英语人教版九年级全册Direct Speech Indirect Speech.docx

A Teaching Plan for Direct Speech and Indirect SpeechTeaching goals:By the end of this lesson ,students will be able to: understand the meanings of Direct speech and Indirect speech. Pay attention to the personal change, tense change and adverbial change between the shift of Direct speech and Indirect speech. Understand how to change direct speech into indirect speech in different sentence patterns.Contents: Important points: study the personal change, tense change and adverbial change between the shift of direct speech and indirect speech. Difficult points: understand how to change direct speech into indirect speech fluently.Procedures:Step 1 Revision & presentation (5分钟) T: Class begins.M: Stand up.T: Good afternoon, class.Ss: Good afternoon, teacher.T: Sit down, please.Ss: Thank you.T: As you know that we will learn the shift of direct speech and indirect speech. Do you know what is direct speech and indirect speech?Ss: No.T: Ok. The Chinese meaning of it is “直接引语和间接引语” .“直接引语”是指：直接引述别人的原话，直接引语的前后必须加引号。E.g. He said,” we are having English class.” “间接引语”是指：转述别人的话，间接引语前后不加引号。E.g. He said that they are having English class.”现在知道直接引语和间接引语的定义了吧，Are you clear?Ss: Yes.设计意图：开门见山，直接引入所要学习的内容直接引语和间接引语。让学生了解直接引语和间接引语的定义以及教学目的。Step 2 Controlled practice(30分钟)Part 1 personal change.T：So how to change the direct speech into indirect speech? Now, I will introduce it in four parts. First, personal change. Second, tense change. Third, adverbial change, and finally, the different patterns of the shift. Well, lets study the first partpersonal change（人称变化）。这里有个口诀：一主，二宾，三不变。这是什么意思呢？ l “一主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。E.g. She said，“My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her. l “二宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。E.g. He said to Kate，How is your sister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then.l “三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，E.g. Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.以上就是在转换时的人称变化，Are there any questions?设计意图：学习直接引语变为间接引语的人称变化，运用口诀，简单明了，使学生快速牢记。Ss: No. Part 2 tense change. T: If no, lets go to part 2tense change（时态变化）。直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。There are six points in this part.1. 从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时E.g. （1）She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen. （现在完成 过去完成）（2）She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so. (一般现在 一般过去)（3）She said,“He will go to see his friend。” She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 过去将来)2. 含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。E.g. She said, ”He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend.注意，如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said，“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.3.若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： “The earth moves around the sun,”the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun .4.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 20, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.5.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. 6.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.这六种时态变化主要是前五个比较常考，大家要牢记。Now, before we learn the next part, Xiaowen, Can you help me to review the points of the tense change.Xw: Yes, I can.一共有六种 （若回答不完整则叫其他同学补充）T: Ok, I think we should clap our hands.Ss: (Clap their hands.)设计意图：学习直接引语变为间接引语的时态变化。学习后让学生回顾有利于他们了解自己没有掌握的知识点，给予鼓励让其更加专注。Part 3 adverbial changeT: Lets go on the third partadverbial change(时态变化).It includes four points. Now, I read, you write it down. Listen to me carefully. Point 1时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore today变为 that day）。Point 2地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，如：here 变 there。Point 3指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this改为that）。Point 4谓语动词的变化: 直接引语:Must ;Come ;bring 间接引语:had to; go ;take。Did you write four points down? 记好了吗？Ss: Write the points down. (Yesno)T: 接下来我们看一些例子，没记下的同学可以看到屏幕补全笔记。Look at the following examples.1. 时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now then,yesterdaythedaybefore, today that day） E.g. He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ” He said he wanted to go swimming then.这里还有一些其他词的变化，如：agobefore; this morningthat morning；yesterdaythe day before; tomorrowthe next day; next weekthe following week/the next week; yesterday morningthe morning before 等等，反正就是把时间状语从前往后退。2. 地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，here there E.g. The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” The teacher said I should go there at 7:00.3. 指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”， 例：thisthat，thesethose。 E.g. Hesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbook washis.4. 谓语动词的变化: 直接引语:Must ;Come ;bring 间接引语:had to; go ;take。 E.g. She said, I will come here this evening.” She said that she would go there that evening.T: The four points are very important in the shift of direct speech and indirect speech. Are you write it down? Ss: Yes.T: Well, lets do some easy practices. Fill in the blanks. Dont look at your notebook. Then I will ask some of you to give me your answer.bring this morning today ago these yesterdaytomorrow next week here come must yesterday morningthis now Ss: Fill in the blanks, then answer the question.T: （点人回答问题并指出错误及要注意的地方）All of you are so clever to remember the points. I believe that the last part is not difficult for you to study. Part 4 the different patterns of the shift.设计意图：学习直接引语变为间接引语的状语变化。锻炼学生的听写能力，使其集中注意力，提高学习效率。练习有利于巩固所学知识点，加深印象。Part 4 the different patterns of the shift.T: This part includes five points. Lets study part by part. 接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如： She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句，原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask ，语序要变为陈述语序。如： He said, “Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. 注意，大多数情况下，if ,whether 可以互换，但句中出现or (not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。如：He asked, ”Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 如：She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?”She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如：”Dont make any noise,” she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 注意，如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）”。如： He said, “Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语如果是感叹句，变成由that引导的宾语从句。如：He said, “What a lovely garden it is!”He exclaimed that it was a lovely garden. 设计意图：学习直接引语在不同的句型变为间接引语的规律和变化。直接知识性输入，有利于学生做笔记及课后练习。Step 3 Summary & consolidation (9分钟)T: Ok, thats all the points what we should learn today, lets review it together.我们一共学了四部分， First, personal change.人称变化，它的口诀是？ Ss:一主，二宾，三不变。T: Right, but you should pay attention to its meaning.（一主是指转换时，从句是第一人称，要按照主句中主语的人称变化。二宾是指转换时，从句是第二人称，要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致，如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。三不变是指转换时，从句是第三人称时不变化。）Second, tense change.时态变化有六个小点，大家还记得是在哪些情况下不变时态吗？T & Ss: 客观真理或自然规律；有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语；直接引语如果是一般现在时，表反复出现或习惯性的动作；直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。T: Third, adverbial change.状语变化有四个小点，是哪四点？一是？T & Ss: 一是时间状语，如now变为then，yesterday变为the day before today等；二是地点状语，如here变为there；三是指示代词修饰的状语，如this改为that