最后五天的复习考点.doc

最后复习中务必关注的英语考点最可能考到的英语时态英语一共有16种时态，中学阶段比较常用的有10种，但高考英语对时态的考查主要涉及四种，它们是一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。纵观去年全国18套高考英语试卷共涉及时态考点21道题，但其中有19题考的是上面提到的四种时态，约占整个时态考点的90%。由此可见这四种时态不仅重要，而且很“热”。【高频考点一】-一般过去时考点的命题特点1. 利用插入成分考查一般过去时的用法As the years passed, many occasionsbirthdays, awards, graduations _ with Dads flowers. (湖南卷)A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked【解析】B。由于句中增加了插入成分birthdays, awards, graduations，使得句子的主语与谓语were marked分离，从而增加了考生对句子理解的难度。根据句意，空格处应填被动语态；再根据句中的passed的时态特点可知，空格处也应用一般过去时，故选B。2. 利用标志性时间状语考查一般过去时的用法 I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago. (全国I)A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been【解析】C。根据句末的过去时间状语several years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时。3. 利用语境背景考查一般过去时的用法(1)When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where _? (重庆卷)A. did you go B. have you gone C. were you D. had you been【解析】C。句子的前半部分说上午打电话时没有人接电话，而后半部分问对方当时在什么地方，显然，句子前后两部分的时间应一致，即用一般过去时。(2)Ouch! You hurt me!I am sorry. But I _ any harm. I _ to drive a rat out. (江西卷)A. didnt mean; tried B. dont mean; am tryingC. havent meant; tried D. didnt mean; was trying【解析】D。第一空填一般过去时，指对前面发生的情况作出解释；第二空填过去进行时，指过去正进行的动作。答语的意思是：对不起。但我不是有意要弄伤你，我是在把一只老鼠赶出去。4. 利用主句过去时谓语考查从句过去时的用法(1)The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. (全国I)A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell【解析】C。根据前面的过去式谓语were可知，后面也要用一般过去时；再根据“花”与“卖”的关系可知，此处要用被动语态，故选C。(2)The play had already been on for quite some time when we _ at the New Theatre. (浙江卷)A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive【解析】B。由于句中的had already been用的是过去完成时，而根据句意，arrive显然应发生在其后，故要用一般过去时。全句意为：当我们到达新剧院时，戏已经演了好一会儿了。【高频考点二】-过去进行时的命题特点综观所有的过去进行时考题，它们无一例外地有个共同特点，就是考查在特定语境背景下某一动作正在进行的情形。请看实例：(1)It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.Oh, dont mention it. I _ past your house anyway. (北京卷)A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come【解析】A。根据前面一句中的was可知，搭车的事发生在过去，所以“我开车要经过你的家门口”也发生在过去，因此可排除B和D。而在剩下的A和C中，不能选C，是因为C为过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”，与句意不符。(2)I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.Impossible. She _ TV with me in my home then. (福建卷)A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching【解析】D。表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。第二句的意思是：不可能。她当时与我一起在我家看电视。(3)Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home. (全国II)A. have just thought B. was just thinkingC. would just think D. will just be thinking【解析】B。指刚刚在想念老家的朋友，故用过去进行时。(4)Did you see a man in black pass by just now?No, sir. I _ a newspaper. (四川卷)A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading【解析】B。由于我刚才“正在看报”(was reading a newspaper)，所以没有看到有人经过。根据语境，显然只有B最佳。【高频考点三】-现在完成时的命题特点1. 根据特定语境和时态标志考查现在完成时的影响性用法(1) _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there. (江苏卷)A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show【解析】A。根据问句中的yet可知，所谈论的事情发生在最近的过去，且问话者很关心这个过去发生的事情对现在的影响和结果，所以用现在完成时。注意：不要受答语中过去式谓语had的影响而误选C。(2)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. (浙江卷)A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided【解析】A。根据句意，此处应用被动语态，不用主动语态；再根据句末的yet可知，最好用现在完成时。故选A最佳。2. 根据特定语境考查现在完成时的持续性用法(1)Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (福建卷)A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked【解析】C。表示从过去一直持续到现在的一段时间，要用现在完成时。(2)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. (湖南卷)A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying【解析】D。根据句中的现在进行时可排除B，再根据句中的for a year可知此题选现在完成进行时最佳，即选D。注：有时高考还会考查现在完成进行时的用法。如：(3)I have got a headache.No wonder. You _ in front of that computer too long. (江西卷)A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked【解析】C。由于在电脑前工作太久，所以导致了现在头痛的结果，故空格处应填现在完成时或现在完成进行时，即答案选C。【高频考点四】-过去完成时的命题特点高考英语对过去完成时的考查百分之百是根据“过去的过去”这一语境来设题的。请看：(1)They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other for nearly two years. (安徽卷)A. didnt speak B. hadnt spoken C. havent spoken D. havent been speaking【解析】B。由于他们再次成为朋友发生在过去(因为became用的是一般过去时)，这就说明他们差不多有两年没说过话属于“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时。(2)I _ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. (陕西卷)A. would be B. have been C. had been D. will be【解析】C。由于set to work with the scientist这一动作发生在过去，而be there与set to work的先后关系是：be there在先，set to work在后。所以be there发生的时间属于“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时(3)Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?Yes, he did. He _ his old friends for a long time. (重庆卷)A. didnt see B. wouldnt see C. hasnt seen D. hadnt seen【解析】D。由于见朋友发生在过去(即昨天)，而很久没有见到朋友自然是昨天的见面之前，即属于过去的过去，故用过去完成时。最可能考的几个情态动词【高频考点一】-must/may/ could/ought to + have done“情态动词+完成形式”是高考中很常见的一类题目，需要注意：不同情态动词与完成形式搭配时表示的不同含义。【例1】（2005年江苏卷）- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.- Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through答案：D试题解析：检查考生对情态动词表示判断的掌握和运用能力。首先，对过去发生事情的判断用情态动词+完成形式；其次，ought to have done 表示“本应该”，即事情没有做，所以不符合语境。must have done 表示“肯定”。【例2】（2008年山东卷）Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed答案：B试题解析：前句中有last week 这个时间状语，可判断动作发生在过去，结合句意，用could have done 表示原本能够做某事。【高频考点二】-cancan 常用于表示“能够”，说明具有做某事的能力，但在近几年的高考中，can 常考的类型是用于表示可能性的“有时可能会”。【例1】(2008年福建).It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _be rather cold sometimes.A. must B. can C. should D. would答案：B试题解析：这道题目的题干部分有对一般情况的说明，用“usually”和“at times”表示，说明通常情况之外，有时候会出现某些可能，所以都用到“can”来表示有时可能会。【高频考点三】：should【例1】(2008年上海卷)According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. may B. can C. would D. should答案：D试题解析：此句中的should 表示这样做是最好的，【高频考点四】： neednt【例1】（2004年江苏卷）- I dont mind telling you what I know.- You . Im not asking you for it.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt答案：D试题解析：考情态动词。前句话说：我不介意告诉你我所知道的事。后句说：你没有必要告诉我，我并没有向你问此事。此时说没有必要，不表禁止，所以选D。最可能考的几种非谓语动词【高频考点一】：过去分词充当定语和状语【例1】（2004年江苏卷）A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night.A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted答案：C试题解析：此题四个选项都是过去分词，空格中缺定语，所以是过去分词作定语，表被动和完成。合理句意应是：一个人生在接受（警察）有关昨晚故意杀人事件的询问，attempt是“倾向，有意，企图“的意思，an attempted murder意为“有企图或有预谋的杀人”，故选C。空内所填的词应与murder有动宾关系。又如：a delayed flight（一次被推迟的航班），a newly-built park（一个新建的公园），人们可以推迟航班，新建公园，企图谋杀。其余三项均无法构成与murder的合理的动宾关系，故排除。【例2】（2005年江苏卷）_ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing答案：B试题解析：检查考生对非谓语动词的掌握和运用能力。首先，表示“失踪”用be lost；其次，语境中for a week，表示完成概念，所以用过去分词。【高频考点二】：非谓语动词的完成形式分词的完成式常体现在不同的非谓语动词形式中，常见的有having done, to have done【例1】 The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked答案：D试题解析：本题考非谓语动词的完成形式。句中两个逗号中间的内容应是时间状语，故全句解释为：在国外工作了二十年后，这位老人（已动身）正在归国途中。不定式作状语，多表目的和结果，不合句意，排除A、C，分词作状语可表时间、方式、伴随。此处是已完成的主动的动作，不是正在进行当中的主动动作，所以排除B，选D，现在分词完成式表主动和完成（到谓语发生时，非谓语的动作已完成）。最可能考的定语从句【高频考点一】：非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是高考的常见类型题，处理这类题目时，首先需要能准确辨别是否是定语从句，其次，判断出先行词部分，另外，还应注意考察部分是否存在其他考察内容。如：【例1】（2007年江苏卷）He was educated at the local high school, _he went on to Beijing University.A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that答案:A试题解析: 此句显然考察定语从句，关键在于介词与从句的搭配，从句意来判断，用after which引导定语从句,which指上面的句子He was educated at the local high school,表示“在当地高中受教育后上了北京大学”。【例2】（2008年北京卷）I will give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings.A. whichB. whenC. whomD. where答案：D试题解析：句中的非限制性定语从句的形式决定了关系词不可能用到that，要求学生能准确判断先行词与定语从句的关系，句子应该理解为：“大多数晚上都能在这个地址找到我。”【高频考点二】：分隔性定语从句由于此类句式中先行词与定语从句被一些成分隔开，处理分隔性定语从句时，要点在于要能清楚认识到先行词究竟是哪部分。如：【例1】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2007江西卷)A. whereB. whenC. whoD. which答案：A试题解析：定语从句的先行词应为“cases”，句子表示：在这些案件中，顾客的抱怨导致了法律的改变。case常用于固定短语in this case中，所以，空格部分可填where 或 in which。【例2】For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example. (2007四川卷)A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which答案：C试题解析：定语从句的先行词与定语从句距离较远，实为“cities”，结合非限制性定语从句和关系代词做介词宾语两点考虑，关系代词应该使用which，再结合句意判断出，New York 是世界上许多城市中的一个。因此，介词选用of.最可能考的名词性从句名词性从句在高考中各类题型中经常出现，以下几种从句为常考类型，值得关注。【高频考点一】：what 引导的名词性从句 【例1】（2007年山东卷）_ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As答案：C【例2】The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.（2008 北京卷）A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who答案：C试题解析：两句中的what分别出现在主语从句和宾语从句中，需要注意的是第一句不是定语从句，不能误选As选项；第二句不能被they hope 干扰，而that 在名词性从句中只能起到连接作用，不能充当句子成分。学生应牢记：what 在名词性从句中能够充当句子中的某个成分：主语，宾语，表语，例如以上两句中的what 都充当了从句中的主语成分。【高频考点二】：where 引导的名词性从句【例1】（2005年江苏卷）The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A. which; where B. at which; whichC. at which; where D. which; in which答案：C试题解析：检查考生对逻辑关联用语的掌握和运用能力。第一空为介词+关系代词引导定语从句，表示桥在什么地方建；第二空为表语从句，表示地点，所以用连接词where。最可能考的几种特殊句式英语中的特殊句式包括倒装句、强调句、省略句。近几年的高考中，以下几种题型值得关注。【高频考点一】：It is/was that 构成的强调句【例1】（2008年天津卷）It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. howB. whichC .thatD. where答案：C试题解析：这句话是对句中的地点状语成分along the Mississippi River进行强调说明，因此状语被放到了it is/was与that之间，表示马克吐温是在密西西比河沿岸度过了大半的童年时光。【例2】It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. (2007浙江卷)A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that 答案：D试题解析：这句话显然是对句中的时间状语until we had stayed for a couple of weeks进行强调说明，因此强调句的关系词it isthat应该首先被考虑，A、C两个选项有when不能选，同时，表示“直到才”的句型是“notuntil.”。所以选择D。【高频考点二】：only 置于句首时构成的倒装句式【例1】It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes.(2007江西卷)A. the residents would be permittedB. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be permittedD. the residents had been permitted答案：C试题解析：这个句子里的宾语从句有only引导的时间状语置于句首时，句子主句部分应构成部分倒装句。同时根据句义能够判断出主句的时态不可能发生在the fire was under control之前，过去完成时显然不对。【例2】 _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.(2008江苏卷)A. Only if; will youB. Only if; you willC. Unless; will youD. Unless;you will答案：A试题解析：这里的only 引导的是句中的条件状语if you eat the correct foods，并置于句首，应该构成倒装。Unless引导的句子则不需要构成倒装，所以C和D选项都不对。【高频考点三】：否定词位于句首时构成的倒装句式【例1】（2008年辽宁卷）Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _.A. I was neitherB. neither was I C. I was eitherD. either was I答案：B试题解析：该句中已给的提示部分有否定词not 的存在，这里需要利用的是“neither +助动词+主语”结构来表示”某人、某物也不”。而either不能表示这个意义，且不能构成倒装。【例2】（2006年安徽卷）Never in my wildest dreams these people are living in such poor conditionsA. I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldnt imagine D. couldnt I imagine答案：B试题解析：因为有never的存在，选项中显然不需要not重复表示否定意义，排除C和D。同时，never 本身是个完全否定词，放于句首时，句子需构成部分倒装。【高频考点四】：So/Suchthat 构成的倒装句式【例1】_ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（2007年 陕西卷）A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business答案：B试题解析：这是另一个不是因句首有否定词而需构成倒装的结构，即：当so/suchthat结构中，so/such 位于句首时，主句部分的谓语动词构成部分倒装，that从句部分不改变。【特别注意】：倒装句是近年高考单选题中非常常见的一种类型题。考生首先应该能把部分倒装和完全倒装区分开。所谓部分倒装即把助动词、情态动词、be 动词放在主语前面，而保留主句谓语的剩余部分不变。在处理倒装句、强调句、省略句等特殊句式时，由于语序的变动，不少学生对此不熟悉，不习惯，建议可以先复原为陈述语序，再来做题。如：2007上海卷 Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention. 可复原为 A debate rarely attracted so much media attention. 这种方法还可适用于被动句、疑问句、感叹句等。最可能考的几类状语从句状语从句是高考英语的必考考点，此类型题经常在单选、完型中出现。综观近年来各省市状语从句的考题情况，我们发现以下几类状语从句特别值得关注：【高频考点一】：before引导的状语从句尤其要注意“it+be+一段时间+before”这一句型。如：【例1】The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. (2007安徽卷)A. after B. before C. since D. when【例2】 He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. (2007江西卷)A. when B. before C. since D. that试题解析：两道题均选择before。 before可以作为连词，引导时间状语从句。它的用法灵活、译法多变，是高考的一个重要考点。第1题涉及的句式为：It will be a long time before，意思是“要过很久才会”；第2题涉及的句式为：it was some time before，意思是“在之前过了一段时间”，通常可转译为“要过一段时间才会”。请考生注意的是：该句式中，主句和从句的时态有两种情况：如果主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时，意为“多长时间以后某事即将发生”；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为“多长时间以后某事才发生”。【高频考点二】：while引导的状语从句【例1】_ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. (2007山东卷)A. As B. Since C. If D. While答案：D试题解析：while引导让步状语从句,多用于句首。意为“尽管,虽然”。As 虽然也可以表示“尽管,虽然”，但需要构成倒装结构。since和if的意义不通。易错警示：考生对于while用法最熟悉的为以下2种：“当时候，和同时”，引导时间状语从句；连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。但while在此表示“尽管”“虽然”，（此时它引导的不是时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句考生要特别注意此类用法在完型填空的选项中出现！）。又如：While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 尽管工作有难度，但很有趣。/ While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。【高频考点三】：where引导的状语从句 where可以用于引导地点状语从句，其意为“在的地方”，此用法许多同学都不是熟悉，但高考经常考查，应引起特别注意。如：【例1】 If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. (2006天津卷)A. in which B. what C. when D. where试题解析：空格所在的句子没有表示地点的名词，所以判断该部分不是定语从句，引导词后的部分不缺少主语、宾语、定语等成分，也不能用what引导。when表示时间， where表示地点，根据题意应用where引导状语从句。【例2】 Mom, what did your doctor say?He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. (2006四川卷)A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where试题解析： 由live可知，后接居住的地点，由where(的地方)引导一个地点状语从句。没有in where的说法，易排除A；因题干中没有选行词，怎么可能用in which引导定语从句呢？排除B；又因live与the place之间须用in，排除C。句意是“他建议我要住在空气更新鲜的地方。”易错警示：这种类型的题目，学生应该学会区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句的差别。不少考生容易以定式思维轻易判断句子在考察定语从句，而忽略了两者的差别。请记住：如用in which ,句中缺少了定语从句所修饰的先行词，如用 the place where ,place前又缺少了介词。最可能考的几个代词【高频考点一】： 做形式主语或形式宾语的it【例1】_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. （2007 山东卷）AThis BThat CWhat DIt答案D【例2】He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（2007 天津卷）A. this B. that C. it D. these答案C试题解析: 第一句中it指代the way he keeps changing his mind做形式主语；第二句中it指代when and where the meeting would be held做形式宾语。易错警示：很多考生有代词恐惧症，看到考代词就慌了，因为屡战屡败。老师平时强调的比较多，句子以动词开头时，首先考虑是否缺主语。所以拿到例1时心中暗自得意，这个太容易了What worries me呗。在此，以此题为例，请考生记住以下句型：It worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.（it 做形式主语，指代the way he keeps changing his mind）What worries me is that he keeps changing his mind. (what 引导主语从句，请特别注意此句与上句的差别在于句中有明显的动词is )【高频考点二】：对等比较中的that【例1】Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories. （2007 四川卷）A. that B. those C. any D. some答：A【例2】The English spoken in the United States is only slightly