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IntroductiontoMaterials Schoolofmaterialsscienceandengineering Companyname 1MaterialsandMaterialScience Thesignificance importanceofmaterialscanbeunderstoodfromthefollowingaspects Thehistoryofhumancivilizationandsocialdevelopmentisstronglyintertwinedwiththepervasiveroleofmaterials Andtheentireerasofhumancivilizationarenamedformaterials Theapplicationsofmaterials Companyname Companyname 1 1Howisamaterialdefined TheSolidsusedbymantoproduceitemswhichconstitutethesupportforhislivingenvironment propertiesTheavailabilityCostMethodsofsynthesisandproduction Theuseofmaterialsdependson Companyname 1 2Theclassesofmaterials Companyname 1 3Materialsproperties Propertiesarethewaythematerialrespondstotheenvironmentandexternalforces MechanicalpropertiesPhysicalpropertiesChemicalproperties Companyname 1 4UseofMaterials Depends propertiesTheavailabilityCostMethodsofsysthesisandproduction Companyname 1 5MaterialsScience Materialscienceistheinvestigationoftherelationshipamongprocessing structure properties andperformanceofmaterials MaterialsSciencedealswiththerelationshipbetweenthemacroscopicpropertiesandthemicroscopicstructures Companyname Companyname 2TypesofMaterials Metalsandtheiralloys metallicbonding Organicpolymers covalentbondingandsecondarybonding Ceramics ionicbondingandcovalentbonding CompositesSemiconductors electronicsBio materialsNanotechnologyfuture Companyname 2 1Metals Companyname Metalandalloys Companyname 2 2Ceramics Companyname ceramics Companyname 2 3Polymers Companyname polymers Companyname 2 4Composites Companyname 3StructuralCharacteristicofMaterials Subatomiclevel Electronicstructureofindividualatomsthatdefinesinteractionamongatoms interatomicbonding Atomiclevel Arrangementofatomsinmaterials forthesameatomscanhavedifferentproperties e g twoformsofcarbon graphiteanddiamond Microscopicstructure Arrangementofsmallgrainsofmaterialthatcanbeidentifiedbymicroscopy Givesdifferentopticalpropertiestotransparentvs frostedglass Macroscopicstructure Structuralelementsthatmaybeviewedwiththenakedeye Companyname Crystalline anorderedarrangementoftheirelementaryparticles ions atomsormolecules Companyname Threetypesofcrystalstructure Companyname 4Structure properties processingrelationship Companyname 4 1Properties Mechanicalproperties describehowthematerialrespondstoanappliedforceorstress strength ductility stiffness fatigue wearandsoon Physicalproperties electrical magnetic optical thermal elastic andchemicalbehavior Companyname 4 2Structure Atthefinestlevel Thearrangementofelectronssurroundingthenucleusofatoms Atthenextlevel Thearrangementofindividualatoms Thethirdlevel Grainstructure Finallevel phase Companyname Casting welding brazing soldering adhesive bonding forging drawing extrusion rolling bend
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