英语人教版八年级下册comparatives and superlatives.doc

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一. 形容词和副词在使用时都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。例：(small smaller smallest) (tall taller tallest) (hard harder hardest)比较级和最高级的构成有规则和不规则的变化两种1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。多音节词，加more，most构成比较级和最高级构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词一般单音节词尾加-er，-esttallgreatstrongtallergreaterstrongertallestgreateststrongest 以不发音的e结尾的单音词，只加-r，-stnicelargelatenicerlargerlaternicestlargestlatest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er，-estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggesthottestfattest双音节词以辅音字母+ y结尾的双音节词，改y为i再加-er，-esteasybusyearlyeasierbusierearliereasiestbusiestearliest多音节词 在前面加more, most来构成比较级和最高级importantbeautifulhappilymore importantmore beautifulmore happilymost importantmost beautifulmost happily2. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级goodwellbetterbestbad /illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch, manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest二. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法1as + 原级 + as 表示“与 一样”The painting is as beautiful as that one这幅画和那幅画一样漂亮。(形容词)He sings as well as his teacher. 他唱得和他的老师一样好。（副词）注意：在否定句中可用 not as(so) + 原级 + as 与不一样，不及例： It is not as (so) cold in Shanghai as in Beijing in winter冬天上海的天气没北京的天气冷。(形容词) The girl doesnt run as quickly as the boy. ；女孩跑得不如男孩快。（副词）2比较级 + than 表示 “ 比 更 ” This hotel is cheaper than that one across the street这家宾馆比街对面那家更便宜。(形容词) It is quicker to take a underground than to take a bus坐地铁比坐公交车快。(形容词) Mary writes more carefully than Tom. Mary 写得比Tom 更认真。（副词）3比较级 + 比较级 表示：”越来越” It is getting colder and colder these days这些天天气越来越冷。(形容词) The bus is more and more crowded公交车上越来越挤。(形容词) The people are living more and more happily人们生活得越来越幸福（副词）4. The +比较级, the +比较级 表示“越-，越-。” The more, the better. 5the + 最高级 + 比较范围 表示 “(三者或三者以上) 最” Of all the four brothers he is the cleverest在四个兄弟中，他是最聪明的。 He is the best in maths of them all在他们所有人中他数学最好 He jumps the highest in his class. 他在班中跳得最高。注意： 1. “as + 原级 + as (not as(so) + 原级 + as)” 和“比较级 + than” 用于两者之间的比较，2. 最高级用于三者以上之间的比较3. 形容词最高级必须加定冠词the, 但副词最高级可以加也可以不加定冠词the 例如： The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. (形容词) She dances (the) most beautifully in her class. （副词）4. much + 比较级 表示“ 得多” 例如：much bigger, much longer. much more difficult, much more interestingExercise (比较级和副词) 一. A. 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级1. near _ _ high_ _ 2. warm _ _ clever_ _3. white _ _ blue _ _4. nice _ _ gentle_ _5. safe _ _ wide_ _6. close _ _ long_ _7. heavy _ _ sunny_ _8. early _ _ dry _ _9. busy _ _happy _ _ 10. easy _ _ angry _ _11. windy _ _ little _ _12. thin _ _ fat _ _13. hot _ _ big _ _14. wet _ _ good_ _15. bad _ _ well _ _16. badly _ _ many_ _17. much _ _ far _ _18. important _ _ 19. dangerous _ _ 20 beautiful _ _ 21. difficult _ _ 22. brightly _ _ 23. strongly _ _24. expensive _ _ 25. quietly _ _B. 写出下列形容词的副词形式1. bad _ nice _beautiful_2. clever _easy _ busy _3. heavy _ angry _ happy _ 4. gentle _wide _ safe _ 5. close _late _early_ 6. deep _ high _ near _7. fast _ good _二、用括号内词语的正确形式填空1、 The flowers are very _. (beautiful)2、The girls are sitting there _ .(quiet)3、Theyre talking very _ . (loud)4、We can get there _ . (easy)5、Theyre getting ready for the sports meeting _ . (busy)6、Theyre living a _ life. (happy)7、The wind is blowing _ . (strong)8、He plays the piano _ .(bad)9、The river runs _ down the hill. (gentle)10、The sun is shining _ . (bright)11、The man is riding his horse along the road _ . (slow)12、The girl sings _ than the boy. (beautiful)13、Jack plays football _ than Dick. (bad)14、He is speaking _ . (angry)15、The children are running _ along the road. (happy)16、She runs _ of all. (fast)17、The sun is shining _this afternoon than this morning. (bright)18、Jim works _ than Tom. (hard)19、He walks _ of the three. (far)20、Little Tom is sitting there _ of all. (quiet) 开心一刻One of Harrys feet was bigger than the other. I can never find boots （靴子）and shoes for my feet, he said to his friend Dick. Why dont you go to a shoemaker? Dick said. A good one can make you the right shoes. Ive never been to a shoemaker, Harry said. Arent they very expensive? No, Dick said, some of them arent. Theres a good one in our village, and hes quite cheap. Heres his address. He wrote something on a piece of paper and gave it to Harry. Harry went to the shoemaker in Dicks village a few days later, and the shoemaker made him some shoes. Harry went to the shop again a week later and looked at the shoes. Then he said to the shoemaker angrily, Youre a silly man! I said, Make one shoe bigger than the other, but youve made one smaller than the other! Which of these sentences are true (T) and which are false (F)? Write T or F before each sentence. 1. Harrys feet were not the same size. 2. Harry had never been to a shoemaker. 3. The shoemaker was from Harrys village. 4. Harry went back to the shoemaker two w-eeks later. 5. The shoemaker was right. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级练习答案热身练习一、口语练习2、根据实际情况回答问题。1. Is China the biggest country in the world?2. Both Russia and Canada are bigger than China, are they?3. Which mountain is the highest in the world?4. Do you know what ocean is the deepest in the world?5. Which river is longer, the Changjiang River or the Yellow River?Exercise (比较级和副词) 一. A. 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级1. nearer nearest higher highest 2. warmer warmest cleverer cleverest 3. whiter whitest bluer bluest 4. nicer nicestgentlergentlest 5. safersafestwiderwidest 6. closerclosestlongerlongest 7. heavierheaviestsunniersunniest 8. earlierearliestdrierdriest 9. busierbusiesthappierhappiest 10. easiereasiestangrierangriest 11. windierwindiestlessleast 12. thinnerthinnestfatterfattest 13. hotterhottestbiggerbiggest 14. wetterwettestbetterbest 15. worseworstbetterbest 16. worseworstmoremost 17. moremostfartherfarthest 18. more important most important 19. more dangerous mos