U2--I-will-help-to-clean-up-the-city-parks.doc

U2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.一 短语1.clean (it) up 打扫 clean-up 大扫除 2. cheer (them) up （使）振奋，（使）高兴起来3.come up with 想起或提出（答案、办法等） = think of ；赶上 = catch up with 4.a group of students 一组学生 5. make some notices 做传单 6.raise money 筹钱7.a strong feeling of satisfaction 强烈的满足感 8. the look of joy 高兴的神情9.ones dream come true = achieve ones dream 实现某人的梦想10.fix up 整理，维修 11. give away 捐赠；泄露 12. make a difference 对产生重大影响 13. help out 帮克服困难，帮分担工作14. be excited about 对兴奋 15. write a letter to sb. 给某人写信二句子1. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. （不定式表目的）2. She could read by herself at the age of four. 她四岁时就能自己阅读了。3. Id like to help homeless people. 4. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.5. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.6. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. 7. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. 8. Im making some signs to put up around the school. 9. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 对我来说，有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有Lucky. It是形式宾语，possible是宾语补足语，动词不定式to have Lucky 是真正的宾语三辨析take after & look like take after “长得像，行为、性格等像”，尤其是像自己的长辈，可解释为be similar to look like 可用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像 e.g. Mary really takes after her mother. 玛丽的确长得像她的妈妈 The man looks like our headmaster. 那个男子看起来像我们的校长四动词短语1. give out 分发，发放 give away 赠送 give in 屈服，投降 give up 放弃 give off 发出（气味、光、热等）2. run away 逃走 run after 追赶 run down 撞倒 run into difficulties 遇到困难 run sb. home 用汽车把某人送到家3. take up 从事 take down 拿下 take off 脱下，起飞 take place 发生 take back 收回 take ones time 不着急 take care 小心，当心 take care of 照顾 take out 取出，拿出 take for 把当作 take for example 以为例4. set up 创办，建立，摆放好 set out 动身，开始（做某事） set off 出发，引起，激发五语法A. 动词不定式非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词的某些特征的动词形式非谓语动词主要有不定式，动词-ing形式，动词-ed形式三类它们没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语，状语等动词不定式是指在句中无人称和数的限制，并在句中起着名词，形容词或副词作用的成分不定式有两种形式，一种是带有不定式符号to的不定式，一种是不带有不定式符号to的不定式，后者又称动词原形， 不定式的语法功能作主语：不定式在句中作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用eg: To learn an art is very hard . To master a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work .掌握一门外语需要大量的记忆性工作：不定式作主语往往用形式主语it替代，然后将不定式置于句尾eg: It is very hard to learn an art .作表语：不定式作表语表示主语的职业，职责或性质等eg: Our duty is to help the young children to grow better .作宾语：不定式可以作某些动词的宾语eg: I really like to watch football matches . How I wish to see my old friends again . 必背：常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want 、wish 、hope 、offer 、decide 、help 、long 、arrange 、learn 、ask 、refuse 、promise 、pretend 、expect 、dare 、afford 、plan 、manage 、agree 、prepare 、determine不定式作补足语：有的动词需要运用带符号to的不定式作宾语补足语，有的需要运用不带符号to的不定式作宾语补足语eg: I told Jeff to join the club , but he wouldnt listen . These pictures made me think of my childhood .必背：带符号to的不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词或词组有：ask 、want 、order 、like 、tell 、help 、persuade 、advise 、permit 、teach 、beg 、allow 、warn 、encourage 、forbid 、get 、force 、invite 、cause 、require 、wish 、 wait for 、 call on拜访 call for要求 不带符号to 的不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词有（但在这些动词的被动形式下，需要带 to ）：see 、watch 、hear 、feel 、notice 、observe 、 look at 、 listen to 、 have 、 make 、 let 、 discover The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past. = The workers were made to work over ten hours a day by the boss in the past. 老板过去让工人们每天工作10多个小时 动词help接不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to可省略也可不省略 He often comes to help us (to) do some farm work. 他经常来帮我们干些农活（5）独立成分 这种不定式独立于句子之外，表示说话者的态度、语气等，又称评论性状语。 To tell （you）the truth , we dont want to include you . 必背：常用作独立成分的不定式有： to tell you the truth ; to be honest ; to be frank ; to speak frankly ; to begin with ; to start with ; to put it briefly 2.不定式的逻辑主语 不定式用for和of 引出逻辑主语，带有逻辑主语的不定式称为不定式的复合结构。of和for引出不定式结构的逻辑主语时，意义不同。Its necessary for us to get timely help around .（不定式作主语）我们很有必要在周围及时找到帮助。We think it impossible for such heavy work to be done within so short a time .（不定式作宾语）Its really kind of you to help me so much .（不定式作主语）Its the time for the people to protect all the living things in the sea .（不定式作定语）I usually get up early in the morning in order for my children to go to school on time .（不定式作目的状语）必背：常用of引出不定式逻辑主语的形容词有：good ; kind ; cruel ; brave ; honest ; lazy ; selfish ; unselfish ; nice ; wise ; clever ; silly ; stupid ; foolish ; right ; wrong ; rude ; polite ; impolite ; careless ; carefue .3.省to 的不定式常用不带符号to的不定式结构。had better do sth.最好做某事（一种命令） would rather do sth .（宁愿做某事） cannot but do sth. （只好做某事） do nothing but do sth . （只好做某事）have nothing to do but do sth. 只能做某事 why do sth? 为什么做某事？why not do sth ? 为什么不做某事？B. 动词短语 动词短语指动词和介词或副词等搭配而构成的短语 动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：（1） 动词+介词agree with, ask for, arrive at/in, begin with, come from, get to, get on, get off, hear of, knock at/on, laugh at, look at, look after, look for, listen to, wait for, take after 注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都在放在介词之后（2） 动词+副词come along, come out, come over, come in, find out, get back, give out, grow up, get up, go home, look up, put on, put up, put off, pass on, run away, turn on/off, take out, write down, wake up, work out, put away, think up 注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词之前，也可放在副词之后；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在副词之前 Please pick up the pen. = Please pick the pen up. Can you pick it up? 你能把它捡起来吗？（3） 动词+名词+介词have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to 注意：在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后She stayed at home to take care of the baby.（4） 动词+形容词+介词be angry with, be busy with, be good/bad for, be different from, be late for, be interested in, be famous for, be good at 六练习题A基础部分1. -Mary failed the exam again. -Sorry to hear that. We should do something to _.A. cheer on her B. cheer up her C. cheer her on D. cheer her up2. The boys volunteer three hours _ up the park near their school.A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. with cleaning3. The woman in red _ a teacher. She works in a hospital now.A. used to be B. is used to be C. was used to be D. is4. -The old man _ all his money to a charity(慈善机构). -He is really great.A. took away B. put away C. went away D. gave away5. You can _ how our lives will be if there is no electric. A. imagine B. think C. tell D. talk6. Its important _ in good health. A. keep B. keeping C. to keep D. keeps7. We all feel _ after hearing of the _ news.A. excited, excited B. exciting, exciting C. excited, exciting D. exciting, excited8. Thank you for your , or I couldnt finish my study.A. kindB. kindlyC. kindnessD. kinds9. -Your daughter is badly ill now. -Yes, She shouldnt put off _ to see the doctor.A. go B. went C. going D. to go10. With the help of the government(政府), we will make _ _ possible for every student to have free textbook in 2016. A. that B. this C. it D. one11. You should smoking. Its bad for your health.A. get upB. put upC. give upD. look up12. We found necessary to protect animals in danger.A. itB. thisC. that D. /13. Uncle Ted was very rich. But now he has no place to .A. liveB.live on C. live inD. live with14. Your suitcase(箱子) is _to mine. A. same B. like C. similar D likely15. Her son _ Coke, but now he _ milk.A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinks C. is used to drinking; used to drink D. is used to drink; drink16. I hope you next Sunday. A. see B. to see C. sees D. seeing17. You must save your money. Dont _.A. run out of it B. run out it of C. run out them of18. Tina, I have something important _ you. A. telling B. tells C. tell D. to tell19. Though I live in the forest(森林) _, I dont feel _.A. alone; lonely B. alone; alone C lonely; alone20. Tom, its cold outside. _ your coat when you go out.A. Take off B. Put on C. put away D. Take away21. Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.A. swimB. to swimC. swimmingD. swam22. is not easy to look after a little baby.A. The B. WhatC. ItD. How23. I often saw the boys in the river. A. swam B. swimming C. to swim D. swim24. It takes me two hours my homework every day.A. doingB. to doC. didD. does25.The glass of water is too hot. Would you please give me some cold water ?A. drinkB. drinkingC. to drink D. drunkB阅读理解（1）“English is such a difficult language!” How many of you have said so? English speakers also say similar sentences. But what they say is: Chinese is so difficult!The US Department of State recently looked at a number of different foreign languages. It found that its easy for English speakers to learn languages such as Spanish, French and Italian. About 600 class hours will be enough if you want to speak and read them well. Its because such languages are close to English.The most difficult languages, however, need around 2,200 class hours, said the report. Chinese, Korean, Arabic (阿拉伯语) and Japanese are in this group.Each of the four “hard” languages is difficult for its own reasons. Arabic is difficult to read for an English speaker. Chinese and Japanese learners need to remember over 1,000 characters. Also, Chinese words have tones (音调). A words meaning changes as you change the tone. That makes many foreign learners scared. ( )76. What is the easiest foreign language for English speakers among them?A. English B. Japanese C. Spanish ( )77. Why is French easy for English speakers to learn?A. Because its the same as English. B. Because its similar to English .C. Because France is close to England. ( )78. How many class hours do English speakers need to learn Chinese?A. About 2,200 class hours. B. About 600 class hours. C. About 1,000 class hours. ( )79. What difficulty in Chinese learning DOESNT the writer talk about? A. Its difficult to read for an English speaker.B. There are too many characters to remember.C. A words meaning changes as you change the tone. ( )80. Whats the best title of this article?A. Four “hard” foreign languages for English speakers. B. Foreign languages for English speakers. C. Chinese Learning. (2)When Jamie Edwards said he wanted to build a nuclear fusion reactor (核聚变反应堆), his friends thought he was crazy.But the student from the Priory Academy in Lancashire, UK, wasnt joking. On March 4, he became the youngest person in the world to build a nuclear fusion reactor with a handmade device (装置) in his school. He did it just five days before his 14th birthday.“It is quite a great success,” Edwards said. “I cant quite believe it!”He came up with the idea after reading the story of Taylor Wilson. The American became the youngest person ever to build a nuclear fusion reactor in 2008. He was 14 years old at the time.Always a science fan, Edwards says that he saw Wilsons story online and “thought that looks cool and decided to have a go”.He started it in December 2012. At first it was hard to raise money for it. He went to universities but they didnt take him seriously. Finally Edwards tu