毕业论文格式字体模板.doc

陕西教育学院成人高等教育本科生毕业论文（设计）系 外语 专 业 英语 论文题目 中美饮食文化差异学生姓名 指导教师 副教授 班 级 10成本英语 学 号 完成日期：二零一一年四月THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINA AND AMERICA IN FOOD CULTURE BY LI FANSUPERVISOR: WANG DAMINGSHAANXI INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION2011ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.iiTABLE OF CONTENTSiiiABSTRACTivCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION.1CHAPTER TWO CHINESE AND ENGLISH IDIOMS: THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES.32.1 Geography and Climate.32.2 Animals and Plants.52.6 Differences in Cultural Values.92.6.1 Social and Traditional Value.92.6.2 Traditional Customs 10CHAPTER THREE CONCLUSION.15REFERENCES16ABSTRACTDifferent people from different cultures may have different understandings of the same utterance because they are not familiar with target cultures. The ultimate aim of teaching College English as a foreign language is to cultivate students abilities to apply English correctly, fluently and appropriately in cross-cultural communication. However, due to lack of knowledge of cultural differences, many college students fail to achieve this purpose during the actual communicating activities. It is necessary for us to study the cultural differences in some fields between China and Western countries. Idioms, which reflect customs, are the essence of culture in every country.Key words: idiom English language teaching.中文摘要CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTIONThere are plenty of idioms in both Chinese and English. Idioms are more typical and representative on the point of embodying cultural differences of languages, compared with other linguistic elements. They involve a countrys history, geography, local conditions, customs and cultural background. Thus you can not understand idioms correctly without the help of the knowledge of culture. Both Chinese and English are expressive languages, which are very rich in idiomatic expressions. So it is greatly necessary to make use of the cultural knowledge when understanding the Chinese and English idioms. This study attempts to examine the cultural differences between the Chinese and English idiomsCHAPTER TWO CHINESE AND ENGLISH IDIOMS: THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Idioms are short saying of folk wisdom well-known facts or truths expressed succinctly and in a way that makes them easy to remember. Because they are so pithy, they have universal appeal. Idioms are an important part of the language and culture of a society, and their meanings often cannot only be derived from the literal meaning of individual words. 2.1 Geography and Climate The geographical and weather conditions in each country have played an important role in determining the national characters in idioms.Britain is an island country and is surrounded by the sea. So there are lots of idioms about water, sea and sailing. For example, be left high and dry, be in the doldrums, any port in a storm, ass fish, in smooth water, be in the same boat with, all at sea, sail before the wind and to sail through, etc. Hence we could form a clear idea that sailing is of great importance in the early British peoples life. China is situated on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, .2.2 Animals and Plants Owing to their different living conditions, the English and Chinese people have their own individual state of mind and ways of thinking, which also add national coloring to the idioms. Since different people have different ways of interpreting a thing, the English and Chinese, traditionally, have different opinions towards animals and plants.2.6 Differences in Cultural Values2.6.1 Social and Traditional ValueLots of idioms could reflect the concept of a people towards family life and love. For example, There are Bread is the staff of life, Feed a cold and starve a fever, Love is the touch stone of virtue, Early wed early dead, etc. which express the attitude of the Anglo-Saxon. While in China, we have良药苦口(Bitter pills may have wholesome effects) and天伦之乐(family love and joy).2.6.2 Traditional CustomsDifferent social systems, cultural heritages, science and technology have much to do with the national characteristics of idioms. The traditional Chinese calendar is the lunar calendar in which a year is divided into 24 solar terms. These solar terms are more than often observed in proverbs to illustrate principles concerning weather and farming. For example, 清明时节雨纷纷(unbroken spell of wet weather around the Qing Ming Festival); 白露身不露(Do not be barebacked after White Dew); 吃了端午粽，棉衣远远送(Do not put aside your winter clothes until after the Dragon Boat Festival).CHAPTER THREE CONCLUSION From the comparison of Chinese and English idioms, we could understand the differences between the English and Chinese cultures. It is the differences between the two cultures that restrict the creation and the meaning of the idioms. Thus, only by profoundly learning the different features of these two cultures could we have a better understanding of English and Chinese idioms. So we English learners must try our best to master the English culture while studying, meanwhile, only when we understand the features of the English culture could we learn English better. Idioms are the valuable asset of the language, they form the important part of the language vocabulary. They reflect the characteristics of a nation and a culture. But because of the cultural differences there are unavailable difficulties in the English-Chinese translation of idioms. REFERENCESBiber, D., Conrad, S. & Reppen, R. 1998. Corpus Linguistics M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Conrad, S. 2000. Will corpus linguistics revolutionize grammar teaching in the 21st century? J. TESOL Quarterly, 34 (3): 548-560.Hunston, S. 2002. Corpora in Applied Linguistics M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 桂诗春. 2004. 以语料库语言学为基础的中国学习者英语失误分析的认知模型