高中英语语法：定语从句.doc

1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词2.关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。3.关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.关系代词引导的定语从句1.指人who,that。That指人时，相当于who或whom whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Theboyswho/thatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus. 注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend. 3指物Which， that。，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季。4.Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin. Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?关系副词引导的定语从句1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. 关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。lookfor,lookafter,takecareof如Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor. Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy. 2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom；关系代词指物时只可用which。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour. TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife. 非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。关系词的使用上：which ;不可用who代替whom非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim. China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.2当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰修饰时。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen. ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.5当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?6当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句的任何地方，which只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry. Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry. 1.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。如：Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择（主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用）：A.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.B. Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.（五）but有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but=whodont）定语从句1This is the best factory _we visited last year .A. where B. which C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory _computers are built ?A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. which of4.The man _has arrived .A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade _we are talking ?A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class .A. who B. that C. what D. where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai .A. who B. that C. when D. which10.The school _I study is a new one .A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands,_the largest is Taiwan .A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city _my mother grew up is not far from here .A. what B. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in the house _door faces to the north .A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _your father nodded ?A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom15.Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt .A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you _I know .A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun .A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18. Is this factory _we visited last year ?A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man _was there ?A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ?A. that B. which C. whose D. who21. I still remember the day _she first wore that green dress .A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which22. The knife _we used to cut the bread is very sharp .A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games _the young men competed in were difficult .A.in which B. which C. it D. who 24.It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. whoB. whomC. heD. which 历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选26.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 27.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 28.In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 29.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when 31Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.A. it B.that C.when D.which 32Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable.A.which price C.the price of whichC.its price D.the price of whose34._ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A.As B.It C.That D.Which 35.He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English.A.this B.which C.that D.same36.On the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue.A.whose B.of which C.which D.its37.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly