英文科技论文写作体会1.ppt

Howtowriteagoodscientificpaper ByXiaWang Planningamanuscript Writeyourmanuscriptsothatittellsaclearstory itmusthaveapurposeYouwantpeopletolearnaboutyourwork makeiteasyforthemMakeiteasyforreviewersandeditors TheAuthors TheReaders Structureofascientificpaper ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION METHOD RESULTS DISCUSSION TITLE Title conciseandclear SimplestraightforwardtitleDynamicmechanismsforpre miRNAbindingandexportbyExportin 5RNA 2011 17 1511 1528 Two parttitleDynamiccommunicationbetweenandrogenandcoactivator Mutuallyinducedconformationalperturbationsinandrogenreceptorligand bindingdomainProteins 2011 79 1154 1171 Title ShortSpecificEye catchingDescriptivewords Abstract wehaveperformed21moleculardynamic MD simulationsofRNA boundExp5 Exp5 RanGTP premiRNA Exp5 RanGDP premiRNA Exp5 premiRNA RNA unboundExp5 Exp5 RanGTP Exp5 RanGDP apo Exp5 andpre miRNA OursimulationswithstandardMD steeredmoleculardynamics SMD andenergyanalysishaveshownthat Background Methods ThebiogenesisandfunctionofmaturemicroRNAs miRNAs isdependentonthenuclearexportofmiRNAprecursors pre miRNA byExportin 5 Exp5 Tocharacterizethemolecularmechanismsofhowpre miRNAisrecognizedandtransportedbyExp5 1 FreeExp5undergoesextensiveopeningmotion andinthiswayfacilitatestheRanGTPbinding 2 RanGTPefficientlyregulatestheassociation dissociationofpre miRNAtoitscomplexbyinducingconformationalchangesintheHEAT repeathelixstackingofExp5 3 TheGTPhydrolysispreventsRanfromrebindingtoExp5byregulatingthehydrophobicinterfacesandsaltbridgesbetweenRanandExp5 4 ThetransitionfromtheA formtotheA formofthepre miRNAmodulatesthestructuralcomplementaritiesbetweentheproteinandthepre miRNA thuspromotingefficientassemblyofthecomplex 5 Thebase flippingprocess fromtheclosedtothefullyflippedstate ofthe2 nt3 overhangisaprerequisiteforthepre miRNArecognitionbyExp5 whichoccursinasequence independentmannerasevidencedbythefactthatdifferent2 nt39overhangsbindtoExp5inessentiallythesameway Andfinally aplausiblemechanismofthepre miRNAexportcyclehasbeenproposedexplaininghowtheprotein proteinandprotein RNAinteractionsarecoordinatedinphysiologicalconditions Results Conclusion FinallycompletedConcise noexamplesSpecific eachpointIntegrityLength 200 350wordsNotasimpleextensionoftitle Introduction WhydoyouneedIntroduction AnorientationforreadersofthereportGivereaderstheperspectivetheyneedtounderstandthedetailedinformationcominginlatersections EstablishingaContext Introduction FiveStages Firststage Generalstatement s aboutafieldofresearchtoprovidethereaderwithasettingfortheproblemtobereportedSecondstage Morespecificstatementsabouttheaspectsoftheproblemalreadystudiedbyotherresearchers Thirdstage Statement s thatindicatetheneedformoreinvestigationFourthstage Veryspecificstatement s givingthepurpose objectivesofthewriter sstudyFifthstage Optionalstatement s thatgiveavalueorjustificationforcarryingoutthestudy MaterialandMethods EnoughinformationmustbegivensothattheexperimentscouldbereproducedAvoidaddingcommentsanddiscussionUsuallywithsubheadings Results Objectives Presentthefindingsofyourstudy Brieflycommentonthem ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION METHOD RESULTS DISCUSSION TITLE Clarityandbrevity displayofdatawithlogicaldevelopmentshowinghowyourfindingssatisfyyourobjectivesNumbershouldbemeaningful wherepossiblegiveillustrativeexamplesandcomparethosewithknownresultsfromliterature Payconsiderableattentiontobestwaytopresentdata usetablesandfigures Outlineoftheresults 宏观和细节 Intrinsicandligand inducedflexibilityFreeExp5transitstotheextendedstateWaterdistributionanalysisoftheinnerandoutersidesoffreeExp5Exp5recognizesthepre miRNAthroughthebaseflippingofthe2 nt3 overhangandwideningoftheminorgrooveofthestemTraprearrangementisrelevanttothebindingof3 overhangEnergycontributionanalysisRanGTPdecreasesthedissociationbarrierforpre miRNAGTPhydrolysisunderminesthereassemblyofRantoExp5incytoplasm Results ThreeInformationElements Element1 astatementthatlocatesthefigure s wheretheresultscanbefoundElement2 statementsthatpresentthemostimportantfindingsElement3 statementsthatcommentontheresults HowtoWriteaDiscussion Berigorousaboutconclusions Suggests vs Proves maybe insteadof is SummarizeevidencesupportingeachconclusionDiscussproblems uncertaintiesregardingyourworkCompareyourfindingswithotherstudiesTheoreticalorpracticalimplications importance Discussioncontent BackgroundforunderstandingthediscussionWhatyoudid found thoughtandwhatitmeansforthedisciplineCommentComparisontopreviousresearchHowyourresultswereuniqueord