Unit-10-I`ve-had-this-bike-for-three-years.doc

词汇精讲1. for/since(1) for与表示一段时间的词连用，表示“做某事多长时间了”，常用于现在完成时，表示从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。for所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。例如：Ive lived in China for two years. 我住在中国两年了。Ive known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他20多年了。(2) since作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如：She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。2. makermaker是名词，意为“生产者；制造者”，是由“动词make + 后缀-r”构成的。英语中，表示职业或身份的名词小结：(1) 以-ist结尾的有：pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家physicist物理学家 scientist科学家 (2) 以-er，-r或-or结尾的有：teacher教师 painter画家 writer作家 singer歌唱家 visitor参观者actor演员 engineer工程师 inventor发明家 professor教授 reporter记者(3) 以-man结尾的有：postman邮递员 policeman警察 businessman商人 spaceman宇航员fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工(4) 以-ian结尾的有：musician音乐家 politician政治家3. certaincertain作形容词，意为“某种；某事；某人”。例如：He decided to sell his certain books. 他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。【拓展】certain作形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的”，相当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事be certain / sure + that从句 确信 例如：They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。Im certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会来。4. a 46-year-old husband and father46-year-old是复合形容词，这种形容词有两个特点：一是词与词之间要用连字符连接；二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。例如：a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子【拓展】岁数的表达方式小结：(1) 基数词 + years old。例如：He is 8 years old. 他八岁了。(2) 基数词-year-old。例如：Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。(3) 名词 + of + 基数词。例如：Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18岁的男孩。(4) at the age of + 基数词。例如：She is at the age of 18. 她18岁了。5. shameshame是不可数名词，意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧”。可与不定冠词a连用，表示“可耻的人或事；可惜（遗憾）的事”。例如：He felt no shame for what he had done. 他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。Its a shame that you cant stay for dinner. 你不能留下吃晚饭，真遗憾。【拓展】shame常见的短语有：feel shame at因而感到羞愧 in shame羞愧地 have no shame无羞耻心with shame羞愧地 to ones shame令某人感到羞愧的是 bring shame on使丢脸6. regardregard作及物动词，意为“注视； 注意；认作”。常用短语regardas意为“将视为；把当作”，as为介词，其后可接名词或代词。例如：I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当作我最好的朋友。We regard him as our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。7. opposite(1) opposite作介词，意为“在对面”，相当于across from，常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。例如：They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。(2) opposite作形容词，意为“另一边的；对面的；相反的”。例如：We live on the opposite side of the road. 我们住在马路对面。(3) opposite作副词，意为“在对面”。例如：Theres an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。(4) opposite作名词，意为“相反的人或物；对立面”，常与介词of一起使用。例如：“Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。8. considerconsider作动词，意为“考虑、认为”，它的后面跟名词、动名词或者从句作宾语。Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。Why dont youI consider that he is a selfish man. 我认为他是一个自私的人。【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：完成，实践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）；错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. 多久_ 2. not any more _3. grow up_ 4. 起初_5. as for _ 6. give up_7. 至少_8. 一年一两次_9. according to _ 10. in order to_ 答案与解析 1. how long 2. 不再 3. 长大 4. at first 5. 至于 6. 放弃 7. at least 8. once or twice a year 9. 根据；按照 10. 为了 II. 根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. All my life I have tried to be an _(诚实的) man.2. He tied a _(围巾) around his neck.3. Please _(检查) your answer again.4. Its very comfortable to step on the _(柔软的) ground in the spring.5. During the 1830s, countries all over the world started to build _(铁路).6. He is the tallest one _(在当中) the boys.7. In judging him you should _(仔细考虑) his youth.8. I have many pleasant _(回忆) of our friendship.9. My little son can _(数数) from one to ten.10. Miss Li _(搜寻) on the Internet for the information she needed. 答案与解析 1. honest 2. scarf 3. check 4. soft 5. railway 6. among 7. consider 8. memories 9. count 10. searched III. 用since或for填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia _ 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _ 1947.6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _ October. 答案与解析 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. for; since 句式精讲1. How long have you had that bike over there?how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如：How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了？How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久？【拓展】how long; how often; how soon的辨析：how long表示“多长时间”，主要对时间段提问。例如： How long is he staying? 他打算待多久？ Hes staying for a week. 他打算待一个星期。how often表示“多久一次”，主要对频率进行提问。例如：How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？Twice a week. 一周两次。how soon意为“还要多久”，多用在一般将来时中。例如：How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来？In an hour. 一小时以后。2. Because I dont read it any more.notany more意为“不再”。not常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，any more常位于句末，相当于no more。no more常位于句中，放在be动词之后，实义动词之前，两者经常可以互换。例如：He doesnt live here any more. = He no more lives here. 他不再住在这里了。【拓展】表示“不再”的词还有notany longer或no longer。二者的区别在于：(1) notany more = no more，表示数量或程度上的“不再”增加，通常修饰终止性动词。例如：The baby isnt crying any more. = The baby is no more crying. 这个婴儿不再哭了。(2) no longer = notany longer表示时间或距离上的“不再”延长，通常修饰延续性的动词。例如：I cant stand it any longer. 我对此再也不能忍受下去了。3. Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things.It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是的”。例如：Its important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。Its necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。【拓展】这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别：(1) 在Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如：Its necessary for the students to do some housework. 对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。(2) 在Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如：Its very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。4. Jim has been in Japan for three days.(1) been是be动词的过去分词形式。(2) have been in 是be in的现在完成时形式，一般与段时间状语连用。例如：He has been in hospital for two months. 他住院已经有两个月了。【拓展】have been to; have been in 与have gone to的辨析：(1) “have/ has been to + 地点”表示“去过某地”，现在已经回来了。例如：Ive been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次。(2)“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地待了一段时间”。例如：Hes been in this school for two years. 他在这所学校待了两年了。(3)“ have/has gone to + 地点”表示“到某地去了”，现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中。例如： Wheres Wei Hua? 魏华在哪里？ She has gone to the zoo. 她到动物园去了。5. But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.这是一个复合句，some things至句末为宾语从句，作thinks的宾语。在该宾语从句中包含由and连接的两个分句，在第二个分句中，“that holds all his childhood memories”是定语从句，修饰先行词place。关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先行词指物时，关系代词可用that或which，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词that或which也可省略。例如：I like clothes that/which are unusual. 我喜欢与众不同的衣服。Pass me the book(that/which) you bought for me yesterday. 把你昨天给我买的那本书递给我。句式精练I. 根据汉语提示完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. 你拥有那边的那辆自行车多长时间了？_ _ _ you _ that bike over there?2. 请查看一下这些玩具是否完好。Please _ _ if these toys are all right.3. 说实在的，我很喜欢美国乡村音乐。_ _ _, I like American country music very much.4. 我在纽约住了几个星期。I have lived in New York for _ _ _ weeks.5. 他不懈地学习着，直到不再讨厌数学为止。He worked and worked until he _ _ hated mathematics.6. 怀特先生的记忆力很差。Mr. White has _ _ _.7. “空的”是“满的”的反义词。“Empty” is _ _ _ “full”.8. 许多警察和官兵正在森林里搜寻从监狱里跑出来的犯人。Many policemen and soldiers are _ the forest _ the prisoner escaping from prison. 答案与解析 1. How long have; had 2. check out 3. To be honest 4. a couple of 5. no longer6. a bad memory 7. the opposite of 8. searching; for II. 句型转化，每空一词。1. He ran in the school for half an hour. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ he run in the school?2. We started to skate two hours ago. (对划线部分提问)_ _ you start to skate?3. They started to play the piano one or two hours ago. (改为同义句)They started to play the piano _ _ _ two ago.4. They have been away from here since two years ago. (改为同义句)_ _ two years _ they left here.5. The man began to work four hours ago. (改为同义句)The man has _ _ four hours.6. I have already finished my homework. (改为否定句)I _ _ my homework _.7. She has cleaned the room. (改为一般疑问句)_ she _ the room?8. Tina bought the car last year. (改为同义句)Tina _ _ the car _ a year. 答案与解析 1. How long did 2. When did 3. one hour or 4. It is; since 5. worked for 6. havent finished; yet7. Has; cleaned 8. has had; for III. 补全对话。A. Who has gone there?B. When are you going there?C. I havent been there, either.D. Ive seen and learnt a lot there.E. What have you done in the holiday?F. Which pavilion do you want to visit most?G. But I hear therere a large number of people every day.M: Yang Liu, the summer holiday is over. _1_W: I have visited the World Expo Garden in Shanghai.M: That must be exciting._2_You must have waited for a long time to visit some wonderful pavilion, didnt you?W: Yes, I did. But I think its worth visiting. _3_M: Youre right. I want to go to the World Expo Garden, too.W:_4_M: Im planning to go during National Day holiday.W:_5_M: The China Pavilion, of course.W: Have a pleasant trip.M: Thanks.答案与解析 1-5 EGDBF巩固练习I. 单项选择。1Have you locked the windows _? YesI have _ locked themAalready：already Byet；yet Cyet；already Dalready；yet2I have bought a nice dress Where _ you _ it?Ahave；bought Bdid；buy Cwill；buy Ddo；buy3Wang Lin says the purpose of staying in the United States is _ more chances _ English from AmericansAto get；to learn Bgetting；to learn Cgetting；in Dto get；getting4My friend，Darren，is coming to visit us. Im looking forward _ himAmeet Bmeeting Cto meet Dto meeting5The radio is too noisy and there is nothing interesting on itWhy dont you _? All rightIll do thatAturn it on Bturn it off Cturn it back Dturn it up6When did you start your math homework? One hour ago，but I _ it yetAdidnt finish BfinishedChave finished Dhavent finished7_ wasnt easy to win the matchAIt BThat CThis DOne8How long have you _ the book? For three daysAborrowed Bkept Clent Dbought9She is one of _ singersI like her very muchAfamous Bthe most famous Cmore famous Dmost famous10I think the question is _ difficult to answerAmost Bmany Ca lot Da bit11Mary is an _ girlShe lives with her grandmotherA8-years-old B8-year-old C8-years old D8 years old12He used to _ up early，and now he gets used to _ up earlyAget；getting Bget；get Cgetting；get Dgetting；getting13According _ Mr. Wang，well go on a trip this weekendAin Bto Cat Dfor14The basketball _ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuanAwhen Bthat Cwho Dwhat15Look! Shes standing _ the ten childrenAamong Bbetween Cof DfromII. 完形填空。In a small town in France，there was a farmer who lived aloneEvery day，he _1_a pound of butter to his neighbour，who was a bakerOne day the baker decided _2_the butter to see if he was getting a poundAfter he weighed(称的重量) it，he found that he wasntThe baker then took _3_farmer to the judge(法官)The judge asked the farmer if he had any way to weigh the butterThe farmer answered，“I am so _4_that I do not have enough money to buy anything to weigh it，_5_I do have a kind of scale(天平).” The judge asked，“Then how do you weigh the butter?”The farmer answered，“Before the baker started buying butter from _6_，I had bought bread from himSo every time when I bring home the bread from the baker，I put it on the scale and give him the butter of the same weight.”We _7_what we give to others in lifeWhenever you take action，ask yourself this _8_“Am I honest?”Honesty or dishonesty can become a _9_Some dishonest people can lie(说谎) without a red faceOthers lie so much that they do not even _10_what the truth is any moreBut who is it bad for? As a matter of fact，those who lie will hurt themselves by their own dishonest behaviour(行为，举止)1A. gave Bfed Cthrew Dsold2Aweigh Bweighing Cto weigh Dweighed3A Ba C. an Dthe4Arich Bpoor C. honest Dquiet5Aand Bso Cbut Dor6AI Bmy Cme Dmine7Aget back Blook back Cgive back Dturn back8Aanswer Bquestion Chelp Didea9Adifference Bhabit Cmistake Ddifficulty10Astudy Bmean Cimagine DknowIII. 阅读理解。ALeonardo da Vinci was born on April 15，1452 in ItalyHe is best known as an artist todayOne of his famous paintings is called Mona LisaHowever，Leonardo had many other natural abilitiesHe was also a great inventorMany of his inventions have become important in modern day lifeAlthough Leonardo hated war，he invented many different machines used for warHis most special invention was the machine gun，which was produced and used in war many years laterBy watching the way birds fly，Leonardo tried to find out the secret of flyingAmong his sketches(素描) we can see several objectsWe consider them as modern flying machinesLeonardo spent many hours thinking about how to make good use of timeHe developed ideas for labor-saving machines like cutting machinesLeonardo was a strange manHe didnt eat any meat，which was unusual in those timesHe never published(发表) his ideas and scientific discoveriesHe usually used mirror writing，which looks like writing in a mirror，starting from the right side of the page and moving to the leftWe have very little of his work todayLeonardo finished only a few of his paintingsHe left many unfinished because he thought they were not perfectNo one in his life time knew how great Leonardo wasWe now believe，however，that he was one of the cleverest men the world has ever known1According to the passage，Leonardo is not only an artist but also _Aan inventor Ban engineer Ca writer Da musician2_ was Leonardos most special inventionAThe mirror writing BThe cutting machineCThe machine gun DThe flying machine3Leonardo was strange，for example，_Ahe didnt eat any vegetablesBhe usually used minor writingChe liked to publish his discoveriesDhe enjoyed drawing flying machines4Leonardo invented some machines to _Astop the war Bhelp paint picturesCwatch the birds Dmake good use of time5From the passage，we can learn that Leonardo was very _Ahumorous Bserious Cclever DlonelyBFifty-three years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toysSince thenBarbie，as everyone called，has become the most Successful toy doll in historyHer parent，the Mattel Company，said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie doll at homeHowever，Barbie is facing some trouble at present(现在)There are many similar dolls on the market in competition with herAnother doll named Bratz, for example，came to life thirteen years agoShe looks more like todays pop stars with heavy makeup(浓妆) and miniskirtsAnd her company offers more kinds of clothes tooIt seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls“For younger girls，playing with a Barbie doll is much funBut when you get older，you want something smarter and more modern，”says Vera Shepherd，a shop assistant in a New York toy storeIt is good news that on the international marketBarbie is still No1Although Mattel is selling fewer Barbie dolls in the United States these years，sales in other countries are still going upIn January 20