英语视听说—第三单元PPT幻灯片.ppt

United3 GenderDifferences 1 Partonewhydon tWeThinkAlike Max Oh whatisyourtactic What syourapproachtogettingajobhere Anne Well youknow IreallythinkalotofpeopleareusingtheInternetnowtofindajob Ithinkit sagoodway ButIthinkthatgettingapersonaltouchisalittlebetter Maybeyou llleaveabiggerimpressionon Katecomes Kate Hi Anne Hi Max Max Hi Kate Howareyou Kate I mfine Thankyou Anne Comeandgetyourcoffee Kate Yeah thankyousomuch Mm it sgood How syourjobsearch 2 Anne Uh notsogood I vebeenbusyallweek butIhaven tfoundanythingyet Idon tknow Youknow wetalkabouthowliberatedweare butinfactIthinkwomenarestilldiscriminatedagainstallthetime Max Idon tknow Anne Accordingtothelaw womenhavethesameopportunitiesineducationandemployment You vegotyourcareers justlikemen youcangetmarriedordon tgetmarriedifyouwantto Ifyouaskme you vegotthebestofbothworlds Kate It ssoeasytosaythat Max Butasagirl discriminationbeginsassoonasyou reborn We regivendolls littlecookingsetsandfairytalesforourbirthdays itisyouboyswhogetcomputergames littletoycarsandballgames Max Yes well butthetruthisthatsomescientistsandresearchersfeelthatthebrainsaswellasthebehaviorsofmenandwomenaredifferent Ineverydaylife itseemsthesexesact reactandperformdifferently 3 Youknow whenitcomestotoys alittlegirlwillsetupherspoons plasticcupsandsaucersatatable whileherbrotherassembleshisLegosintoagunandambushestheparty Andthem later whentheyareadults weknowwhendrivingandnotknowingthedirection awomanwillstoptoaskdirectionsorreadhermap whilemenusuallyjustchargeahead Theydon taskfordirections Theydon treadamap andtheyoftengetlost Anne Whatyousaysoundstrue but Max There sabigdifferencewhenitcomesrelationships Womenseemmoreabletopickupsubtletonesofavoiceorfacialexpressionjustbyobservingorusingtheirintuition Menarelesssensitive Thesemaybestereotypes butasgeneralizationstheyoftenseemtrueenoughtomakesomescientistsbelievethattheyaremorethanjuststereotypes Anne Yeah butsomeprofessionalsinthefieldfeelit snotourbrainsthatmakeusactsodifferently it ssocietyandthewaythatweareencouragedtoactwhenweareyoung Uh whenthey reyoung girlsareencouragedtoplaywiththedollsandhostmake believeteaparties whileboysaregivenabaseballmittandtaughttoplayactivegames Boysareoftentaughttobetougherandnottocry 4 Kate Well it sthesameatschool Girlsareencouragedtotakemusic artandhomeeconomics butboysseldomtakethesecourses Max Butwhataboutallthewomenwhogotouniversity Actually womentakethesamecoursesasmen andendupinthesameprofessionsasmen Kate True Butmanywomenknowtheyhavetoacollegeeducationinorderforthemtogetawell paidjob Inmymother sgenerationmanywomengraduatedfromhighschool thentheywentontotakeasecretarialcourse Manybecamesecretariesandtheyworkedformenwhotreatedthemlikesecond classcitizens Anne Yes andsomewomenstilltakenon careerjobs Exceptforteachingandnursing theradioofmentowomenin uh management technology andtheprofessionsisgenerallydisproportionatelyhigh uh althoughIagree uh ithasbeenslowlychangingforthepastfiftyyears 5 Max ButIthought nowadays themostqualifiedperson manorwoman gotthejob Anne Notveryoften Therearestillemployerswhofeelthatwomenreallydon tneedtowork Theyassumethatafterayearortwothewomanwillleaveherjobandgohomeandraiseafamily Max Butsurelymostresponsiblefirmsprovideformaternityleave orchildcare Kate Butnotnearlyenoughofthemdo Anotherproblems somewomenstillfeelthat nothavingchildren theywon tbeproperlyfulfilled Iftheydohavechildrenandgooutandwork theyfeelguiltybecausetheycan tspendtimewiththem Mm andanotherthing amarriedwomanwhoworksalldayashardasherhusbandisstillexpectedtocomehome cleanthehouse dotheshoppingandcookingwhileherhusbandiswatchingTV Bythetimeshegetstobed sheiswornout 6 Max Timesarechanging Moreandmorewomenareinvolvedinsportswhichwereonceonlyavailabletomen Anne Yes butpeoplestillassociatesportswithmen Mostadultwomencanrememberatimewhentheywereyoung whentheyheard Youarejustagirl Youcan tplay Howoftenhavegirlsheardthiswhentheirbrothersweregettingreadytoplayagameofbaseballorfootball Kate Untilrecently womenhavebeenexpectedtositandcheerforthemen Max Now everywhere women steamscompeteinalmosteverykindofsport Forthepastonehundredyeasthejoboflookingafterteam suniformsfelltothemother orwifeofoneoftheplayers Perhaps nowthatgirlsareplayersthemselves itwillbethefathersthatwillhavetowashandrepair cleanandmakereadytheuniformsfornextSaturday sgame Anne Yes it schanging butslowly 7 Part2 Listening1 8 Listening BobWhite Goodmorning Dr Herring Webothknowthatmanycommunicationspecialistsbelievethatgenderbiasexistsinlanguage cultureandsociety Douthinkthisisreallyso Dr Herring Yes Icertainlydo Howwetalkandlistencanbestronglyinfluencedbyculturalexpectations andthesebeginduringchildhood Childrenusuallyplaytogetherwithotherchildrenofthesamegender andthisiswhereourconversationalstyleislearned BobWhite Canyougivesomespecificexample Dr Herring Certainly Wefindthatgirlsuselanguagemainlytodevelopclosenessorintimacyasabasisforfriendship Boys onthecontrary uselanguagemainlytoearnstatusintheirgroup 9 BobWhite But incommunicationbyelectronicdeviceslikeemaildiscussiongroups thereshouldbenogenderdistinctionifwriters namesarenotusedinthemessages Dr Herring Onemightthinkso butinfact emailwritingstyleismostcomparablewithspokenlanguage sobasiclanguagestylesarestillevident BobWhite Ithoughtemailmessagesweregenderneutral Dr Herring No WhiletheoreticalgenderequalityexistsfortheInternet inrealitywomenarenotgivenequalopportunitybecauseofdifferentcommunicationandlanguagestylesbetweenthesexes BobWhite Howdoesthathappen Doyouhaveanyhardfactstobackupthisimpression 10 Dr Herring Yes I vedonearesearchprojectusingrandomlyselectedemailmessagesfromonlinediscussiongroups Ifoundthatfemalesuselanguagethatismorecollaborativeandsupportivesuchas Thanksforallyourtipson Goodpoint and Hopethishelps Mentendtousemoreaggressiveorcompetitivelanguagesuchas Doyouunderstandthat Youshouldrealizethat Itisabsurdtothink BobWhite HowgreatarethesegenderdifferenceDr Herring Maleswrotemessagesusingaggressive competitivelanguagemorethantwiceasoftenasfemalesdid whilefemalesusedcollaborativeandsupportivelanguagethreetimesasoftenasmalesdid Inthisstudy itisclearthatthereisagenderdifferenceinemailmessagesjustasthereisinothercommunicationstyles BobWhite Sothe battleofthesexes isstillwithus evenonline 11 PartThreePracticeOne BoysandGirls Equal doesnotalwaysmean thesame Menandwomenarecreatedequal But boysandgirlsarenotbornthesame Youthrowalittlegirlaball anditwillhitherinthenose Youthrowalittleboyaball andhewilltrytocatchit Thenitwillhithiminthenose Ababygirlwillpickupastickandlookinwonderatwhatnaturehasmade Ababyboywillpickupastickandturnitintoagun WhengirlsplaywithBarbiedolls theyliketodressthemupandplayhousewiththem WhenboysplaywithBarbiedolls theyliketoteartheirhairoff 12 Boyscouldn tcarelessiftheirhairisuntidy Butforgirls iftheirhairgotcutaquarter inchtooshort theywouldratherlockthemselvesintheirroomfortwoweeksthanbeseeninpublic Babygirlsfindmommy smakeupandalmostinstinctivelystartpaintingtheirfaces Babyboysfindmommy smakeupandalmostinstinctivelystartpaintingthewalls Boysgrowtheirfingernailslongbecausethey retoolazytocutthem Girlsgrowtheirfingernailslong notbecausetheylooknice butbecausetheycandigthemintoaboy sarm Girlsareattractedtoboys evenatanearlyage Atanearlyage boysareattractedtodirt Mostbabygirlstalkbeforeboysdo Beforeboystalk theylearnhowtomakemachine gunnoises Girlsturnintowomen BoysturnIntobiggerboys 13 PracticeTwoWhataNaughtyBoy Inordertounderstandthisstory youhavetoknowthenurseryrhymeHickoryDickoryDock Inthisnurseryrhyme thewordsinthetitlehavenomeaning Therhymegoeslikethis HickoryDickoryDock Themouseranuptheclock Theclockstruckone Themouserandown HickoryDickoryDock Hereisthestory 14 OnedayItookmyseven year oldsonwithmetoshopforanelectricwallclockforthekitchenandfoundawholecounterfullofthemonsaleatadiscountstore Ihadtroubledecidingwhichclocktobuy WhileIheldoneclockinmyhandandlookedatanother Iaskedmysonwhichonehelikedbetter Theoneyou reholdingwiththemouseinit Mom hesaid BeforeIunderstoodhiswords areal livemousejumpedoutontothecounterandranaway Iscreamedsoloudeveryoneturnedtoseewhatwaswrong Iwassoembarrassed Itriedtomakemywayquietlyoutofthestore Everyonewslookingatme Onthewayoutthedoor mydelightedsonrecitedHickoryDickoryDock Whatanaughtyboy 15 PracticeThreeOpenYourOwnDoor John Cathy doyouthinkit sappropriteforfemalestocontinuouslyexpectguystobehaveinastandardgentlemanlyfashionlikeopeningthecardoors Cathy well Ithinkitwouldbeniceifmencoulddosuchthings John Mysideofthestoryisthatweallhavetoadmitthatwearelivingintheworldofchange Right Nowdays sometimesthequestionchangesifthedriverisagrilandthepassengerisguywhodoesn tdrive Sowhathappens Shouldthegrilopenthedoorfortheguyorshouldtheguyopenthedoorforthegril Maybeweshouldjustadoptan openyourowndoor policy Cathy Yes Iagree John But sometimesit sjustamatterofcorutesy Itdoesn tmatterwhoopensthedoorforwhom Maybefemalsjustshouldnotexpecttoomuch Lifeisn tfairytaleafterall John It sabsolutelyture SometimesIfeelthatthereisn tanydifferenceintherolesbothgenderscanperform 16 OfcoruseI mnotsayingthatmencangivebirth RatherwhatImeantwasexceptforthephysicalandnaturaldifferencesbetweenbothsexes thereisn tmuchdifferencebetweenthem Cathy Well Butseriously thoughIdon texpectguystoopendoorsforme ortopulloutachairforme Iamusuallyquiteimpressediftheydoso asmanyguysdon tdoitnowadays Iftheguywaswalkinginfrontofmeandwentthroughthedoorfirst I dappreciateitifhecouldholdthedoorandnotletitslamimmyface John Well ifI mtheonewalkinginfront Iwillopenthedoorandholditforthepeoplebehindme beitagirloraboy Iactuallyhadthedoorslamrightimmyfaceanumberoftimesthough whenthepersonwalkingcloselyinfrontofmedidn tholdtheheavyglassdoorandletitswingbackimmyface Ofcourse Itriedtoholdthedoor butitwastooheavyandtoolate ButIthingitwasmoreembrassingforhimthanmeaseveryonewaslookingathim whileIwasrubbingmysquashednose Cathy Sobeingagentlemandoesnotstopatopeningdoors TherearemanyotheraspectsIbelieve 17 PracticeFourHowDoWeLearnGenderRoles Howdowelearngenderroles Doyouknowhowyoulearnedtobeawoman Doyouknowhowyoulearnedtobeaman Whatmakesthedifferenceintermsofgenderandourrolesinsociety Evenwhenourphysicalstructuresarerevealedtobereallysimilar womenandmen tend toplaydifferentrolesinsociety InanarticleinthelatestissueofPsychologyToday wefindastudythatreflectshowparentsoffifteengirlbabiesandfifteenboybabiesdifferedintheirdescriptionsoftheirbabies Despitethefactthatobjectivedatasuchasbirthlength weight irritability etc didnotdiffer whentheparentswereaskedtodescribetheirbabies theysaidthatgirlbabiesweresofter littler morebeautiful prettier cuterthanboybabies 18 Basedonthesefacts wecouldconcludethatparents attitudeisinfluencingtheirchildren Ourparentsandlaterourschool televisionandtheInternetareshowingusawholesetofexpectedbehaviorsthatcreateourpatterns Thus asimplecartooncansuggesttochildrenhowtheyaresupposedtoact Malecartooncharactersarenotonlymoreprominentthanfemalecharacters buttheyalsoportrayabroaderrangeofmasculinetraits Malecharactersarepowerful strong smartandaggressive Ofcourseroleshavebeenchangingoverthepastdecades Nowadays womenarenotnecessarilyexpectedtostayhomeraisingtheirfamilyandsupportingtheirhusbands Inthesameway menarenolongerexpectedtobetheonlybreadwinnersliketheyusedtobe nowwomenandmensharetheseresponsibilities Buttraditionalrolesstillhaveabighaveabiginfluence 19 PartFoursection TheIdealWoman Paul HeyGary You vebeenstandinghereallnight Getoutanddancewithsomeonelikethatgirloverthere Gary Noway She smoreoftheintellectualtype Paul Whatkindofwomandoyoulike Gary Iwantawomanthatfulfillsmyeveryneed andthatgirlisnottherighttype Paul Hey Wherehaveyoubeen Timesarechanging andyou renevergoingtofindawomanthatwillshineytourshoesandfillyourbeermugallthetime Wakeup Gary Ohreally I vemetalotofwomenlikethat justnotatthisparty Ipreferwomenthatstayhome cook clean andwatchthekids 20 Paul Okay butwheredoyoufitintothiswonderfulplan Imean whatareyourhouseholdresponsibilitiesonceyougethomefromwork Gary Hmm Eat watchTV andthrowoutthetrash Paul Wait wait wait Ican tbelieveI mhearingthis You renevergoingtogetmarried Irecentlyreadanewsreportthatsays40percentofwomendon tthinktheirhusbandsdotheirsharearoundthehouse andyouseemtofitintothatmold Gary That sinteresting Paul butthatdoesn tchangemypointofview IguessI llhavetosettleforTVdinnersandmydog Bob Paul Ithinkso Well Ilikewomenwhoareopen mindedandhavesomethinginterestingtosay AndifIstickwithyouhere thisisgoingtobealong lonelynight SayhellotoBobforme 21 Section GenderStereotypes Itismybeliefthatgenderstereotypesareveryrealgendercharacteristicsthatareexaggeratedtotheextremeendswithnograyareas Sointruthawomanis weak physicallyonlybecauseamanisinreality stronger Awomanis submissive onlybecauseamaninrealityismore aggressive Awomanis emotional onlybecauseamanis lessemotional Allthesearescientificfacts Aretherewaystoavoidthestereotyping Thisisahardthingtodo Weasmalesandfemaleslovetoexaggerateourdifferences Itseemswelovetodothisinmanyways 22 Welovetoexaggerategendertraitsasiftosay LookhowfemaleIam or LookhowmaleIam Dowegosofarastoactuallycreatedifferencesthatdonotexist NotfromwhatIsee Ithinkweliketoexaggerateourdifferencesbecausethemoremalewefeelorthemorefemalewefeelthemoreattractivewefe