四肢肌幻灯片.ppt

Themusclesoflimbs 陈龙菊 DepartmentofAnatomy 1 掌握 上肢浅层肌肉 三角肌 小圆肌 大圆肌 冈上 下肌 肱二头肌 肱三头肌 臂肌及前臂肌 的名称 分群及作用 掌握 下肢浅层肌肉 髂腰肌 臀大肌 梨状肌 缝匠肌 股四头肌 长收肌 股二头肌 半腱肌 半膜肌 的名称 分群及作用 了解 足背及足底肌的位置 分群和功能 目的与要求 2 Themusclesofupperlimb Accordingtotheirlocations themusclesofupperlimbaredivisibleinto Themusclesofshoulder上肢带肌Themusclesofarm臂肌Themusclesofforearm前臂肌Themusclesofhand手肌 3 ThemusclesofShoulder Deltoid三角肌Supraspinatus冈上肌Infraspinatus冈下肌Teresminor小圆肌Teresmajor大圆肌Subscapularis肩胛下肌 4 Deltoid三角肌 Origin lateralthirdofclavicle acromion andspineofscapulaInsertion deltoidtuberosityofhumerusAction abductsthearm anteriorfibersflexandmediallyrotatearm posteriorfibersextendandlaterallyrotatearm 外展肩关节 预防针注射部位 5 腋神经损伤 三角肌瘫痪 导致 方肩 畸形 6 Origin dorsalsurfaceofinferiorangleofscapulaInsertion crestoflessertubercleofhumerusAction mediallyrotatesandadductsarm 旋内和内收 Teresmajor大圆肌 肌腱袖 7 Themusclesofarm AntereriorgroupBicepsbrachii肱二头肌Coracobrachialis喙肱肌Brachialis肱肌Posteriorgroup tricepsbrachii肱三头肌 8 Origin longhead supraglenoidtubercle shorthead coracoidprocessInsertion radialtuberosityAction flexorofelbowjoint 屈肘 Bicepsbrachii肱二头肌 9 Tricepsbrachii肱三头肌 Origin longhead infraglenoidtubercle lateralhead abovegrooveforradicaln medialhead belowgrooveforradicaln Insertion olecranonofulnaAction extendselbowjoint 伸肘 10 Trilateralforamen三边孔旋肩胛A Quadrilateralforamen四边孔腋N 旋肱后A 11 Themusclesofforearm Superficiallayer从桡侧到尺侧Brachioradialis肱桡肌Pronatorteres旋前圆肌Flexorcarpiradialis桡侧腕屈肌Palmarislongus掌长肌Flexorcarpiulnaris尺侧腕屈 屈肘 旋前 屈腕 腕内收及外展 Anteriorgroup 9 12 Secondlayer flexordigitorumsuperficials指浅屈肌 止于中节指骨体两侧 ThirdlayerFlexorpollicislongus拇长屈肌Flexordigitorumprofundus指深屈肌 止于远节指骨底 13 Fourthlayer pronatorquadratus旋前方肌Action flexelbowjoint radiocarpaljointandfingers pronateforearm 屈肘 屈腕 屈指 前臂旋前 14 Posteriorgroup 10 Superficiallayer 5 Extensorcarpiradialislongus桡侧腕长伸肌Extensorcarpiradialisbrevis桡侧腕短伸肌Extensordigitorum指伸肌Extensordigitiminimi小指伸肌Extensorcarpiulnaris尺侧腕伸肌 伸腕 伸指 腕外展及内收 15 Deeplayer 5 Supinator旋后肌Abductorpollicislongus拇长展肌Extensorpollicisbrevis拇短伸肌Extensorpollicislongus拇长伸肌Extensorindicis示指伸肌Action extendradiocapraljointandfingers andsupinateforearm 展 伸拇指 伸示指 前臂旋后 16 Themusclesofhand Lateralgroup thenar鱼际Abductorpollicisbrevis拇短展肌Flexorpollicisbrevis拇短屈肌Opponenspollicis拇对掌肌Adductorpollicis拇收肌Action flex abduct adductandopposethumb 拇指的屈 展 收和对掌 17 Medialgroup hypothenar 小鱼际 Abductordigitiminimi小指展肌Flexordigitiminimibrevis小指短屈肌Opponensdigitiminimi小指对掌肌Action flex abduct andopposelittlefinger 小指的屈 展和对掌 18 IntermedialgroupLumbricales蚓状肌 4 flexfingersatMPjoints extendfingersatIPjointsPalmarinterossei骨间掌侧肌 3 adductfingerstowardsmiddlefingeratMPjointsDorsalinterossei骨间背侧肌 3 abductfingersawayfrommiddlefingeratMPjoints 19 Musclesoflowerlimb Thelowerlimbsareusedchieflyforthesupportandpropulsionofthebody sothatthemusclesarebrawnyandstrongbutsmallinnumber Themusclesoflowerlimbaredividedinto Musclesofhip髋肌Musclesofthigh大腿肌Musclesofleg小腿肌Musclesoffoot足肌 20 Anteriorgroup 2 Iliopsoas髂腰肌iliacus髂肌psoasmajor腰大肌Tensorfasciaelatae阔筋膜张肌 Musclesofhip 21 iliopsoas髂腰肌Origin Psoasmajor transverseprocessesandlateralsurfaceofbodiesoflumbarvertebraeIliacus iliacfossaInsertion lessertrochanteroffemurAction flexesthighatthehipjoint 屈髋 22 Posteriorgroup 7 Gluteusmaximus臀大肌Gluteusmedius臀中肌Gluteusminimus臀小肌Piriformis梨状肌Obturatorinternus闭孔内肌Obturatorexternus闭孔外肌Quadratusfemoris股方肌 23 Gluteusmaximus臀大肌 Origin glutealsurfaceofiliumanddorsalaspectofsacrumInsertion glutealtuberosityoffemurandiliotibialtractAction extendsandlaterallyrotatesthighathipjoint raisestrunkwhenthelowerlimbisfixed 髋关节伸和外旋 是维持人体直立的重要肌肉 24 Piriformis梨状肌 Origin anteriorsurfaceofsacrumInsertion greatertrochanteroffemurDividedthegreatersciaticforamenintosuprapiriformforamen梨状肌上孔andinfrapiriformforamen梨状肌下孔Action rotatesthighlaterallyathipjoint 髋关节外旋 25 AnteriorgroupSartorius缝匠肌Quadricep股四头肌Rectusfemoris股直肌Vastusmedialis股内侧肌Vastuslateralis股外侧肌Vastusintermedius股中间肌 Musclesofthigh 26 Sartorius缝匠肌 Origin anteriorsuperioriliacspineInsertion uppermedialsurfaceoftibiaAction flexeshipandkneejoints 屈髋 屈膝 是全身最长的肌肉 27 Quadricepsfemoris股四头肌 Origin Rectusfemoris anteriorinferioriliacspineVastusmedialis mediallipoflineaasperaVastuslateralis laterallipoflineaasperaVastusintermedius anteriorsurfaceoffemurInsertion tibialtuberosityviapatellarligamentAction flexeshipandextendkneejoint 屈髋 伸膝 是全身最大的肌肉 28 MedialgroupPectineus耻骨肌Adductorlongus长收肌Adductorbrevis短收肌Adductormagnus大收肌Gracilis股薄肌adductthighathipjoint 髋关节内收 长 短 大 29 PosteriorgroupBicepsfemoris股二头肌Semitendinosus半腱肌Semimembranosus半膜肌Actionflexthelegatkneejointandextendthethighathipjoint 屈膝 伸髋 30 Themusclesofleg AnteriorgroupTibialisanterior胫骨前肌 伸踝 足内翻 Extensorhallucislongus拇长伸肌 伸踝 伸拇 Extensordigitorumlongus趾长伸肌 伸踝 伸第2 5趾 31 LateralgroupPeroneuslongus腓骨长肌Peroneusbrevis腓骨短肌plantarflexandevertthefoot 足跖屈 外翻 32 PosteriorgroupSuperficiallayer Tricepssurae小腿三头肌Origin Gastrocnemius medialandlateralcondylesoffemurSoleus soleallineoftibiaandupperthirdoffibulaInsertion calcaneumviatendocalcaneusAction flexeskneejointandplantar 屈踝 屈膝 33 PosteriorgroupDeeplayerPopliteus腘肌Flexordigitorumlongus趾长屈肌Flexor