综合教程4 Unit 1 Never give in, never,PPT幻灯片.ppt

Unit1Nevergivein never never never Languagework 1 1 Since的用法 HowlongisitsinceyoulivedinShanghai 离开 没住在 上海多久了 ItishalfamonthsincehewasaLeaguemember 他退团 不当团员 半个月了 It sbeenquitesometimesinceIwaslastinLondon 我离开伦敦已很长时间了 比较 HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill 自从我病愈以来 他屡次给我写信 从句谓语为状态动词 HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIfellill 自从我生病以来 他就屡次给我写信 从句谓语为终止性动词 2 Sincewehaveownedacar wehavegonecampingeveryyear 自从我们自己有了汽车 我们每年都去野营 试比较 1 SinceI vebeenatthisschool wehavehadthreeheadmasters 自从我到这所学校 我们已换了三个校长了 SinceIwasatthisschool theyhavehadthreeheadmasters 自从我离开这所学校 他们已换了三个校长了 2 HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill 自从我生病以来 他从未来看过我 HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill 自从我病愈以来 他从未来看过我 3 由此可见 since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反 换言之 前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容 而后者的形式与内容是一致的 至于Itis 一段时间 since 的句型与Ithasbeen 一段时间 since 意思相同 前者是规范说法 后者是口语说法 应注意的是 在这种结构中 since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义 下面两句都错了 Itisalongtimesincehedidn tstudyEnglish It stwomonthssinceyoudidn tcometoseeme 正确的说法为 It salongtimesincehestudiedEnglish他好久没学英语了 Youhaven tcometoseemefortwomonths 你有两个月没来看我了 4 atyourHeadMaster skindinvitationat inresponseto Detailedreading1 atyourHeadMaster skindinvitation1 e g Ameetingwasarrangedattheambassador srequest Atmysuggestion Mrs Careywrotetoherformeremployer Collocations atone sinvitation request suggestion etc Detailedreading Translation 应胡锦涛主席之邀 美国总统将对中国进行国事访问 AttheinvitationofPresidentHuJintao PresidentoftheUnitedStateswillpayastatevisittoChina 5 catastrophic a involvingorcausingsuddengreatdamageorsuffering Detailedreading1 catastrophic Synonym disastrous Detailedreading Collocations catastrophicfloods losses effects results Derivation catastrophen 6 1 adj Somethingthatiscatastrophicinvolvesorcausesasuddenterribledisaster 灾难性的Atidalwavecausedbytheearthquakehitthecoastcausingcatastrophicdamage 地震引发的海啸袭击了海岸 造成了灾难性的损失 Thewatershortageinthiscountryispotentiallycatastrophic 该国水资源的匮乏很可能是灾难性的 2 adj Ifyoudescribesomethingascatastrophic youmeanthatitisverybadorunsuccessful 极糟的 失败的acatastrophicdepression catastrophicillness 7 Detailedreading1 upsanddowns upsanddowns amixtureofgoodthingsandbadthingsn 沉浮 盛衰 高低 e g Sittingbesidethewindow herecalledtheupsanddownsofhisparenthood Detailedreading Translation 从1999年建立以来 公司历经盛衰浮沉 Theorganizationhasexperienceditsupsanddownssinceitwasfoundedin1999 8 Detailedreading1 position position situationataparticulartime Synonym situation Detailedreading e g Itistimethosecompaniesrevealedmoreabouttheirfinancialposition Theirsoccerteamisgoingtobeinaverydifficultpositionifnothingparticularshowsup 9 1 N COUNTThepositionofsomeoneorsomethingistheplacewheretheyareinrelationtootherthings 位置Theshipwasidentified anditsnameandpositionwerereportedtotheCoastGuard 该轮船的身份已得到确认 其名称和位置已报告给了海岸警卫队 2 N COUNTWhensomeoneorsomethingisinaparticularposition theyaresitting lying orarrangedinthatway 姿势Itiscrucialthattheupperbackandneckareheldinanerectpositiontogivesupportforthehead 重要的是 上背和颈部要挺直以支撑头部 这一点很重要 Mr Dambarhadraisedhimselftoasittingposition 丹巴先生已坐了起来 10 3 V TIfyoupositionsomethingsomewhere youputittherecarefully sothatitisintherightplaceorposition 小心放置Positionthecursorwhereyouwantthenewmarginstobegin 将光标放在你所要的新页边空白开端 4 N COUNTYourpositioninsocietyistheroleandtheimportancethatyouhaveinit 社会 地位Adjustmenttotheirchangingroleandpositioninsocietycanbepainfulforsomeoldpeople 对有些老年人适应他们在社会中不断变化的角色和地位可能是痛苦的 5 N COUNTApositioninacompanyororganizationisajob 职位 正式 HeleftacareerinteachingtotakeupapositionwiththeNEH 他放弃了教职 以便在国家人文基金会任职 11 6 N COUNTYourpositioninaraceorcompetitionishowwellyoudidinrelationtotheothercompetitorsorhowwellyouaredoing 比赛 竞赛中的 名次Bytheninthhourthecarwasrunningineighthposition 比赛进行到第9个小时的时候该赛车跑在第8位 7 N COUNTYoucandescribeyoursituationataparticulartimebysayingthatyouareinaparticularposition 处境 状况He sgoingtobeinaverydifficultpositionifthingsgobadlyforhim 他处境将非常困难 如果情况变糟的话 Companiesshouldbemadetorevealmoreabouttheirfinancialposition 应该要求各公司披露更多的财务状况资料 12 8 N COUNTYourpositiononaparticularmatterisyourattitudetowarditoryouropinionofit 态度 看法 正式 Hecouldbedependedontotakeamoderatepositiononmostofthekeyissues 可以相信 他会在大多数关键问题上持温和态度 9 N SINGIfyouareinapositiontodosomething youareabletodoit Ifyouareinnopositiontodosomething youareunabletodoit 做某事的 适当位置Iamnotinapositiontocomment 我不便发表评论 10 PHRASEIfsomeoneorsomethingisinposition theyareintheircorrectorusualplaceorarrangement 在合适的位置上28 000U S troopsaremovingintoposition 2 8万名美国士兵即将到位 13 desperately adv 绝望地 希望渺茫地 铤而走险地 不顾一切地 拼命地Thepresidentsayspeoplearedesperatelysearchingforwork andthegovernmenthasanobligationtoconsidereveryadditionalresponsiblesteppossibletogetthemworkingagain Theyaretryingdesperatelytogetwaterintothatpooltoavoidanucleardisaster adj desperate不顾一切的 令人绝望的 极度渴望的n desperation绝望的境地 不顾一切拼命 14 unmeasured n m d 1 adj measureless limitless无限的adj unmeasurable不可测的 无法计量的 15 menace m n s CET6TEM4 menacing menaced menaces 1 N COUNTIfyousaythatsomeoneorsomethingisamenacetootherpeopleorthings youmeanthatpersonorthingislikelytocauseseriousharm 威胁Inmyview youareamenacetothepublic 在我看来 你对公众是一个威胁 2 N COUNTYoucanrefertosomeoneorsomethingasamenacewhenyouwanttosaythattheycauseyoutroubleorannoyance 烦人之人 烦人之物 非正式 You reamenacetomyprivacy Kenton 你是个侵犯我隐私的讨厌的人 肯顿 16 3 N UNCOUNTMenaceisaqualityoratmospherethatgivesyouthefeelingthatyouareindangerorthatsomeonewantstoharmyou 危险性 威胁性Thereisapervadingsenseofmenace 有一种在蔓延的危险感 4 V TIfyousaythatonethingmenacesanother youmeanthatthefirstthingislikelytocausethesecondthingseriousharm 威胁TheyseemdeterminedtomenacetheUnitedStatesanditsallies 他们好像决心要威胁美国及其盟国 17 Detailedreading2 throwingour throwingourmindsbacktoourmeetingheretenmonthsago recollectingourmeetingatHarrowSchooltenmonthsago e g Pleasethrowyourmindbackto1945 whenpeopleallovertheworldwereengagedinagreatwaragainsttheFascists Detailedreading 18 deceptive d s pt v CET6 TEM41 ADJIfsomethingisdeceptive itencouragesyoutobelievesomethingwhichisnottrue 骗人的Johnstonisn ttiredofLasVegasyet itseems butappearancescanbedeceptive 似乎 约翰斯顿还没有厌倦拉斯韦加斯 但表象可能是骗人的 2 deceptivelyADV骗人地Thestorylineisdeceptivelysimple 故事情节看似简单 n deception欺骗 欺诈 骗术deceptiveness虚伪 迷惑骗人 19 Detailedreading3 meetwith meetwith experience undergo Detailedreading e g Attemptstofindcivilianvolunteershavemetwithembarrassingfailure EffortstoputtheRussianspaceprogrammeintomarkethavemetwithlittlesuccess Shewasworriedthathemighthavemetwithanaccident 20 triumph tra mf CET41 N VARAtriumphisagreatsuccessorachievement oftenonethathasbeengainedwithalotofskilloreffort 胜利 成就Thechampionshipsprovedtobeapersonaltriumphforthecoach 那些冠军称号证明了教练戴夫 多诺万的个人成就 2 N UNCOUNTTriumphisafeelingofgreatsatisfactionandprideresultingfromasuccessorvictory 成功或胜利的 喜悦Hersenseoftriumphwasshort lived 她喜悦的感觉是短暂的 3 V IIfsomeoneorsomethingtriumphs theygaincompletesuccess control orvictory oftenafteralongordifficultstruggle 成功 获胜Allherlife Kellyhadstuckwithdifficulttasksandchallenges andtriumphed 凯利在一生中遭遇了种种艰巨任务与挑战 但成功了 21 impostor m p st alsoimposterTEM81 N COUNTSomeonewhoisanimpostorisdishonestlypretendingtobesomeoneelseinordertogainanadvantage 假冒者 冒名顶替者Hewasanimposterwhomasqueradedasadoctor 他是位冒牌医生 22 Detailedreading3 imagination imaginationmakesthingsoutfarworse whatoneimaginestendstobeworsethanreality e g Howdoyoumakethatout whatareyourreasonsforthinkingthat wh Ican tmakeoutwhatshewants Detailedreading makeout seeorunderstand Paraphrase Ican tmakeouthowtoputitback Idon tknow understandhowtoputitback 23 Detailedreading3 far reaching far reaching TEM41 ADJIfyoudescribeactions events orchangesasfar reaching youmeanthattheyhaveaverygreatinfluenceandaffectagreatnumberofthings 影响深远的Theeconomyisindangerofcollapseunlessfar reachingreformsareimplemented 除非实施影响深远的改革 否则经济就有崩溃的危险 e g Theconsequencesofthedecisionwillbefar reaching Theydecidedtocarryonfar reachingconstitutionalreforms Collocations far reachingconsequences implications changes reforms Detailedreading 24 addressCET4TEM4名词读作 dr s或 dr s 动词读作 dr s 1 N COUNTYouraddressisthenumberofthehouseorapartmentandthenameofthestreetandthetownwhereyouliveorwork 地址2 N COUNTTheaddressofawebsiteisitslocationontheInternet forexample 网址 计算机 Fulldetails includingthewebsiteaddresstologonto areatthebottomofthispage 包括要登陆的网址的完整信息在本页下端 25 3 V TIfaletter envelope orparcelisaddressedtoyou yournameandaddresshavebeenwrittenonit 写 收信人的 姓名地址 usupassive Applicationsshouldbeaddressedto Thebusinessaffairseditor 申请信应该寄给商务编辑 4 V TIfyouaddressagroupofpeople yougiveaspeechtothem 作演讲Heisduetoaddressaconferenceonhumanrightsnextweek 他下周要在一个人权会议上发言 5 N COUNTAddressisalsoanoun 演讲HehadscheduledanaddresstotheAmericanpeoplefortheeveningofMay27 他已经安排在5月27日晚向美国人民作一个演讲 26 conviction n CET4TEM4 Detailedreading5 conviction e g Shewasmotivatedbydeepreligiousconvictions Infaceofdifficulty heheldaconvictionthatallwouldbewellintheend Detailedreading 1 astrongopinionorbelief坚定的信念 usuNthat 2 U thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsth stronglyorofbeingsureaboutit坚信 e g Hesaidheagreedbuthisvoicelackedconviction Theleader sspeechindefenseofthepolicydidn tcarrymuchconviction Weshall sir saidThorne withconviction 索恩坚定地说 先生 我们会的 Collocations political moralconvictions 27 nevergiveinorsurrendertotheseeminglystrongenemy neveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingmightoftheenemy Detailedreading5 yield Detailedreading yield v yield tosth sb formalorliterary giveupcontrol of e g Afteralongsiege围攻 包围 thetownwasforcedtoyield Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands Ifthenewlyfoundedregimedoesnotyield itshouldfacesufficientmilitaryforcetoensureitscertaindefeat Iyieldedtotemptationandhadachocolatebar Synonym surrender Paraphrase 28 overwhelming 1 ADJIfsomethingisoverwhelming itaffectsyouverystrongly andyoudonotknowhowtodealwithit 强悍而令人难以应对的Thetaskwon tfeelsooverwhelmingifyoubreakitdownintosmall easy to accomplishsteps 如果你把这个任务分解成一个个容易完成的小步骤 就不会觉得那么难以应对 Theotherwomenallseemedoverwhelminglyconfident 其他的女士们似乎都令人难以应对地自信 2 ADJYoucanuseoverwhelmingtoemphasizethatanamountorquantityismuchgreaterthanotheramountsorquantities 数量上 压倒性的 强调 Theoverwhelmingmajorityofsmallbusinessesgobrokewithinthefirsttwenty fourmonths 绝大多数的小公司在最初的24个月里破产 Overwhelminglyadv 数量上 压倒性地Thepeoplevotedoverwhelminglyforchange 人们以绝对多数投票赞成变革 29 Detailedreading5 overwhelming Theevidenceagainsthimwasoverwhelming Shehadthealmostoverwhelmingdesiretotellhimthetruth e g Detailedreading overwhelming a verygreatinamount Derivation overwhelm v defeatormakepowerless usu agroupofpeople bymuchgreaterforceofnumbers e g tooverwhelmtheopposingarmy Translation 压倒性的大多数表决反对这个提议 Anoverwhelmingmajorityvotedagainsttheproposal 30 liquidate l kw de t TEM81 V TToliquidateacompanyistocloseitdownandsellallitsassets usuallybecauseitisindebt 清算 商业 Aunanimousvote 全票通过 wastakentoliquidatethecompany 投票一致通过对这家公司进行清算 liquidationN VAR清算Thecompanywentintoliquidation 这家公司进入了停业清理阶段 2 V TIfacompanyliquidatesitsassets itspropertysuchasbuildingsormachineryissoldinordertogetmoney 将资产换成现金 商业 ThecompanycloseddownoperationsandbeganliquidatingitsassetsinJanuary 这家公司在1月份停止运作 开始把其资产折换成现金 31 flinch fl nt 1 V IIfyouflinch youmakeasmallsuddenmovement especiallywhensomethingsurprisesyouorhurtsyou 畏缩 usuneg Leostaredbackathimwithoutflinching 利奥毫不畏缩地回瞪着他 2 V IIfyouflinchfromsomethingunpleasant youareunwillingtodoitorthinkaboutit oryouavoiddoingit 退缩Theworldcommunityshouldnotflinchinthefaceofthischallenge 该国际团体不应该在这一挑战面前退缩 3 Ntheactoraninstanceofdrawingback退缩 32 Detailedreading6 persevere Detailedreading persevere v continueinacourseofactioneveninthefaceofdifficultyorwithlittleornoindicationofsuccess Collocations persevere insth indoingsth persevere withsth sb Despiteanumberofsetbacks theyperseveredintheirattemptstoflyaroundtheworldinaballoon Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons e g Derivations perseveringa perseverancen 33 adj persistent固执的 坚持的 持久稳固的persevering坚忍的 不屈不挠的adv persistently坚持地 固执地perseveringly坚定地n perseverance坚持不懈 不屈不挠persistence持续 固执 存留perseveration持续言语 指言语反复不止的病态 持续重复的行为 执拗 34 Detailedreading7 compliment1 compliment v politelycongratulateorpraise sb forsth e g ShecomplimentedhimonhisexcellentGerman Detailedreading Collocation complimentsb onsth Thesewordshavesimilarspellingsbutcompletelydifferentmeanings Ifyoucomplimentsomeone yousaysomethingverynicetothem Ifonethingcomplementsanother thetwothingsworkorlookbetterbecausetheyaretogether Comparison compliment complement 35 Detailedreading7 compliment2 A Thedifferentflavorseachotherperfectly B ShemeonmyEnglish complement Detailedreading complimented Blankfilling 36 stern st n CET6TEM41 ADJSternwordsoractionsareverysevere 话语或行为 严厉的Mr Monroeissuedasternwarningtothosewhopersistinviolence 门罗先生向那些顽守暴力之徒发出严厉警告 sternlyADV严厉地 Wewilltakethenecessarysteps shesaidsternly 我们将采取必要措施 她严厉地说道 2 ADJSomeonewhoissternisveryseriousandstrict 苛刻的Herfatherwassternandhardtoplease 她父亲苛刻 不易讨好 3 Ntherearorafterpartofavessel oppositetheboworstem船尾 艉 37 Detailedreading8 venturetodosth Collocations venturesth venturetodosth venture speech venturethat Detailedreading venturetodosth bebraveenoughtosaysth e g Shehardlydaredtoventureanopinion Shewouldneverventuretoaskforaraise AndifIsayno sheventured Translation 我小心翼翼地说她可能犯了个错误 Iventuredtosuggestthatshemighthavemadeamistake 38 Detailedreading1 youarebeginning youarebeginningtofeelimpatientthattherehasbeenthislonglull Paragraph1 Paraphrase Youarebeginningtobeanxiousbecausetherehasbeennoprogressofthewarinsuchalongquietperiod Detailedreading 39 Detailedreading3 appearances appearancesareoftenverydeceptive Paragraph3 Paraphrase Surfacephenomenatendtobemisleading Detailedreading 40 Detailedrea