The Research on English Grammar Teaching.doc

The Research on English Grammar Teaching in Primary SehoolAbstract：In this paper, I research grammar teaching in primary schools , mainly from these four sections ;The first part I talked about the statue of grammar teaching in primary schools , traditional grammar teaching ;The second section analysis the problem existing in the reform of grammar teaching and the significance of this research.;The third section includes teaching principles ;The fourth section researches the approaches in grammar teaching in primary schools.Key words：Primary School , English Grammar Teaching , Teaching Principles , Teaching ApproachesAny language has its own rules;grammar is the comprehensive rules of wording and syntax.The purpose of grammar teaching is to allow students to learn basic language knowledge ,to pratice better of listening ,speaking ,reading and writing .Grammar is one of the most important components of communicative competence , while grammar teaching is an essential element of language teaching .Our English teaching in primary schools should correctly grasp the statue of grammar teaching and put the grammar teaching into communicative activities which can realize real communication . Meanwhile ,it is to be noted that in primary schools , the main aim of grammar teaching is to cultivate childrens ability to use English .It can only focus on training students communicative ability ,which is a finishing touch to the role , to help children achieve the task of effective communication . Grammar teaching allows children have a clear and systeatic understanding of the language rules , so as to establish language norms for them.1The position of grammar teaching in primary English teaching The main task of Primary English teaching is to train the ablity to listen, speak , read , write of the students through some activities like looking , listening , speaking , playing , singing and so on ; to encourage the interest to study ; to cultivate students good study habbits. Through learning a certain amount of vocabulary , contacting with a certain amount of everyday communicative language, we can train students to hear the preliminary competency-based communication skills in order to further lay the foundation for English learning. From this, it seems that as long as the English language teaching in primary schools enables students through listening , talking , singing , reading , learning simple English dialogue or a brief description of daily life in English to reach the teaching purpose. In fact, any language has its rules. As the saying goes: No rules fragmentation radius. Syntax is a comprehensive rules of word sentences. The purpose of teaching grammar is to enable students to learn basic language knowledge, better listening, speaking, reading, writing and language practice. Grammatical competence is an important part of communicative competence, grammar teaching is essential content of language teaching. In fact, people is always to learn and apply the grammar consciously or unconsciously in the process of learning and using language. Thus, static, closed in the use of grammatical knowledge for a dynamic, open, creative and communicative activities to services, the syntax is to help achieve accurate communication means to an end. Our English language teaching in primary schools should be the correct syntax to grasp the location of the grammar teaching communicative intent on reaching the true center of the communication activities to carry out, We also need to note that the teaching of English grammar in primary schools is not to develop their English language with the ability to parse, not asking them to grasp the concept of a series of grammatical terms, grammar teaching is subordinate to the use of English ability , is to cultivate childrens ability to use English. Grammar teaching in primary school can only focus on the cultivation of communicative competence to carry out the purpose of teaching to play the role of grammar teaching, It effectively helps the realization of communicative tasks. Grammar teaching allowing a clear understanding of the system will help children build up language specification.2Analysis on English teaching at presentThere has been a malpractice in English teaching because of the impact of Grammar translation method：Teachers teach grammar mechanically towards students , and students just listen and memorize it , this makes learning boring , the students can not accept it . In order to change English teaching in such a consuming and inefficient situation, English curriculum standards, pointed out that the English curriculum reform is to change the focus of English courses for over-emphasis on grammar and vocabulary to explain and teach. Perhaps the traditional teaching of grammar-based teaching methods goes too far, the reform of English teaching in primary and secondary schools goes into another misunderstanding: It only emphasises the importance of listening and speaking , not to teach or to teach grammar rules less than before. As teachers guide students to language acquisition rules , we miss the opportunity, resulting in English oral and written expression, It often appears that non-standard language errors become more and more. or the students even dont know how to organize language. It is difficult to improve the English performance.It has also brought negative impact. Through the investigation and analysis, the author also found that, even if the teachers, combine out the language rules through the study materials, in the actual classroom ,Its still not flexible design of the Shariah, cleverly initiative to mobilize the students. Even if the repeated advocacy of democratic and harmonious teacher-student relationship to student-centered, however, is still in accordance with the teaching of teachers in their own habits, interests and convenience to design teaching activities, teachers, students interest in learning, learning strategies, learning psychology and other factors to consider very little grammar rules all contribute to student learning obstacles. Mastery of grammar rules must be fully mobilized student autonomy, students need to actively take the initiative to explore, discover, require a large number of students practice, Students complete activities in order to master the law of the use of laws, to improve their English comprehensive ability, in order to achieve the purpose of English teaching. Grammar rules are relatively boring, and teachers should design teaching activities, activate the students interest in learning and motivation, so that primary school English class may be full of vitality and students become lively and interested in English learning . Through the survey I also found that teachers themselves dont have solid basic skills in English, Second Language Acquisition-related theory, is extremely lacking plaque. These factors also led to primary school students to learn grammar rules English class efficiency and quality of the less important reasons. In fact, teachers are also often frustrated over how to teach in teaching grammar rules3The principles of grammar teaching 31 Appropriate guide The teacher should pay attention to the time and appropriate content of guide when interpreting language grammar rules. It is demanded that the interpretion should be appropriate and concise.If the teacher explains too much ,it will make the children confusing and even boring .Some teachers consider that only if the grammar is explained as detailedly as possible can the students use languages correctly .they also think that students make mistakes in language because the grammar is not interpreted enough. In fact , learning English is the same as learning swimming and learning driving , too much explanation may not be good .The most impotmant is to practice .Besides , the childrens abstract thinking ability is not developed completely , it is poorer than adults , so we should pay more attention to guide appropriately . We should design intercommunicative tasks, teahing aims, teaching contents , at the same time , the philosophy of people-oriented advocated by New Curriculum Standards demands that teaching must comply with the instinct and nature of students. According to constructivism learning theory, based on the process of language internalization as well as a survey of students learning strategies and analysis, the students are very willing to take the initiative to explore the pattern of discovery , and in the process, we can increase the ability of students to language acquisition, enhance the sensitivity of language rules to foster independent thinking, analytical problem-solving skills and effective learning strategies . Let students find certain linguistic rules independently, they can memorise profoundly . However, teachers should guide students to discover rules though real communicative language atmosphere, and build a platform for the students to explore.32 Combining Explicit Grammar Teaching approach and Implicit Grammar Teaching approachIn grammar teaching , education experts proposed two methods : Explicit Grammer Teaching (EGT)and Implicit Grammer Teaching (IGT). 肖礼全，英语教学方法论川，48-50页，外语教学与研究出版社，2005EGT insists that students master the rules by learning the grammar rules .It is directly focused on teaching about grammar rules. Its purpose of grammar teaching is direct and obvious , it emphasizes the role of the teacher.While IGT avoids talking about the grammar rules , It primarily enables students to experience the language through the scenario and conclude the rules by using the languages. it emphasizes the role of the students. I think each of the methods has its advantages , they are not contradictory.IGT can not only help students avoid being spooned ,but also reduce the shortcomings of serious and mechanical exercises . in addition , it provides opportunities for children to practice and use what they learnt in meaningful, interesting scenario such as playing games,task based approach. However , combine the EGT and IGT may help students internalize language stucture and finally master the language through the process of using language while they learn grammar . We can use this teaching sequence: First , Let the students understand the significance of the grammar items in a meaningful context; and then , provide enough opportunities for the children to communicate and use language in a more realistic context . Finally , If the students understand and use freely, draw their attention to the grammartic rules to further consolidate the content they have learnt.In other words , the first part can be taught through IGT,and the 2nd part can be organized through EGT.33 create and utilize flexiblyLanguage learning is inseparable from practice and repeated application or practice. Basically,language learning is a process of habit formation , Some schools of language teaching proposed the effect of repeated use and creative use in fostering the ability of learning language from many different angles. Therefore ,in English teaching , particularly in the teaching language rules , it is stressed that create and utilize flexibly as well as the diversity of the use of language . We should guide the students to use the language creatively until they apprehend , internalize it . Use different types of tasks, a variety of tasks to enable students to use the law to understand the meaning of the law to express the relationship between the increased senses of language to achieve automation.Primary English Language law mainly lie in the sentences, dialogue, short article, therefore the law of the teaching language is mainly in conjunction with these specific learning activities in communication, in the experience of participation to allow students to feel, comprehend, and master some basic knowledge of the language. The language laws and language acquisition is tightly integrated. Language teaching law demands more intensive reading practice, appropriate enlightenment use language flexibly .The final aim is the formation of a sense of language and the establishment of a new set of language habits.34 Put-off the EvaluationTeachers attitudes towards errors and error correction techniques will affect the interest of learning English and influnce mastery of language. English classroom should be a place for students to communicate in English.When practicing orally and writing English , students may make plenty of mistakes . If teachers try to correct the mistakes , it makes the students be afaid of taking part in the class activities which finally makes the students feel discouragd and hopeless or even afaid to learn English. The main purpose of classroom assessment is to stimulate students interest and enthusiasm.Therefore , teachers should encourage the students positively: When they answer the questions correctly , teachers should encourage them . If they make mistakes , do not break the speech or criticise them . We can give the right answer inadvertently towards the mistakes students have made.and next encourage them to continue speaking until they can use language correctly.Put-off evaluation may not make the students feel uncomfortbale , besides , it can make the students have the sense of achivement which makes them willing to learn English .Correspondingly , their mistakes will be fewer and fewer.4Grammar teaching approachesAccording to the principles of grammar teaching , I propose some grammar teaching approaches from different angles.41 Foster students study strategy ,improve the ability of self-researchThe researches on study strategy is increasingly popular ,especially in the researches on learning a second languagefrom the field of research on “how to teach”to the field of research on “how to learn”,the emphase transfers from reseanch teachers to research students.English curriculum standards requires teachers to direct and foster the students stragety duing teaching English,it also demands teachers to help students to form a effective study stragety and make use of it effectively.Through directing the students to form study strategy , the students ability to study independently , to establish the foudation for the students to learn language. Actually, The completion of each learning task involves in learning strategies, only learners themselves are not aware of it. When a person is doing one thing, if he uses the most primitive way, he could finally achieve his goals, but the results will not necessarily be good, not necessarily to be high efficiency.Therefore, the learning strategy is essential for students to master the language rules and enhance efficiency. Practice has proved that: When teachers consciously infiltration and Enlightenment from learning strategies, and when combined with the teaching activities, students can more quickly learn how to learn, how to learn the language skillfully. Guide students to use observation, discovery, inductive, and practice ways to learn language knowledge, you can consciously help students develop their own learning strategy that will improve the ability to learn the language independently. In addition to infiltration of Enlightenment, teachers can guide students to sort out some effective learning strategies and to guide students in the event of a specific language acquisition in choosing the right strategy. In the process of acquisition of language , students can choose to observe the strategies, cognitive strategies, compare strategies, memory strategies, analogy strategies.42 Set grads,induct correctly,learn setp by stepGrammar teaching should pay attention to grads,induct the students to search the truth step by step.Never want the students to get the answer immediately .Teachers should emphasis on learning process, should have the students resolve the problems and achieve the task , then , have them talk ,communicate , discuss through group work and form common opinions ,and finally build his own knowledge.I often set grads through these ways:1) Teacher show examples and complete the examples together with the students2) Let the students observe carefully, discuss,analyse,compare the examples and then conclude the rules.The teachers supervise and solve the problems students have.3) Give impersonal evaluation and necessary supplement to the rules students concluded.4) Have the students drill , provide many kinds of practice , for example,choosing the right answer, filling the blanks,written translation , reading comprehension etc in order to check how much the students mastered.43 Edit some rhymes, songs for the students to learn grammar rules easily.According to the principle of pertinence,different ages of students have different content to study and different study habbits.Rhymes chanting may help consolidate the grammar rules which is effective. Students can not only experience the beauty of language ,but become interested in language study as well, in addition , if they pay attention to it and recite it repeatedly , it will help the students to memorize easily so that they can master the grammar rules .Learning grammar in brilliant rhythm and songs can make grammar learning much more easily. For example, when students learn the modal verb “can”and the sentence pattern “What can you do? I Can ”,teachers may edit a song with the rhythm of the song Happy New Year. Then , ask the students to sing in pair , help them to learn , understand and master .I can sing.I can sing.What can you do?I can dance.I can dance.Lets dance together.Then requir the students to fill the lyrics by themselves according to their actual situation .During the process, students not only master the main sentence stucture in the lesson easily , but also cultivate a sentiment.When teaching “how to change the cardinal numerals to ordinal nu