Unit-3-A-Dill-Pickle-2.ppt

KatherineMansfield 1888 1923 KathleenMansfieldBeauchamp 比彻姆 Murry 14October1888 9January1923 wasaprominentmodernistwriterofshortfictionwhowasbornandbroughtupincolonialNewZealandandwroteunderthepennameofKatherineMansfield Asanoutstandingshortstorywriter ShewasborninWellington NewZealandin1888 ShestudiedatQueensCollege London whereshemetD H LawrenceandJohnMiddletonMurry afamouscritic whomshelatermarried Shehadyearsofill healthandstruggledasafreelancerandreviewer sheachievedsuccesswithBlissandOtherStories 1920 andTheGardenParty 1922 CriticspraisedherforhercapturingtheessenceofChekhov s 契诃夫 artforstoriesemphasizingatmosphereandactualliferatherthanexcitingplot andforher refreshingoriginality and sensitivenesstobeauty Justasshewonworldfame however herhealthgrewworse Shediedoftuberculosisin1923 MansfieldwasgreatlyinfluencedbyAntonChekhov sharinghiswarmhumanityandattentiontosmalldetailsofhumanbehavior Herinfluenceonthedevelopmentofthemodernshortstorywasalsonotable AmongherliteraryfriendswereAldousHuxley 赫胥黎 VirginiaWoolf 弗吉尼亚伍尔夫 whoconsideredheroverpraised andD H Lawrence 劳伦斯 wholaterturnedagainstMurryandher Mansfield screativeyearswereburdenedwithloneliness illness jealousy alienation allthisreflectedinherworkwiththebitterdepictionofmaritalandfamilyrelationshipsofhermiddle classcharacters Hershortstoriesarealsonotablefortheiruseofstreamofconsciousness Mansfielddepictedtrivialeventsandsubtlechangesinhumanbehavior HerImportantWorks InaGermanPension 1911 TheGardenPartyandOtherStories 1922 TheDoves NestandOtherStories 1923 BlissandOtherStories 1923 TheMontanaStories 1923 Republishedin2001byPersephoneBooks Poems 1923 SomethingChildish 1924 firstpublishedintheU S asTheLittleGirl Questions Whendopeopleeatdillpickles What sthemainfunctionofdillpickles Normally peopleusuallyeatthemduringthemealsinordertostiruptheirappetite Question Howdoesadillpickletaste Adillpickletastessour spicy bitterandsweet Implication ItsymbolizesthefeelingofVera amixtureofflavors Question Afteryoutasteddillpickles wouldyouenjoythemalot Afteryoutasteddillpickles youwouldn tenjoythemverymuchbecausetheyarenotaluxury Theyonlyserveasappetizer YouwouldnotusethemasamaincourseTheyareverysourbutsomethingaboutthemmakesyouhavetofinishthem Yourarelyeverseeahalfeatenpickle Thestoryhasaweirdconversationbetweentwopastloverswhomadeplanstodothingstogether Theysplitandtheguyaccomplishedtheplansbyhimselfandistellingheraboutthem Sheobviouslydoesn tlikehimanymoreandshowslittleinterestinhisstory ShealwayswantedtogotoRussiaandnowthathehasgonetherewithouthershecouldcareless SheisnowapplyingherfeelingstowardhimtoRussia Thedillpicklesymbolizesthechangesshehashadlikeacucumberchangingflavorwhenit spickled AdillpickleisratherbitterintasteandthroughoutthewholeconversationthereadergetstheimpressionthatVeraissortofbittertowardsthemansheistalkingto Forexample helooksbackonallofthefondmemorieshehashadwithVera butVeraisbitteraboutsomethingthathappenedthere Fromthewoman sperspective Herepicklereferstothewholeencounterofthewoman Vera slifeisverydull SothemeetingservesasanappetizerjustasastoneisthrownintothemotionlesswaterandstirsupvariousdesirestobreakthedulllifeofVera Onthewhole adillpickleappealstoyouwithattractivecolors greenishjar redchili Butonceyouopenthejar oneisenoughandyouwon tfinishthewholejar whichimpliesthatthemeetingwillnotbringVerafullsatisfaction Inthetext Veraislookingforwardtothemeetingwiththeman butitturnsouttobenosatisfactionatall Fromtheman spointofview Inhislife Veraisjustanappetizer notamaincourse meaningsheisnotapersonthatthemanwouldliketospendthewholelifewith Sheonlymakeshisdulllifealittlecolorful DiscussionWhatisyourimpressionofVera Whatisyourimpressionofherfriend WhatdoyouthinkaccountsforthedifferenceintheperceptionofVera sfriend Doyouthinkyouwouldperceivehimdifferentlyifyouknewhisthoughts Whydoyouthinkheisnotgivenaname DoyouthinkhewasevertrulyinlovewithVera Washestillinlovewithher Whydoyouthinkhecarriedoutthecouple stravelplans Whydoyouthinkshedidn t Doyouthinkpeoplecaneverovercometheirisolationfromoneanother Thefivekeyelementsofastory 1 characters2 setting3 plot4 conflict5 theme Acharacterisaperson orsometimesevenananimal whotakespartintheactionofashortstoryorotherliterarywork Thesettingofashortstoryisthetimeandplaceinwhichithappens Authorsoftenusedescriptionsoflandscape scenery buildings seasonsorweathertoprovideastrongsenseofsetting Aplotisaseriesofeventsandcharacteractionsthatrelatetothecentralconflict Theconflictisastrugglebetweentwopeopleorthingsinashortstory Themaincharacterisusuallyononesideofthecentralconflict Ontheotherside themaincharactermaystruggleagainstanotherimportantcharacter againsttheforcesofnature againstsociety orevenagainstsomethinginsidehimselforherself feelings emotions illness Thethemeisthecentralideaorbeliefinashortstory DetailedStudyoftheTextI Fivekeyelementsofashortstory Character Veraandherex lover hisnamewasnevertold Setting inarestaurantPlot ayoungwomanandayoungmanwhohadbeenloversoncemetagainaftersixyearsofseparation Theysatandreminisced Theme abouttherelationshipbetweenlovers theheroine ssensitivityandtheman sinsensitivitytoothers theirfeelings attitudesandinnermotivations Theman segoismpreventedhimfromseeinghowgreatlytheirliveshaddivergedinthesixyearssincetheyparted Conflict II Structureofthetext PartI Paras 1 4 Acoupleofformerloversmetinarestaurantsixyearsaftertheydeparted PartII Paras 5 21 Theyrecalledtheirpastdaysspenttogether PartIII Paras 22 46 Themanshowedoffhistravellingexperienceswithoutnoticingthewoman sfeelings PartIV Paras 47 51 Theyrecalledtheman sboyhoodstoriestogether PartV Paras 52 65 Theman sselfishnessandinsensitivitybrokethewoman shopetorenewtheirrelationshipandfinallyshechosetoleavehim PlotsummaryAfterasix yearhiatus amanandawomanwhousedtobeloversorclosefriendsmeetinacaf Theyreminisceaboutdaysgoneby thedaytheyspentattheKewGardenstogether hetellsheraboutRussiaandhowclass freethesocietyis abouthowhelikedtotalktoher Despitebeingpoorandshebeingbetter off aswhenshewouldeatcaviare bothofthemregretnotbeingfriendsanymore Atthecaf themanindirectlyinsultsherforstillbeingalone Themantellsherabouthiswonderfuljourneysandthathehasaccomplishedthethingstheyhadsaidtheywouldhavedonewhentheyweretogether Sheseemstohavelostherearlierhighstatus Nowthemanseemstopossesswealthhoweverhismannersstillreflecthislowstatus Healsoclaimsorseemstoperceivetheirlovedifferently forhethoughtthathelovedhermore howeverthewomantakingnoticeofhimfromthemannerinwhichhedidsomethingshowsthereaderthatshedidlovehim ThemancontinuestalkingthistimeabouthowhestudiedthemindwhilehewasinRussiaandisunabletocompletehissentencebecausehetakesnoticetohiscompanionwalkingoutonhim Whenit stimetopayheasksthewaiternottochargehimforthecreamsinceitwasuntouched CulturalNotenarcissus水仙 Narcissus InGreekmythology Narcissuswasahunterwhowasknownforhisbeauty Hewasthesonoftherivergod Hewasproud inthathedisdained lookdownupon thosewholovedhim Nemesis 复仇女神 noticedthisbehaviorandattractedNarcissustoapool wherehesawhisownreflectioninthewaterandfellinlovewithit notrealizingitwasmerelyanimage Unabletoleavethebeautyofhisreflection Narcissuslosthiswilltolive Hestaredathisreflectionandfinallychangedintoaflowerthatbearshisname thenarcissus Narcissusistheoriginofthetermnarcissism afixationwith 迷恋 oneselfandone sphysicalappearance Narcissismisaconceptinpsychoanalytictheory whichwaspopularlyintroducedinSigmundFreud sessayOnNarcissism 1914 Narcissismisalsoconsideredasocialorculturalproblem Itisafactorintraittheoryusedinvariousself reportinventories 鉴定记录 ofpersonality Itisoneofthethreedarktriadicpersonalitytraits theothersbeingpsychopathy 精神障碍 andMachiavellianism 马基维利主义 喜欢玩弄权术 1469 1527 意 社 思 略 道 巩固 不择Thetraitsaretheself obsessionofnarcissism theimpulsive thrill seekingandcallousbehaviororpsychopathsandthedeceitfulandexploitativenatureofMachiavellianism 这些黑暗性格具体指自恋 冲动 喜欢追求刺激 冷酷 爱撒谎以及喜欢玩弄权术 Exceptinthesenseofprimarynarcissismorhealthyself love narcissismisusuallyconsideredaprobleminaperson sorgroup srelationshipswithselfandothers Narcissismisnotthesameasegocentrism 利己主义 唯我主义 Synonym egoism self concern Egocentrismistheinabilitytodifferentiatebetweenselfandother Morespecifically itistheinabilitytountangle 理清 subjectiveschemas 主观模式 fromobjectivereality aninabilitytounderstandorassumeanyperspectiveotherthantheirown Althoughegocentrismandnarcissismappearsimilar theyarenotthesame Apersonwhoisegocentricbelievestheyarethecenterofattention likeanarcissist butdoesnotreceivegratification satisfaction byone sownadmiration Anegotistisapersonwhoseegoisgreatlyinfluencedbytheapprovalofotherswhileanarcissistisnot Althoughegocentricbehaviorsarelessprominentinadulthood theexistenceofsomeformsofegocentrisminadulthoodindicatesthatovercomingegocentrismmaybealifelongdevelopmentthatneverachievescompletion Adultsappeartobelessegocentricthanchildrenbecausetheyarefastertocorrectfromaninitiallyegocentricperspectivethanchildren notbecausetheyarelesslikelytoinitiallyadoptanegocentricperspective Therefore egocentrismisfoundacrossthelifespan ininfancyearlychildhood adolescence andadulthood Itcontributestothehumancognitive 认知 developmentbyhelpingchildrendeveloptheoryofmindandself identityformation TextAnalysis1 Andthen aftersixyears shesawhimagain para 1 Fromthisveryfirstsentencewecaninferthat a Shehadmethimbefore Infacttheymustknowneachotherquitewellalthoughtheexactnatureoftheirrelationshipwasnotclearatthispoint b Forsomereason theyhadnotseeneachotherforsixyears 2 Hewaspeelinganorange para 1 peelanorange totakeoffthepeelofanorangeAlso peelpotatoes shellthepeas weedthegarden gutthefish dustthetable 3 Hedidn tknowher Shesmiled hefrowned Shecametowardshim Heclosedhiseyesaninstant butopeningthemhisfacelitupasthoughhehadstruckamatchinadarkroom para 2 Shefounditincrediblethathedidn tknowher Thisindicatedthattheyhadknowneachotherverywellsixyearsbefore Shesmiled hefrowned Shesmiledbecauseshewasverygladtoseeheroldfriend Hefrownedbecausehecouldnotplaceher Hecouldnotrecallwherehehadmetthiswomanbefore Thatheclosedhiseyesaninstantimpliedhewassearchinghismemory 4 You vechanged You vechangedverymuch hesaid staringatherwiththateager lightedlooked Youlooksowell I veneverseenyoulooksowellbefore para 5 WhenthemansaidVerahadchangedverymuch whatdoyouthinkhereallymeanttosay DidVerareallylookwell No shewasnotfeelingwell Shecouldnotbearthecoldweather Sheshudderedoftenfromthecold Andshewasbeginningtofeeltheeffectofhergrowingage Quitelikelyshewassickatthattime 5 Loatheit Sheshuddered para 8 loathe tohateverymuchItwillbeusefultoknowthesynonymsofawordwhicharestrongerinmeaning e g dislikeloathe likeadore smalltiny bigcolossal possibleprobable surepositive surprisestun angryfurious hungryfamished tiredexhausted pleasedoverjoyed manynumerous interestingfascinating oldancient fineexcellent poordestitute declinerefusereject 6 Thenthat ssettled Andsmilinghetookuptheorangeagain Youweresaying theolderonegrows para 11 settled decided properlydealtwithhetookuptheorangeagain Noticetheauthor sdescriptionofthisminutedetail Doyouthinkitasignificantdetail youweresaying anexpressionusedtoencouragesomeoneyoujustinterruptedtocontinuetospeak Whydidheinterruptherinthefirstplace HedidnotwanttohearVeratalkaboutherself Hewantedtoturnthesubjectbacktohimself 7 Butshewasthinkinghowwellsherememberedthattrickofhis thetrickofinterruptingher andofhowitusedtoexasperatehersixyearsago para 12 Verawellrememberedthistrickofhis thetrickofinterruptingher thattrickofhis moreemphaticthan histrick 8 Thecolder Heechoedherwords laughingtoo para 13 Doyouthinkitanaturalresponsefromsomeonewhowassupposedtohavebeenmadinlovewithheraswewouldfindoutlater 9 Idon tknowwhatitis I veoftenwondered thatmakesyourvoicesucha hauntingmemory para 13 Themanbegantoreminisce Whatspecificscenesdidherecall Whatdidhismemoriesreveal students 10 Iamstilljustasignorantforallyourtellingme para 13 forall despite inspiteof e g Forallourefforts westillcouldn tsavehislife Forallhispower heisstillthemostdespisedperson 11 behavinglikeamaniacaboutthewasps wavingthemaway flappingatthemwithhisstrawhat seriousandinfuriatedoutofallproportiontotheoccasion Howshehadsuffered para 14 WhathappenedthatafternoonthatmadeVerasuffer Hewassochildish trivial andridiculousthatshefeltthathemadeafoolofthemboth completelyunnecessaryunderthecircumstances 12 Butknow ashespoke thatmemoryfaded Hiswasthetruer para 15 thatmemoryfaded thatmemoryabouttheridiculousscenegraduallydisappeared Afterall itwasawonderfulafternoon Hiswasthetruer Hismemorywasthetruerone Theydidhaveagoodtimeonthewholethatafternoon 13 Yes ithadbeenawonderfulafternoon fullofflowersand warmsunshine Herthoughtslingeredoverthelasttwowords para 16 Herthoughtslingeredoverthelasttwowords Whichtwowords Warmsunshine Whyso Shewishedthatshecouldhavesomewarmsunshineatthatmoment 14 Andinthewarmth asitwere anothermemoryunfolded para 16 asitwere seemingly inaway Itisusedtosaythatastatementistrueoraccurateinacertainwayevenifitisnotliterallyorcompletelytrue e g Hisretirementfromtheforeignoffice asitwere thebeginningofhiscareerasawriter 15 BecauseIknowIamgoingtoloveyoutoomuch AndIshallsuffersoterribly Vera becauseyounever neverwillloveme para 21 Nowweknowthattheyhadbeeninlovebefore 16 Hewascertainlyfarbetterlookingnowthanhehadbeenthen Hehadlostallthatdreamyvaguenessandindecision Nowhehadtheairofamanwhohasfoundhisplaceinlife Hemusthavemademoney too Hisclotheswereadmirable and para 22 Verawassecretlycomparingthemanwithwhathehadbeensixyearsbefore Herconclusionwasthemanhadchangedforthebetter Hebecamebetter looking muchricher andmoremature dreamyvaguenessandindecision Sixyearsago themanwasimpractical fullofdreams notclearaboutwhatheshoulddowithhislife air manner carriage bearinghavetheairofaman tolooklikeamanfindone splaceinlife tofindasuccessfulcareer 17 IgetthemmadeformebyalittlemaninStJames sStreet para 25 Igetthesecigarettesspeciallymadeforme StJames sStreet astreetinLondonwheretherearefashionablestoresFromtheman slifestylewecanseethathemusthavemademoney 18 Areyoustillsofondofperfumes Ah whenIwasinRussia para 25 Noticehowswiftlythemanchangedthesubjectagain 19 Shebrokein You vereallybeentoRussia Verawasalwaysanxioustoknowabouthislifeinthepastsixyears HerquestionshowedthatthemanorthetwoofthemhadtalkedaboutgoingtoRussia 20 Isn titcurious Ihavereallycarriedoutallthosejourneysthatweplanned para 30 Nowweknowtheyhaveactuallytalkedaboutgoingonthosejourneystogether Sixyearsago themanfellinlovewithVera andVerawasfarfromindifferenttohim Infact shealmostagreedtomarryhim Whatcouldshehaveseeninhimthatmadehimnotwithoutattraction Foronething hewasyoung energetic andmostlikelygood looking AndhecouldsometimessaythingsthatwereextremelytouchingtoVera Buttherewasonemorethingthatservedasastrongbond andthatwastheirsharedinterestintraveling 21 Ashespoke shefeltthestrangebeastthathadslumberedsolongwithinherbosomstir stretchitself yawn prickupitsears andsuddenlyboundtoitsfeet andfixitslonging hungrystareuponthosefarawatplaces para 31 thestrangebeast Itprobablyreferstoherlong cherishedwishtotraveltoallthosedistantandmydteriousplaces Ithadbeenhiddendeepinherheartforquitealongtimebecauseitwasimpossibleforhertorealizeitgivenherfinancialandhealthconditions Butnowthisoldwishseemedtobesuddenlyawakened 22 IevenspentsomedaysonariverboatontheVolga Doyourememberthatboatman ssongthatyouusedtoplay para 32 23 Butwhathasbecomeofyourbeautifulpiano para 36 Butwhathashappenedtoyourbeautifulpiano Shemusthaveplayedmusic includingtheboatman ssong fortheman Andmusicwastheanotherinteresttheyshared 24 Shemadealittlegrimace Sold Agesago Whydoyouthinkshesoldthepiano Thereseemtobeonlythreepossiblereasons first shelostinterestbecausetherewasnoonetoappreciatehermusic second shehadtogofromplacetoplacechasingafterwarmsunshine andthereforefounditimpossibletocarrythepianowithher third shewasfinanciallyhardupandneededmoney 25 Heletitgoatthat para 40 Hedidnotpursuethematter Itshowsonceagainhowself centeredhewas Undernormalcircumstances amanwouldbedyingtoknowwhathadhappenedtothewomanthatmadeherpartwithherbelovedpiano 26 Sheshivered hearingtheboatman ssongbreakoutagainloudandtragic andseeingtheboatfloatingonthedarkeningriverwithmelancholytreesoneitherside para 41 Noticehowsensitiveshewastonaturalbeautyaswellastomusicandart Loudandtragic isusedasacomplementto theboatman ssong 移情 Empathy 感情移入 共鸣 移情于物就是把通常表达人的感情的词转类用于物 实际上寓情于景 借此抒怀 Iwassurprisedtofindhimlivinginsuchdrabandcheerlesssurroundings 我意外地发现他住在如此单调而阴郁的环境中 Lazycloudsdriftedacrossthesky 白云缓缓地飘过天际 27 It ssoinformal soimpulsive sofree para 42 Itiscasualandnaturalratherthanformalandaffected 28 AndsheseemedatthatmomenttobesittingonthegrassbesidethemysteriouslyBlackSea blackasvelvet andripplingagainstthebanksinsilent velvetwaves Shesawthelittlegrouponthegrass theirfacesandhandswhiteinthemoonlight 43 NoticethatalthoughVerawasnotthere shewasabletoimaginethescenemorevividlythanthemancouldhavedone Itshowsthatalthoughitwasthemanwhowasreminiscing itwasVerawhowasmoreemotionallyinvolved themysteriouslyBlackSea Itisnotclearwhytheadverbisusedhere Iftheauthormeanttosaytheblackcolorismysterious thenshewouldhavetowritetheword black insmallletter ontheotherhand ifshemeanttosaytheseaitselfismysterious thentheadjectiveformwouldbemoreappropriate 29 Apartfromthem withhissupperinaclothonhisknees satthecoachman Haveadillpickle saidhe andalthoughshewasnotcertainwhatadillpicklewas shesawthegreenishglassjarwitharedchililikeaparrot sbeak para 43 apartfrom here somedistanceawayfromNoticethemorecommonuseof apartfrom asinthefollowingsentence Apartfromthesereasons thereisyetanotherfactor OnceagainweareimpressedbyVera ssensitivitytobeauty themysteriouslyBlackSea thevelvetwaves thegrassybanksoftheriver thewhitehandsandfacesinthemoonlight thegreenishjarandnowthedillpickleredasaparrot sbeak Thesecolorscancombinetomakeabeautifuloilpainting inacloth Cloth isusuallyuncountableunlessitreferstoapieceofthismaterialforspecialpurpose suchasatableclothoradishcloth 30 Inthepastwhentheyhadlookedateachotherlikethattheyhadfeltthattheirsoulshad asitwere puttheirarmsroundeachotheranddroppedintothesamesea co