定语从句 (3).ppt

Unit1SchoolLife Grammarandusage Introductiontoattributiveclauses Lookatthefollowingphrasesandpointoutthenoun theadjectiveortheprepositionalphraseineachofthem anenjoyableexperiencebestfriendstherulesoftheschool adj n adj n n prepositionalphrase Whatisthefunctionofanadjectiveorprepositionalphraseintheseexamples Modifyingthenoun TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseandcomparethedifferentwaystoexpressthesamemeaningsinEnglishandinChinese anenjoyableexperiencebestfriendstherulesoftheschoolagirlwhosenamewasDiana attributiveclause AllmyclassmateswerefondofthecakethatImade Allmyclassmateswerefondofthecake Imadethecake IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana Isatnexttoagirl Thegirl snamewasDiana IlovedthelessonsthatshegaveinEnglishLiterature Ilovedthelessons shegavethelessonsinEnglishLiterature IntheArtclassthatItook Imadeasmallsculpture ItooktheArtclass IntheArtclass Imadeasmallsculpture 定语从句的定义 在英语中 如果修饰或限制一个名词或代词的成分是一个从句 这样的从句就叫定语从句 一般说来 在句子起修饰或限制作用的都是由形容词所充当 故定语从句又称为形容词性从句 eg ThecomputerthatIboughtinNanjingthissummerworkswonderfully 相关概念 先行词 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 组 关系词 连接定语从句和主句并在定语中起作用的词 Heisthemanwhom thatIsawyesterday Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen Thepackagewhich thatyouarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 that which 先行词指物时 that who 先行词指人时 that 先行词指 人 物 时 when时间 状语 where地点 状语 why原因 状语 在从句中做主 宾 表 在从句中做主 宾 表 在从句中做主 宾 表 whose在从句中限定另一名词 关系词的分类 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词 并在句中充当主语 宾语 表语 定语等成分 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 1 Thisistheschool Istudiedinthisschoolfiveyearsago theschool Thisis whereIstudiedfiveyearsago inwhich 或者 ThisistheschoolthatIstudiedinfiveyearsago 2 Inthisschoolthereareabout30foreignstudents TheforeignstudentshavecometostudyChinese foreignstudents Inthisschoolthereareabout30 who thathavecometostudyChinese 3 Thesestudentsliketheschoolverymuch TheirparentshavecometoChinaforbusiness Thesestudents whoseparentshavecometoChinaforbusinessliketheschoolverymuch 4 Theteachingbuildinglooksnice Thebuildingwasputuplastyear Theteachingbuilding that whichwasputuplastyearlooksnice 5 Themanistheheadmaster Themanisstandinginfrontoftheschoollibrary Theman who thatisstandinginfrontoftheschoollibraryistheheadmaster 6 Nexttohimstandsagirl Thegirl snameisTina agirl NexttohimstandswhosenameisTina 7 Tinaisastudent shewonaprizeinthewritingcompetition astudent Tinaiswho thatwonaprizeinthewritingcompetition 8 Tinalikesreadingnovels ThenovelswerewrittenbyCharlesDickens novels Tinalikesreadingwhich thatwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens 9 Tinaisthehostoftheschool sradioclub Theclubwasstartedtwoyearsago theschool sradioclub Tinaisthehostofwhich thatwasstartedtwoyearsago 10 Studentsliketheschoolnews Theradioclubbroadcastsschoolnews theschoolnews Studentslike which that theradioclubbroadcasts C1Ticktheoneswithattributiveclauses 1 I msurethattheexchangestudentswillenjoytheirstayinChina 2 ThefirstbookthatI dliketoreadduringtheholidaysisTravelinChina 3 MichaelJordanissuchagreatplayerthatmillionsofpeoplelovehim 4 Iknowashopwhichsellsreallygoodcookies 5 AllmyclassmatesenjoyedthecakeImade Thefirstbookthat ashopwhich thecake 6 Heisnotthemanthatheoncewas 7 Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman 8 IwasjustwonderingwhoseCDplayeritis 9 Wearegoingtolookafterthelittlegirlwhosemotherisveryillinhospital 10 Doyouknowwhotheteacheristalkingto themanthat Themanwho thelittlegirl whose Readtheparagraphinthetextbookagainandunderlinetheattributiveclausesyoufind TranslatethesentencesintoChinese Davidwasoneofthemosthelpfulstudentsthatweeverhad In2004 hewenttoOxfordUniversitywherehebecameinterestedinChineseculture SomeofthecitiesinChinawhichhelikesmostareBeijing Shanghai HarbinandNanjing 4 Mostofthestudentswhomhetaughthavebecomehisfriends 5 SomeofthebooksweregiftsthathegotfromhisChinesefriendsandstudents 6 ThepaintingsthatDaviddonatedtotheschoolarebeingshownintheexhibitionroom Grammarandusage Relativepronouns that which who whomandwhose Inreallife Beyonc 贝洋塞 诺尔丝 hasbeenworkinghardtoproveherself AfterahugesuccesswiththegirlgroupDestiny sChild shehadherfirstalbumDangerouslyInLove earnedherfiveGrammyAwardsin2004 that apple theredthegreen Theappleisredismine Theappleisgreenisyours mine yours which that which that HarryPotter aboywithglasses HarryPotterisaboy isbraveandwearingglasses abraveboy who that Whichhouseismine 房顶是棕色的房子是我的 Thehouseroofisbrownismine whose Myhouse that which1 Aplaneisamachinethat whichcanfly 2 Whowashurtintheaccidentthat whichhappenedyesterday 3 Haveyoufoundthebike that which youlost 多指物 可以互相代替 在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语 that更常见 that which作宾语时可省 2 who whom 1 Thegirlswho thatweren tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates 2 Heknewtheteacher who that whom wemetyesterday 指人 既它的先行词必须是人 在从句中作主语或宾语 但whom是宾格 只能作宾语 that有时也指人 代替who或whom 可作主语或宾语 3 whose Pleaseshowmethebook Itscoverisred I llcallaperson Hisfatherknowsyou 是代词的所有格形式 它既可以代人也可以代物 Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred I llcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou whose在定语从句中作定语 表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系 whose多指人 也可指物 指物时可与ofwhich互换使用 指人时可用ofwhom Pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred ofwhichthecover I llcallapersonthefatherofwhomknowsyou ofwhomthefather that who that which that who whom that which whose ofwhom whose ofwhich Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday Somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth 先行词是不定代词all few little much something nothing anything等 1 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that 不用which来引导定语从句 ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰 Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme 先行词被all any every each few little no some等修饰 ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto 先行词被theonly thevery thelast修饰 Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered 先行词既有人又有物时 WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn 当句中已有who或which时 为避免重复 在非限制性定语从句中 宜用which 不用that做关系代词的情况 在介词后面 1 Hedidall everything hecouldtohelpme 2 Thisistheverything Iamafter 3 Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings werememberedatschool 4 Heistheonlyman candothework 5 Thisisthefirstthing Iwanttosay 6 Heisthefinestman Ihaveeverworkedwith 7 Whoistheman spoketoyouatthegate 8 Whichisthestar isnearesttotheearth Exercisethatorwhich that that that that that that that that 2 Idon tlikethewayyoutalkedtoyourmother choosetheonethatisnotproperforthisblank A thatB whichC inwhichD B 当先行词为way时 定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况 that inwhich或不填 Thetallgirl theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor A whichB whomC whatD whose2 Thepopularstreet IvisitedonSundayisbeingrebuiltnow A B whereC whatD who3 Ihatethepeople don thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble A whoB whichC theyD where B A A 牛刀小试 4 Thisistheplace Ihaveevervisited A thereB whenC whereD which5 Thehouse weliveinisverybig A whoseB whereC whichD what D C CompletethefollowingarticleabouthighschoolsintheUSAusingwho whom whichorwhose ThereareseveraldifferencesbetweenhighschoolsintheUSAandhighschoolsinChina Foronetings students studyintheUSAareinclassonlyabouttwentyhoursperweek who Therestofthetime theyspendatschoolisusedforindependentstudy Withsomuchfreetime students donotmakegooduseoftheirtimemaynotpasstheirexams Students theteachersfailmayhavetotaketheclassesagain which who who whom Foranotherthing manycoursesareclasses thestudentscanstudyjustforfun but theydonothavetotake Finally studentscanoftenchoosetheirclassesandclasstimes Somecoursesarerequired butthestudentscanstilldecidetheteacher classtheywishtotake Theycanchoosetotaketheclassofateacher theylikeorrespect which which whose whom who 1 I vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear 2010湖南 A whoB whereC whenD which解析 该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词thestudents 且在从句中作met的宾语 故选关系代词who 高考真题 2 That sthenewmachine partsaretoosmalltobeseen 2010山东 A thatB whichC whoseD what解析 句意应为 那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器 空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用 3 Theoldtemple roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair 2010陕西 A whereB whichC itsD whose解析 所填词引导定语从句 先行词是theoldtemple 关系词在从句中做roof的