26 you theeditorattheairport no he awaybeforemyarrival a have met hasdrivenb had met wasdrivenc did meet hadbeendrivend have met haddriven 26 c 根据答语 问句中的meet是过去发生的动作 可排除a d 但不能选b 因为没有构成 过去的过去 答语中用过去完成时的被动语态表示在我到达 过去动作 之前他已被人用车接走 27 canyougivemetherightanswer sorry i wouldyourepeatthatquestion hadn tlistenedb haven tlistenedc don tlistend wasn tlistening 27 d 没听 发生在对方 过去 问问题时 故用过去进行时 28 iusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysi coffee preferb preferredc havepreferredd ampreferring 28 a 此题选a表示现在的特征或状态 prefer属表示心理状态的动词 不能用于进时 29 wasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouwenttomexicolastsummer no it forfourdayswhenwearrived sotheroadswereverymuddy wasrainingb hadbeenrainingc wouldberainingd rained 29 b 表示在过去某一动作之前一直在进行 并有可能继续下去的动作 要用过去完成进行时 30 thevegetablesdidn ttasteverygood they toolong a hadbeencookedb werecookedc hadcookedd cooked 30 a cook发生在didn ttasteverygood之前 且与主语之间有被动关系 故用过去完成时的被动语态 31 rememberthefirsttimewemet jim ofcourseido you inthelibrary werereadingb hadreadc havereadd read 31 a read发生在thefirsttimewemet之时 故用过去进行时 32 iwanttobuythatkindofclothbecausei thecloth well a havetold washesb havebeentold washesc wastold washedd havebeentold iswashed 32 b 动词wash lock sell wear writeread open shut clean等动词的主语是物 且又表示主语的特征或状态时 要用主动形式表示被动意义 33 whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein i forawhileand somereading wasplaying wasgoingtodob played didc hadplayed wasgoingtodod hadplayed did 33 c play在camein之前已完成 而dosomereading的动作则即将开始 34 ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetothatpartyoftheirs but i mnotinvitedb iwasnotinvitedc ihavenotbeeninvitedd ihadnotbeeninvited 34 b would shouldlike tohavedone表示过去未曾实现的愿望 故 未受邀请 应用一般过去时的被动语态 35 istomstillsmoking no bynextsaturdayhe forawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette willgob willhavegonec willhavebeend hasbeengoing 35 b by后跟将来的时间状语时 主句要用将来完成时 gowithout意为 在缺 的情况下对付 36 allbutone takepartintheconference tomorrow a isgoingto thatistotakeplaceb aregoingto thatisabouttotakeplacec aregoingto thatistobetakenplaced aregoingto whichistobeheld 36 d allbutone主语是all 且all在此指人 故谓语动词用复数 takeplace属不及物动词短语 无被动语态 beaboutto后面不能跟具体的时间状语 37 areyouavisitorhere that sright i roundtheworldan