高考语法Havehashad及完成时态讲解及练习.docx

高考语法Havehashad及完成时态讲解及练习A dog four legs. A bird two legs. Our school a library. We 37 chairs in our classroom. My sister a nice toy car. You two small eyes. My sister an apple.My dog one eye only. Cats four legs. Dogs two ears.Everybody _ a dream. Everything _ its time. They each _ a book. Each of them _ a book.Do you a bike ? Do they any salt ? Does he a bike ? Does a rabbit four legs ? I dont any rice . We dont any salt .He doesnt have a pen . 4. She doesnt have any envelopes 在肯定句中，主语是（I, we, they）时用have，主语是第三人称单数he, she, it 时用has 在疑问句和否定句中无论什么人称作主语，都用have。 Something, everything等做主语时用has。Each of加名词做主语时用has。 复数主语开头加each，如they each仍旧用have. had 是has和have的过去式。u 用法：1、has have had也可以作为一般动词，意为“拥有”“进行”“吃”“使得”“让”等。如果后接不定式，意为“不得不”。例如：a) He has a good pen. 他有一支好笔。b) We have supper at 6:00. 我们六点钟吃晚饭。c) I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了发。（我让我的头发被剪了，昨天）d) I have to leave now. 我得走了。“have to do sth必需做某事，不得不”e) Can I have a toy? 我可以要一个玩具吗？2、如何变疑问句？一般现在时时,借助助动词do/does.现在完成时时,则直接将have/has提到句首。例如：He has big eyes. - Does he have big eyes?He has finished his homework. - Has he finished his homework?3、后接过去分词，构成现在和过去完成、完成进行时。例如：a) He has gone to Beijing. 他已经到北京去了。b) I have been a teacher since then. 从那时起我就一直当教师。c) They had left when I got there. 我到那里的时候，他们已经走了。d) He has been working hard since early morning. 丛一大早他就一直在下劲干活。时态问题（1）一般现在时（A表示当前的状态；B表示当前一段时间内经常反复发生的动作；C客观真理。）（2）一般过去时（A表示过去某段时间的状态；B表示过去某段经常反复发生的动作）（3）一般将来时（A将来某段时间内的状态；B表示将来某段时间内经常反复的动作）（4）现在进行时（表示说话当前正在进行或者刚刚完成的动作）（5）过去进行时（表示在过去的某段时间内正在进行的动作或者状态）（6）过去将来时（以过去某点为基础，表示在其后将要发生的动作或者状态）（7）将来进行时（表示将来的某个或段时间内正在进行的动作或状态）（8）现在完成时（表示已经发生的动作对说话现在有影响或结果）（9）过去完成时（表示已经发生的动作对过去的某个点有影响或结果）（10）现在完成进行时（表示从过去的某个点起到现在一直在进行并对现在有影响和结果的动作）A. 现在完成时：have / has done（一）意义1. 表示经历或动作的结果，强调这个动作对现在造成的结果或产生的影响I have turned off the radio, so you can sleep quietly.He has recovered from his illness. He is playing football now.例题： Id love to, but something unexpected _.A. hasIm sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20. A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made注意：如果动作被说明在某个具体时间发生，则必须用一般过去时I saw the film yesterday.例题： Judy is going to marry the sailor she _in Rome last year. A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet The year 2010_remarkable changes in Shanghais landscape. A. sees B. has seen C. saw D. had seen2. 和for, since, how long连用表示持续到现在的动作或状态。在肯定句中，使用的动词为延续性动词。He has here for three days. beenHis father has died for 20 years. been deadThey have married for two years. been marriedHe has left home for three months. been away from例题：How are you today ? Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt How long _ at this job? Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed注意：并非所for 和how long引导的句子都得用完成时，如果动作已经结束就用一般过去时Glad to see you back. How long did you stay in the wonderland of Yunnan?例题： Mr Robert, who is said to have returned to London with his family, _at Beijing University for eight years. A. has been teaching B. was teaching C. taught D. have taught Where have you been recently? I _in Beijing on business for a week last month. A. have been B. had been C. had gone D. was I_ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived3. 注意区分几个短语：have been to 去过某地have gone to 已经去了某地have been in 在.地方4. 常见的时间状语：before , already, yet, recently, lately, till now, up to now, so far, ever, once, since, since then, for, in/for/during the past/ last few years例题：Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved（二）固定句型1. It is +时间段+since+从句（过去时）自从某人做某事多久了 was (过去完成时）It is five years since I came to work.改错：2. It is the first(second, third.)time that从句（现在完成时） was (过去完成时）It is the third time that the boy has been late for school.例题：This is the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family. A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen3. 主语+be+最高级所修饰的先行词+that+定语从句（最好用现在完成时）Gangnam Style is the funniest song that I have ever heard.Twilight is the best vampire movie that I have ever seen.例题：It is the most instructive lecture that I _since I came to this school. A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended B.过去完成时：had done1.常常用来表示发生在过去的两个事件中先发生的那个动作，它是一个相对的时态，不能离开某一过去时间而孤立存在He told me that he had already seen the film.When they got to the field, the football match had already started.例题： The hotel wasnt particularly good, but I _in many worse hotels. A. was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayedThe moment I got home, I found I _my jacket on the playground. A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _each other for years. A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _before my eyes. A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum2. 和by, before等词连用By the end of last month, we had learned 2000 words.He hadnt learned any Chinese before he came to China.例题：By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _from college. A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated3.固定句型前三句型同现在完成时(见前文）hardly/scarcely.when no sooner.than 一.就. We had hardly got into the room when it began to snow.We had no sooner sat down than the bell rang.例题： He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.A. since B. as C. when D. than Hardly had I caught sight of her _ I recognized her _ I hadnt seen her for ages.A. then; as B. when; since C. before; because D. when; thoughC.将来完成时：will have done表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成的动作，常与by，before或其它时间状语连用I will have learnt 2000 words by the end of this term.I hope we will have got everything ready beforeomorrow.例题：Could you meet me at the airport ? Id like to, but I _Beijing when you return. A. will have left B. was leaving C. will leave D. have left D.现在完成进行时have + been +现在分词 I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。E. have+been +过去分词，构成现在完成时被动语态 English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。【高考真题】1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,31)The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,28) Every few years, the coal workers _ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had -This is the job that I _for.A. lookedB. am to lookC. had lookedD. have been looking4.(2010高考英语重庆卷,29)The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _now.A. remainsB. is remainedC. is remainingD. has been remained5.(2010高考英语重庆卷,24)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _on the market in 1973.A. hadC. came6.(2010高考英语浙江卷,15)For many years, people _ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. Ahad dreamed of Bhave dreamed of Cdreamed of Ddream of7.(2010高考英语浙江卷,5)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ fresh watermelon in the fall.Aeat Bwould eat Chave eaten Dwill be eating 8.(2010高考英语天津卷,10)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting_ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited9.(2010高考英语天津卷,4)We _on this project for four hours. Le ts have a rest.A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked10.(2010高考英语四川卷,18)Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you Awill expect Bwill be expected Cexpected Dwere expected11.(2010高考英语四川卷,16)一When shall we restart our business? 一Not until we our planAwill finish Bare finishing Care to finish Dhave finished12.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,30)The employees _ that they should renew their contracts within a week.Aadvise Bhave advised Care advised Dhad been advised13.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,29)We _on our project day a nd night in the past two weeks.Ahad worked Bhave worked Cwill be working Dhas been advised14.(2010高考英语陕西卷,24)It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built15.(2010高考英语陕西卷,21)I have to see the doctor because I _ a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough16.(2010高考英语山东卷,30)Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved17.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,30)I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it.Awill do Bdo Cam doing Dhad done18.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,24)Joseph _to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name?” in Russian.Ahas been going Bwent Cgoes Dhas gone19.(2010高考英语江西卷,30)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she_ since her marriage to Father.A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering20.(2010高考英语江苏卷,33)-Is everyone here? -Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests!A. 21.(2010高考英语江苏卷,30)-Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?-We_ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be 22.(2010高考英语江苏卷,23)why, Jack, you look so tired!-Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting23.(2010高考英语湖南卷,34)Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping24.(2010高考英语湖南卷,33)Liste ning to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have25.(2010高考英语湖南卷,31)I walked slowly through the market, where people _ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold26.(2010高考英语湖南卷,27)I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone_ it. Was it you?A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do 27.(2010高考英语湖南卷,24)This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.A. was named B. named C. is named D. names28.(2010高考英语福建卷,31)Guess what ,weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.How nice! You _ a different culture then.A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced29.(2010高考英语福建卷,28)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised30.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,32)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made31.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,28)When you are home, give a call to let me know you_ safely. A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive32.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,21) Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? N0, I _ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do33.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,19)Excuse me. I _ I was blocking your way.A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing34.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,15)Linda ，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 35.(2010高考英语北京卷,28)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me.A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing36.(2010高考英语北京卷,26)-Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?-Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on Octobe r 20.A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made37.(2010高考英语北京卷,24)-Im not finished with my din ner yet.-But our friends _ for us.A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting38.(2010高考英语北京卷,22)In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the r sounds at the end of the words _.A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped39.(2010高考英语安徽卷,34)一Weve spent too much money recently一Well，it isnt surprisingOur friends and relatives_ around all the time. Dhave解析1.【答案】D【解析】本题考查被动语态。Restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D.2. 【答案】B【解析】本题考查时态。根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选B。3. 【答案】D【解析】考查时态。由句意：这就是我一直寻找的工作可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。4. 【答案】A【解析 】考查时态。remain在这儿意思是“剩下，余留”，为不及物动词，整句话是对现在事实的陈述，所以用一般现在时。选 A项。5.【答案】C【解析】考查时态。since引导的从句作状语时，主句通常用完成时，而从句用一般过去时，所以选C项。6. 【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态。从For many years可知，此处谓语动词用完成时态；排除C项和D项；又因后一句用的是现在时态，故排除A项。据此答案应该选B项“现在完成时态”。7. 【答案】D【解析】本题考查条件句的时态。根据句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will be eating表将来。8. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意为：“像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术正在2010年上海世博会文化展上进行展览。”根据句意可知是现在进行时含义，剧中主语时traditional folk arts，是复数形式，谓语动词采用复数形式，主语又表示“物”，具有被动含义，所以选择C。9. 【答案】 B【解析】考察动词时态。句意为：“我们四个小时一直做这个项目。让我们休息一下吧”，句中出现for four hours这个时间状语，可以判断出使用现在完成时，根据句意又可知动作在持续进行当中，所以用现在完成进行时，故选B。10. 【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句中you与expect存在被动关系，首先排除C。又有have failed提示应是过去你被期盼做的事，故应为过去时，正确答案为D。11. 【答案】D【解析】考查时态。在状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，此处为until引导的时间状语从句。故用现在完成时，选D。意为：“直到我们完成我们的计划，我们才重新开始我们的生意。”12. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词的语态。语意：(公司)建议员工在一周内续签合同。根据语意，The employees与advise为动宾关系，所以应该用被动结构，故选C项。13. 【答案】B【解析】动词的时态。根据句中时间状语in the past two weeks可以推断出应该用现在完成时，表示动作的持续，故选B项。14. 【答案】D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。从时间状语at present可判断出用现在时，“many a+单数可数名词”虽然表示复数意思，但要用单数谓语。15. 【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：我得去看医生，因为我最近一直咳嗽得很厉害。late1y表示“最近”，与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，因此答案选A，此处表示在说话之前一直持续的动作。16. 【答案】 D【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意应为“截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now是现在完成时态的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时态。17. 【答案】 B【解析】B考查动词的时态。根据语意可知：通常由我来为家人做饭，但是因为最近很忙，所以我没有时间做。第一句是陈述的事实，因此应该用一般现在时。18. 【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。语意：从上个月开始，Joseph一直在上夜校学俄语，但是他仍没有学会用俄语说“你叫什么名字?”。根据语意，表示自从过去到现在一直发生的事情且有可能持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选A项。19. 【解析】考查时态。句意：母亲想成为一名好的供养人一个自她嫁给父亲以来一直在担任的角色。因为有since而且是动作的延续，所以用现在完成进行时，即she has been shouldering作定语，修饰a role20. 21. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。结合问句中的时态以及答语后半句中的时态可知答语前半句表示的是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。22. 【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。答话人叙述的是现在的事实，再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子，而且还要持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。23. 【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意为：“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没做成似的。”由语境可判断选D项。24. 【答案】 C【解析】考察主谓一致和时态。根据动名词短语作主语，句中的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除BD，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。25. 【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。根据“I studied the pric