初中英语语法总结-名词.doc

初中英语语法总结（一）名词名 词在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点：一、 可数名词与不可数名词在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如：1desk-desks bed-beds piano-pianos hat-hats bag-bags photo-photos 2bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes3tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoeshero-heroes Negro-Negroes 4 leaf-leaves knife-knives5baby-babies family-families另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenRussian-Russians American-Americans German - Germanschild-children foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth goose - geesedeer-deer sheep-sheep还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如：Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。）His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时， 意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如，Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays.二、 名词所有格名词所有格有两种形式：一是加s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况下，指某人的某物用s表示，而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外，要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数，不能直接加s，而应该加-即可。例如，boys clothes girls dresses。 不过，注意例外情况，例如， the bosss handwriting，其中the bosss 的-s不可省略。因为在英语中，如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式，那么其名词所有格仍加-s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗？对，Joness car。下面我们来做一部分习题。1. June 1st is _ Day.A. Childs B. Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens答案：D2. I need _ paper, Mum. I want to write _ letter to my English teacher.A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any答案：B3. There are two _ and three _ on the table.A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks答案：D4. We have got a lot of_ today.A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to doD. book to read答案：B5. We could see _ children and hear _ noise in the park.A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many答案：C6. Will you pass me _?A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chalks答案：A7. _ has been invited to the dancing party.A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers D. Friends of her答案：B下面请大家自己练习一下。1. September 10th is _ Day.A. the Teacher B. Teachers C. Teacher D. Teachers答案：B2. -Can I help you, sir?-Id like to have 100_. I want the students to draw pictures on them.A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper答案：B3. -Would you like _ milk, please?-No, thank you. I still have some.A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all答案：A4. _ the old woman is in!A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health答案：A What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How + 主语 + 谓语！ 5. Im going to help _ with _ English.A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancys, her C. a friend of Nancys, hers D. a friend o