句子合并的语法精彩.doc

句子合并的语法精彩英语的句子按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句有五个基本句型：1.主语+系动词+表语2.主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）3.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语并列句是两个简单句通过and,or, but,so 等连接在一起的句子。复合句是含有一个或一个以上的从句的句子。从句有名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。请看下面两个简单句：1. 他考试不及格。 He didnt pass the exam.( 主语+谓语+宾语)He failed in the exam. (主语+谓语+状语）2. 他的家人很失望。 His family were disappointed. （主语+系动词+表语）以上两个简单句，我们怎样才能合并成一个高级的句子呢？最重要的是，我们要理解句子间的逻辑关系，然后用并列句和复合句表达出来。因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。1.His family were disappointed because he hadnt passed the exam.(含的_复合句)2. As /Because he hadnt passed the exam , his family were disappointed. (含_的复合句)3. He didnt pass the exam ,so his family were disappointed.（_句）4. His family were disappointed that he hadnt passed the exam. （that 引导_的复合句，主要放在表示情感意义的形容词之后，如：sorry,glad, happy,delighted,pleased等）他的家人很失望是因为他考试不及格。5.That his family were disappointed was because he hadnt passed the exam.（含_的复合句）6. The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadnt passed the exam. (含_的复合句)他考试不及格使得他的家人很失望。7.That he hadnt passed the exam made his family disappointed. (含_复合句)8.It made his family disappointed that he hadnt passed the exam.(含_复合句，it是形式主语)9.It was that he hadnt passed the exam that made his family disappointed.(_句型，强调主语从句) 他考试不及格，这使得他的家人很失望。10.He didnt pass the exam, and it made his family disappointed.(_句)11. He didnt pass the exam, which made his family disappointed.(含定_复合句) 得知他考试不及格后，他的家人很失望。12. After his family learned that he hadnt passed the exam, they were disappointed.(含_复合句)13. After his family were told that he hadnt passed the exam, they were disappointed. (含_复合句)14.His family were disappointed at the news that he hadnt passed the exam.(含_的复合句) 当然，合并简单句不一定非要用并列句和复合句。我们也可以用含非谓语的动词的句子来表达。我们应该知道，状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句都可以相应的转换成非谓语动词做状语、定语、主语、宾语和表语。请将2、6、7、11、12、13等复合句转换成含非谓语动词的简单句。2.As /Because he hadnt passed the exam , his family were disappointed. _,he made his family family disappointed.(现在分词短语的完成式作原因状语)_, his family were disappointed.(with 的复合结构作原因状语)_, his family were disappointed.（介词短语作状语）6. The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadnt passed the exam. The reason for his familys being disappointed was his not passing the exam.(“介词+动名词”作定语及动名词作表语)7.That he hadnt passed the exam made his family disappointed. _made his family disappointed.（动名词短语的复合结构作主语）11. He didnt pass the exam, which made his family disappointed.(含定语从句的复合句)He didnt pass the exam, _(现在分词短语作结果状语)12. After his family learned that he hadnt passed the exam, they were disappointed._, his family were disappointed.(现在分词短语作时间状语)After learning that he hadnt passed the exam, his family were disappointed. （“介词+动名词”作时间状语）His family were disappointed to learn that he hadnt passed the exam.(动词不定式作原因状语)13. After his family were told that he hadnt passed the exam, they were disappointed. _, his family were disappointed.（现在分词短语的被动式作时间状语）_, his family were disappointed.（ “介词+动名词”的被动式作时间状语。）His family were disappointed _(动词不定式的被动式作原因状语)句子合并的方法多种多样，重要的是清晰句子结构,理清句子逻辑关系，学会分析句子成分。即时练习。根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。1.他很忙，他没来。1）_ he was busy, he didnt come . 2）_ (be) busy ,he didnt come .3)It was because he was busy _ he didnt come.4)He was busy, _ he didnt come.5)He didnt come _ he was busy.6)_ he didnt come was because he was busy.7)His not _ (coming ) was because he was busy.8)The reason why he didnt come was _ he was busy.9)_ he was busy made unable to come.10)_(he) being busy made him unable to come .11)He was busy ,and _ made him unable to come .12)He was busy,_ him unable to come.13) He was busy,_ (make ) him unable to come.2.杰克出生在英国，他在美国长大。1）Jack was born in the UK,_ he grew up in the US.2)_ he was born in the UK, Jack grew up in the US.3)_ (bear) in the UK, Jack grew up in the US.4)Jack,_ was born in the UK, grew up in the US.5)Jack,_ (bear) in the UK, grew up in the US.写作的基本能力是“信息句子化”，在简单句的基础上运用语法知识合并句子，体现句子的多样化，增添语言色彩，从而使写作获高分。请看下面一篇基础写作学校英语论坛针对目前城市交通拥堵、污染严重的问题进行了“治堵方案大家谈”的讨论。以下是讨论概要：治堵方案1.少开私家车；多人共乘一辆小车。2.政府完善公共交通以方便市民。3.修建绿道（green lanes）, 鼓励骑自行车。好处：省钱、省时、节能、环保。【写作内容】请根据以上概要写一篇短文，包括以下内容：1.存在的问题；2.解决的方案；3.方案的好处。经过审题，我们经过“信息句子化”处理后，可以列出以下的信息点：1）We had a discussion.2)Our streets are crowded with traffic. There are too many private cars.3)The air is seriously polluted.4)Some solutions are put forward./ Everyone is encouraged to offer suggestions.5)Car owners could reduce the use of private cars. 6)They could share their cars with their friends and workmates.7)The government should do something to improve the public transport system.8)The government should build more green lanes.9)The public transport system should be more convenient for citizens.10)People should be encouraged to use their bicycles.11)Money ,time and energy will be saved.12)The measures are friendly to the environment.请运用我们刚才所提及的名词短语、介词短语、with的复合结构、非谓语短语、并列连词和复合句来整合信息。名词短语整合信息点2、3_运用介词短语充当定语整合信息点2、3; 2、3、4; 11、12。(2,3)_(2,3,4)_ (11,12) _运用非谓语整合信息7、8、9; 5,8,10; 2,3; 5,6。(7,8,9)_（5,8,10_(2,3)_ (5,6)_运用with的复合结构整合信息6、12。_运用复合句整合信息。名词性从句_运用定语从句_运用状语从句_高考大纲中常用哪些连接词1.表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容,另外，还有：and,and then,even,what is more/worse/better,besides,also,moreover, in addition2. 表示转折关系 但是， 然而， 相反：but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand,otherwise, on the contrary.3. 表示因果关系 因为，因此，所以: for, so, therefore, as a result,because of,due to,owing to,thanks to 4. 表示解释说明: that is (to say),in other words,namely,such as,for example,for instance,and so on5.表示时间顺序: at first,then,later,meanwhile,in the end,finally,since then,at last6.用于陈述事实 实际上: in fact, actually,as a matter of fact 跟你说实话 : to tell you the truth7.对一个话题进行总结,总而言之，总的来说: on the whole, in short, all in all, in general, in a word,to sum up,in conclusion8. 其它常用到的副词 personally,more importantly, especially,hopefully 句子合并的语法精彩英语的句子按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句有五个基本句型：1.主语+系动词+表语2.主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）3.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语并列句是两个简单句通过and,or, but,so 等连接在一起的句子。复合句是含有一个或一个以上的从句的句子。从句有名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。请看下面两个简单句：1. 他考试不及格。 He didnt pass the exam.( 主语+谓语+宾语)He failed in the exam. (主语+谓语+状语）2. 他的家人很失望。 His family were disappointed. （主语+系动词+表语）以上两个简单句，我们怎样才能合并成一个高级的句子呢？最重要的是，我们要理解句子间的逻辑关系，然后用并列句和复合句表达出来。因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。1.His family were disappointed because he hadnt passed the exam.(含原因状语从句的复合句)2. As /Because he hadnt passed the exam , his family were disappointed. (含原因状语从句的复合句)3. He didnt pass the exam ,so his family were disappointed.（并列句）4. His family were disappointed that he hadnt passed the exam. （that 引导原因状语从句的复合句，主要放在表示情感意义的形容词之后，如：sorry,glad, happy,delighted,pleased等）他的家人很失望是因为他考试不及格。5.That his family were disappointed was because he hadnt passed the exam.（含主语从句及表语从句的复合句）6. The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadnt passed the exam. (含定语从句及表语从句的复合句)他考试不及格使得他的家人很失望。7.That he hadnt passed the exam made his family disappointed. (含主语从句的复合句)8.It made his family disappointed that he hadnt passed the exam.(含主语从句的复合句，it是形式主语)9.It was that he hadnt passed the exam that made his family disappointed.(强调句型，强调主语从句) 他考试不及格，这使得他的家人很失望。10.He didnt pass the exam, and it made his family disappointed.( 并列句)11. He didnt pass the exam, which made his family disappointed.(含定语从句的复合句) 得知他考试不及格后，他的家人很失望。12. After his family learned that he hadnt passed the exam, they were disappointed.(含时间状语从句和宾语从句的复合句)13. After his family were told that he hadnt passed the exam, they were disappointed. (含时间状语从句和宾语从句的复合句)14.His family were disappointed at the news that he hadnt passed the exam.(含同位语从句的复合句) 当然，合并简单句不一定非要用并列句和复合句。我们也可以用含非谓语的动词的句子来表达。我们应该知道，状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句都可以相应的转换成非谓语动词做状语、定语、主语、宾语和表语。请将2、6、7、11、12、13等复合句转换成含非谓语动词的简单句。因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。2.As /Because he hadnt passed the exam , his family were disappointed. (含原因状语从句的复合句)Not having passed the exam ,he made his family family disappointed.(现在分词短语的完成式作原因状语)With him not passing the exam , his family were disappointed.(with 的复合结构作原因状语)Because of his not passing the exam, his family were disappointed.（介词短语作状语）他的家人很失望是因为他考试不及格。6. The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadnt passed the exam. (含定语从句及表语从句的复合句)The reason for his familys being disappointed was his not passing the exam.(“介词+动名词”作定语及动名词作表语)他考试不及格使得他的家人很失望。7.That he hadnt passed the exam made his family disappointed. (含主语从句的复合句)His not having passed the exam made his family disappointed.（动名词短语的复合结构作主语） 他考试不及格，这使得他的家人很失望。11. He didnt pass the exam, which made his family disappointed.(含定语从句的复合句)He didnt pass the exam, making his family disappointed.(现在分词短语作结果状语) 得知他考试不及格后，他的家人很失望。12. After his family learned that he hadnt passed the exam, they were disappointed.(含时间状语从句和宾语从句的复合句)Having learned that he hadnt passed the exam , his family were disappointed.(现在分词短语作时间状语)After learning that he hadnt passed the exam, his family were disappointed. （“介词+动名词”作时间状语）His family were disappointed to learn that he hadnt passed the exam.(动词不定式作原因状语) 得知他考试不及格后，他的家人很失望。13. After his family were told that he hadnt passed the exam, they were disappointed. (含时间状语从句和宾语从句的复合句)Having been told that he hadnt passed the exam, his family were disappointed.（现在分词短语的被动式作时间状语）After being told that he hadnt passed the exam, his family were disappointed.（ “介词+动名词”的被动式作时间状语。）His family were disappointed to be told that he hadnt passed the exam.(动词不定式的被动式作原因状语)句子合并的方法多种多样，重要的是清晰句子结构,理清句子逻辑关系，学会分析句子成分。即时练习。根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。1.他很忙，他没来。1）_ he was busy, he didnt come . 2）_ (be) busy ,he didnt come .3)It was because he was busy _ he didnt come.4)He was busy, _ he didnt come.5)He didnt come _ he was busy.6)_ he didnt come was because he was busy.7)His not _ (coming ) was because he was busy.8)The reason why he didnt come was _ he was busy.9)_ he was busy made unable to come.10)_(he) being busy made him unable to come .11)He was busy ,and _ made him unable to come .12)He was busy,_ him unable to come.13) He was busy,_ (make ) him unable to come.2.杰克出生在英国，他在美国长大。1）Jack was born in the UK,_ he grew up in the US.2)_ he was born in the UK, Jack grew up in the US.3)_ (bear) in the UK, Jack grew up in the US.4)Jack,_ was born in the UK, grew up in the US.5)Jack,_ (bear) in the UK, grew up in the US.写作的基本能力是“信息句子化”，在简单句的基础上运用语法知识合并句子，体现句子的多样化，增添语言色彩，从而使写作获高分。请看下面一篇基础写作学校英语论坛针对目前城市交通拥堵、污染严重的问题进行了“治堵方案大家谈”的讨论。以下是讨论概要：治堵方案1.少开私家车；多人共乘一辆小车。2.政府完善公共交通以方便市民。3.修建绿道（green lanes）, 鼓励骑自行车。好处：省钱、省时、节能、环保。【写作内容】请根据以上概要写一篇短文，包括以下内容：1.存在的问题；2.解决的方案；3.方案的好处。经过审题，我们可以列出以下的信息点：1）We had a discussion.2)Our streets are crowded with traffic. There are too many private cars.3)The air is seriously polluted.4)Some solutions are put forward./ Everyone is encouraged to offer suggestions.5)Car owners could reduce the use of private cars. 6)They could share their cars with their friends and workmates.7)The government should do something to improve the public transport system.8)The government should build more green lanes.9)The public transport system should be more convenient for citizens.10)People should be encouraged to use their bicycles.11)Money ,time and energy will be saved.12)The measures are friendly to the environment.请运用我们刚才所提及的名词短语、介词短语、with的复合结构、非谓语短语、并列连词和复合句来整合信息。名词短语整合信息点2、3。Increasing numbers of private cars contribute to heavy traffic jams and serious air pollution.运用介词短语充当定语整合信息点2、3; 2、3、4; 11、12。People are more aware of the fact that increasing number of private cars has given rise to serious problems like traffic jams and air pollution.（2,3）We held a discussion in the hope of coming up with some practical solutions to end the shameful condition of traffic jams and air pollution in our city.(2,3,4) By taking the above measures, not only can we save money, time and energy but also we can contribute to a city with better environment. 运用非谓语整合信息7、8、9; 5,8,10; 2,3; 5,6。The government should improve the public transport system to make it more convenient for people.（7、8、9）Building more green lanes is obviously a good way to encourage cycling instead of driving .(5,8,10)There is a widespread concern over environmental pollution and traffic jams caused by private cars.(2,3)First, car owners could share their cars with their friends and workmates, thus reducing the use private cars.（5,6）运用with的复合结构整合信息6、12。Hopefully, with people sharing private cars with each other, our city will definitely be an environment-friendly place to live in.运用复合句整合信息。名词性从句When it comes to traffic jams and air pollution, some people come up with the idea that car owners could reduce the use of private cars by sharing cars with their friends and workmates. 运用定语从句With the development of economy ,more and more people have their own cars, which in turn leads to such problem as traffic jams and air pollution. 运用状语从句If the government could improve the public transport system, it would be more convenient for people to travel. Recently the issue of