定语从句复习 (2).ppt

定语从句 定语从句在句中相当于形容词 来修饰名词和代词作定语 从句的位置 在名词或代词后 先行词 被定语从句修饰的词 关系词 关系词的作用 1 引导定语从句 2 在从句中作一成份 3 代替先行词在从句中的位置 一 as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有 thesame asas assuch asso as主句中出现thesame as such so修饰先行词 需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语 1 SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish 2 ThisisthesamebookasIlost 3 Shewillmarryashealthyamanasshecanfind 4 Thereissowarmahouseaswewanttolivein 5 Hehassodifficultaproblem asnoneofuscansolve 2 区别thesameas与thesamethatsuch as与such thatThisisthesamepenasIlost 同一类 不是同一支 同一支 就是那支 TheyhadsuchafiercedogasIhadneverseen Theyhassuchafiercedogthatnoonedaredtogoneartheirhouse as在定语从句作seen的宾语 that在从句中不作成分 that引导结果状语从句 ThisisthesamepenthatIlost 1 Thegirl isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter 2 Thegirl ourteacheristalkingwithisherdaughter 3 Thegirl motherisfromBritaincanspeakEnglishverywell 4 Ican tfindthebook isborrowedfromthelibrary who that whom who that whose which that Fillintheblankwithproperrelativepronoun Jointhesentence Drawingisakindofart Iknowlittleaboutdrawing Drawingisakindofart that which Iknowlittleabout Drawingisakindofartthat whichIknowlittle about X Thepersonismymathsteacher Ilearnedalotfromtheperson Mymathsteacheristheperson whom that Ilearnedalotfrom Mymathsteacheristhepersonwhom thatIlearnedalot from X Theattributiveclauseintroducedbyprep which Theattributiveclauseintroducedbyprep whom 1 关系代词作介词宾语 当介词前置时 只能用whom指人 which指物 但如果介词后置 则不受这种限制 关系代词还可以省去 特别是在口语中 如 Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking Doyouknowtheboy that shewastalkingto Thepencil which that hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke 2 介词的选用原则 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配或介词短语的习惯搭配来决定 也可根据句子意思来决定 onwhichIspentfiveYuan forwhichIpaidfiveYuanThisisthebookfromwhichIlearntalotaboutwhichTomoftentalks 这是我正在找的手表 Thisisthewatch which that Iamlookingfor ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康 Thebabies whom who that thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareallveryhealthy 3 有的短语动词与介词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 如 lookfor lookafter takecareof等 Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamousdoctor Thisistheteacher isafamousdoctor 代词 数词 名词 形容词比较级 最高级等 of which whom1 名词 介词 关系词 常见结构拓展 thedaughterofwhom RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase 花瓶 wasveryreasonable 合理的 A whichpriceB thepriceofwhichC itspriceD thepriceofwhose Wehavethreeforeignteachers arefromCanada 其中的两个 2 数词 介词 关系代词 含基数词 序数词 分数和百分数 twoofwhom Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear 80 aresoldabroad A ofwhichB whichofC ofthemD ofthat 3 代词 介词 关系代词 代词有all both none neither either some any等 Theoldwomanhastwosons areteachers 两个都是 bothofwhom Lastweek twopersonscametoseethehouse wantedtobuyit A bothoftheyB neitherofwhomC bothofthemD allofwhom 4 形容词最高级 介词 关系代词 Chinahasthousandsofislands isTaiwanIsland 其中最大的 thelargestofwhich Therearetwobuildings standsnearlyahundredfeethigh A thelargerB thelargerofthemC thelargeronethatD thelargerofwhich 5 介词 关系代词 名词 Hespentfouryearsincollege hestudiedmedicine 在那段时间内 duringwhichtime Intheoffice Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5 30p m timemanypeoplehavegonehome A whoseB thatC onwhichD bywhich Thiswastheknife hecutdownthetree Tomistheperson IoftenturnforhelpwhenIamintrouble TomorrowisTom sbirthday Heistheperson Iwillbuyagift We llvisitthebeautifulvillage Marycomes Thisisthebuilding standsatalltree towhom forwhom withwhich infrontofwhich behindwhich fromwhich Fillingintheblanks 1 定语从句中关系副词有 when where why2 关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份 关系副词在定语从句中都作状语 when作时间状语 where作地点状语 why作原因状语 如 定语从句中关系副词的用法 Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime when作时间状语 意为ontheday where作地点状语 意为intheplace why作原因状语 意为forthereason 3 并非先行词是表示时间 地点和原因的词时都用when where why 若先行词在定语从句中不作状语 而是作主语或宾语 就必须用which或that 如 Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside which在定语从句中作宾语 比较 Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside when在定语从句中作时间状语 相当于duringthedays Webelievethereasonthathetoldus 比较 Thereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown 4 关系副词when where和why也可用 介词 which 来代替 要注意其先行词 名词 与介词的合理搭配 介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定 when相当于 at in during which where相当于 in at on which why相当于 for which 如 Isthisthedaywhen onwhichIvisitedthemuseum Pleaseputtheletteronthedeskwhere onwhichhecaneasilyfindit Thisisthereasonwhy forwhichhedidn tcometothemeeting I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague 句中when相当于onwhich where在定语从句中作地点状语 相当于 介词 关系代词 which 如 ThisistheroomwhereLuXunoncelived 句中where相当于inwhich Detailedexplanation When在定语从句中作时间状语 相当于 介词 关系代词 which 如 why在定语从句中作原因状语 相当于 介词for 关系代词 which 如 Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate Itrainedheavily forwhichhewaslatefortheclass 思考 是否所有的介词 关系代词都能用关系副词代替 1 Thesungivesusheatandlight wecan tlive 2 Thebook Iheard waswrittentwentyyearsago withoutwhich aboutwhich 3 Thepen shewrotethatbookcannowbeseeninamuseum 4 Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround 5 Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse thegreatwriterusedtolive withwhich where inwhich where inwhich 6 Iwillneverforgottheday Ifirstmetyouontheship 7 Thefilm Ifellasleep wasveryboring 结论 只有当 介词 关系代词 充当地点状语 时间状语或原因状语时 才能用关系副词代替 onwhich when duringwhich 如何判断关系副词与关系代词 方法一 取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面无宾语 就必须要求用关系代词 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能正确选择出关系代词 关系副词 先行词在从句中做主 定 宾语时 选择关系代词 先行词在从句中做状语时 应选择关系副词 判断改错ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear which2 IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside which3 ThisisthemountainvillagewhichIstayedlastyear where4 I llneverforgetthedayswhichIworkedwithyou when 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能正确选择出关系代词 关系副词 例1 Isthisthemuseum youvisitedafewdaysago A whereB thatC onwhichD theone例2 Isthisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld A whereB thatC onwhichD theone B A Multiplechoices 1 Thebraveman thetigerwasshotisagoodhunter A bywhichB bywhomC bythatD ofwhom 2 Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear 80 aresoldabroad 04辽宁 A ofwhichB whichofC ofthemD ofthat3 Shehasn tgotenoughmoneytobuytherings A whichB thatC withwhichD forwhich 4 RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase wasveryreasonable 00上海 A whichpriceB thepriceofwhichC itspriceD thepriceofwhose5 Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths thesailingtimewas226days 04广西 A ofwhichB duringwhichC fromwhichD forwhich6 Americanwomenusuallyregardtheirbestfriendassomeone theycantalk