光电测量论文CCD光电测量信号的高速传输与控制设计.doc

光电测量论文：CCD光电测量信号的高速传输与控制设计【中文摘要】电荷耦合器件(CCD)是一种固体光电转化成像器件,具有像元尺寸小,几何精度高,性能稳定和能进行自扫描等优点,配置适当的光学系统和合适的外围驱动与控制处理电路,可以获得很高的空间分辨率,特别适用于各种精度图像传感和非接触式光电测量领域。例如铁路方面火车轮轨磨损检测、桥梁和轨道振动的测量等。本文通过对CCD工作原理和特性的分析,设计了一种适用于非接触测量领域的CCD光电信号数据采集系统。采用ADC (Analog to Digital Converter,模拟到数字转换器)+CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device,复杂可编程逻辑器件)+FIFO(First In First Out,数据缓存器)+USB (Universal Serial Bus,通用串行总线)的数字处理方案,实现了CCD光电测量信号的高速传输与控制功能,分析了各种光照强度下采集到的CCD信号变化规律。系统中以电荷耦合器件(CCD)TCD1703C作为光电测量信号采集的感光元件,以CPLD(EPM240)作为控制核心。利用VHDL语言进行硬件描述以产生线阵CCD驱动时序、高速A/D芯片(THS12082)的初始化与采样控制信号以及FIFO(SN74V273)缓存数据的复位配置信号,选用A1tera公司的Quartus软件对所设计的驱动和控制程序进行了仿真,并用数字示波器观察输出波形；并针对TCD1703C芯片的特点,采用差分放大加低通滤波的电路设计对其输出信号进行预处理。对Cypress公司的EZ-USB FX2LP系列USB接口芯片CY7C68013A进行了开发,通过对USB驱动以及固件程序的编写,实现了通过USB2.0(CY7C68016A)的GPIF接口模式完成控制信号的发送以及实现采集系统与计算机之间的高速数据传输,并在上位机界面进行显示。通过实验测试表明,系统性能稳定,随光照位置变化能精确定位CCD信号包络峰值位置。整个系统的速度和精度已满足多种非接触测量的硬件数据采集卡要求,结合光学技术与信号处理技术,此CCD光电信号采集系统已经运用到了激光三角位移测量中。【英文摘要】Charge Coupled Device(CCD) is a device of photoelectric conversion of the solid imaging, It has many advantages such as smaller pixel size, geometric accuracy, stable performance and strong self-scanning ability, configure the appropriate optical system and the suitable external drive and control processing circuit, can achieve high spatial resolution, especially suitable for various precision image sensor and non-contact photoele-ctric measuring field, for example, the train wheel irregularities detection, the bridge and railway track vibration measurements.In this paper, the CCD photoelectric signal data acquisition system,which is used in non-contact measuring field, is designed based on analysis the CCD working principle and characteristics. We adopted the ADC+CPLD+FIFO+USB digital processing scheme to achieve high-speed CCD optical measuring signal transmission and control function, analyzes the changes of CCD signal under various light intensity.The charge-coupled device (CCD) TCD1703C is used as photosensitive component in the system, the main control unit is accomplished by CPLD (EPM240). The drive timing of linear array CCD and the initialization and sampling control signal of high-speed A/D chip are generated by using VHDL hardware description language, the FIFO reset signal also is generated by VHDL, simulated by Quartusmade of Altera, in the same time, display the output waveform by digital oscilloscope. In view of the chips features of TCD1703C, the differential amplification and low-pass filter is designed to pre-processing its output signal; The CY7C68013A of Cypresss EZ-USB FX2LP series USB interface chip is developed, the USB drivers and firmware are programmed, to achieved the control signal and the high-speed data transmission between the acquisition system and computer by the GPIF interface mode using USB2.0, and displayed in the host computer.The experimental results show that the system has stable performance, can pinpoint the CCD signal peak position with changing the light position. The speed and accuracy of system has to meet requirements of the hardware data acquisition card in a variety of non-contact measurement, combined with optical technology and the signal processing technology, the CCD data acquisition system has been applied to a laser triangulation displacement measurement.【关键词】光电测量 数据采集 电荷耦合器件 通用串行总线 复杂可编程逻辑器件【英文关键词】photoelectric Measurement data acquisition CCD USB CPLD【目录】CCD光电测量信号的高速传输与控制设计摘要6-7Abstract7目录8-10第1章 绪论10-141.1 光电测量技术简介10-111.1.1 光电测量的基本概念及应用101.1.2 CCD光电传感器的简述10-111.2 国内外研究现状11-121.3 课题研究的意义121.4 课题研究的主要内容和结构安排12-14第2章 光电测量系统数据采集的工作原理和实现方案14-222.1 CCD的组成及其工作原理14-172.1.1 CCD的组成142.1.2 信号电荷的产生与存储14-152.1.3 信号电荷的转移和传输15-172.1.4 信号电荷的检测172.2 光电测量系统数据采集的总体结构17-212.2.1 数据采集的系统框图17-182.2.2 系统设计的主要目标和主要功能18-192.2.3 系统的主要芯片选择19-212.3 系统开发平台及工具212.4 本章小结21-22第3章 光电测量系统数据采集的硬件电路设计22-313.1 线阵CCD光电信号输出电路设计22-253.1.1 线阵CCD传感器TCD1703C22-243.1.2 TCD1703C驱动电路设计243.1.3 CCD信号预处理电路的设计24-253.2 USB控制器接口电路设计25-283.2.1 USB接口芯片CY7C68013A25-263.2.2 CY7C68013A芯片外围电路设计26-273.2.3 CY7C68013A与外置FIFO的GPIF接口实现27-283.3 CPLD控制电路设计28-293.4 系统电源设计29-303.5 本章小结30-31第4章 光电测量系统数据采集的软件设计31-444.1 系统软件设计概述314.2 CPLD高速传输与控制软件设计31-374.2.1 CCD驱动时序设计31-344.2.2 A/D、FIFO、USB控制程序34-374.3 USB接口应用程序设计37-434.3.1 设备固件程序设计37-404.3.2 GPIF模式软件设计40-424.3.3 驱动程序设计42-434.3