欧洲文化入门 ( 九 ).ppt

DivisionNineRealism Contents GeneralIntroductionRealisminFranceRealisminRussiaRealisminNorthernEuropeRealisminEnglandRealismintheUnitedStatesArtMusicattheTurnoftheCentury Definition WhatisRealism InartandliteraturethetermrealismisusedtoidentifyaliterarymovementinEuropeandtheunitedStatesintheLasthalfofthe19thcenturyandtheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury Therealistswantedatruthfulrepresentationintheirworksofcontemporarylifeandmanners Background TheHistoricalBackgroundTherealistmovementwasgreatlyinfluencedbythedevelopmentofscienceinthe19thcentury Theageofrealismwastheageofrailway wirelesstelegraphyandcountlessothermechanicalinventionsthatrevolutionizedthenatureofsocietywithinaveryshortspanoftime RealisminFrance Stendhal pennameofMarieHenriBeyle 1783 1842 司汤达Works ArmanceLeRoughetleNoir TheRedandtheBlack 红与黑 laChartreusedeParme TheCharterhouseofParma 巴马修道院 HonoredeBalzac巴尔扎克 1799 1850 Balzachasbeencalled theFrenchDickens Works LaComedieHumaine theHumanComedy 人间喜剧 EugenieGrandet欧也妮 葛朗台 LePereGoriot高老头LaCousineBette贝蒂表妹 GustaveFlaubert福楼拜 1821 1880 Flaubertisoneofthegreatliteraryartistofthe19thcentury Work MadameBovery包法利夫人 EmileZola左拉 1840 1902 Zolawasthefounderofthenaturalistschool Work LesRougen Macquarts罗根 马塔里 GuydeMaupassant莫泊桑 1850 1893 Work TheNecklace项链 ThePieceofString一条绳子TheUmbrella雨伞 RealisminRussia 1 NikolaiGogol果戈里 1809 1852 NikolaiGogolwasthefirstmasteroffictioninRussiatoleaveromanticconventionsandgotolifeforhissubjects Works DeadSouls死魂灵 IvanSergeyevichTurgenev屠格涅夫 1818 1883 TurgenevwasthefirstRussionauthortogainrecognitionintheWest Works AHunter sSketches猎人笔记 ANestofGentlefolk贵族之家 FathersandSons父与子 FyodorDostoyevsky陀思妥耶夫斯基 1821 1881 Works TheHouseofDeath死屋手记 CrimeandPunishment罪与罚 TheBrotherKaramazov卡拉马佐夫兄弟 CountLeoTolstoy列夫 托尔斯泰 1828 1910 WithDostoyevsky TolstoymadetheRussianrealisticnovelaliterarygenrethatranksinimportancewithclassicalGreektragedyandElizabethandrama AntonPavlovichChekhov契科夫Works TheSeagull海鸥 UncleVanya万尼亚舅舅 TheThreeSisters三姊妹 TheCherryOrchard樱桃园 RealisminNorthernEurope HenrikIbsen易卜生 1828 1906 Works ADoll sHouse玩偶之家 Ghosts群鬼 AnEnemyofthePeople人民公敌TheWildDuck野鸭andHeddaGabler海达高布乐 AugustStrindberg奥古斯特 斯特林堡 1849 1912 Works MasterOlaf奥洛夫老师 TheSonofaServant女仆的儿子 RealisminEngland CharlesDickens狄更斯 1812 1870 Works PickwickPapers匹克威克外传 ATaleofTwoCities双城记 OliverTwist雾都孤儿 HardTimes艰难时事BleakHouse荒凉山庄 DavidCopperfield大卫科波菲尔 2 GeorgeEliot乔治 艾略特 pennameofMaryAnnEvans1819 1880 Works Middlemarch米德尔马契 TheMillontheFloss弗洛斯河上的磨坊 WilliamMakepeaceThackeray萨克雷 1811 1863 Work VanityFair名利场 ThomasHardy哈代Works FarfromtheMaddingCrowd远离尘嚣 TheReturnoftheNative还乡 TheMayerofCasterbridge卡斯特桥市长 Tessofthed Urberyvilles德伯家的苔丝JudetheObscure无名的裘德 GeorgeBernardShaw萧伯纳 1856 1950 ShawwontheNobelPrizein1925 Works HeartbreakHouse伤心之家 St Joan圣女贞德 TheAppleCart苹果车MajorBarbara芭芭拉少校Pygmalion卖花女 RealismintheUnitedStates HarrietBeecherStowe比彻 斯托夫人 1811 1896 Work UncleTom sCabin汤姆叔叔的小屋 WaltWhiteman惠特曼 1819 1892 ConsideredbymanytobethegreatestofallAmericanpoets Whitmancelebratedthefreedomanddignityoftheindividualandsangthepraisesofdemocracyandthebrotherhoodofman Works LeavesofGrass草叶集WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom d当丁香花最后在庭院开放的时候 MarkTwain马克 吐温 pennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens1835 1910 Works TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCaravrasCountry卡拉维拉斯郡著名的跳蛙TheAdventuresofHckberryFinn哈克贝利分历险记 TheGildedAge镀金时代 TheAdventuresofTomSawyer汤姆索菲亚历险记 ThePrinceandthePauper王子与穷人 HenryJames亨利 詹姆斯 1843 1916 Works ThePortraitofLady贵妇画像 ThePassionatePilgrimandOtherStories DaisyMiller黛西米勒 TheGoldenBowl金碗 Art RealisminArtGustaveCourbet居斯塔夫 库尔贝 1819 1877 works TheStonebreakers BurialatOrnans b Jean FrancoisMillet让 弗朗索瓦 米勒 1814 1875 Hisworksgenerallydepictoneortwopeasantfiguresquietlyengagedinearthlyordomestictoil Works TheSower Gleaners ImpressionisminArt Generallyspeaking theimpressionistsaimedatcapturingthefleetingimageofascenetakeninbytheeyeinreallifeandrecreatingthetransitoryexperiencewithbrushstrokeswhichareeventuallytransformedintoawebofinfinitelyvaried tinyunitsthatdissolvesoliedobjectsintoadense coloredatmosphere a EdouardManet爱杜尔 马奈 1832 1883 Manetwasregardedastheleaderoftheimpressionistmovement Works leDejeunersurL herbe FoliersBergers b ClaudeMonet克劳德 莫奈 1840 1926 c CamillePissarro卡米耶 毕沙罗 1830 1903 Work ThePlaceduTheatreFrancais d PierreAgusteRenoir皮埃尔 奥古斯特 雷诺阿Work MoulindelaGalette e HilaireGermainEdgarDegas埃德加 德加 1834 1917 Works Caf Concert TheGlassofAbsinthe Ballerinaonthestage Post Impressionism a PaulCezanne保罗 塞尚 1839 1906 Cezannecreatedanewworldofformsoutofnaturalobjects evendistortingappearanceandreducingobjectstogeometricalpatternsinordertomakeacoherentwholeinhispictures Works TheBoyinRedVest ruitBowl GlassandApples b VincentvanGogh梵高 1853 1890 HeisaDutchimpressionistpainter whostressestheexpressionofhissubjectiveemotioninhispaintings Works StarryNight Sunflower TheNightCaf c PaulGauguin保罗高更 1848 1903 Works LaOranaMaria VisionaftertheSermon Sculpture Works TheManwiththeBrokeNose TheThinker Architecture Forthenineteenth centuryarchitectcomesgraduallytoabandonsentimentalandromanticadesignsfromthehistoricalpastintheinterestofanhonestexpressionofhisbuilding spurpose MusicattheTurnoftheCentury AntoninDvorak德沃夏克 1841 1904 Czechnationalisticmusician basinghisstyleonmelodicandrhythmicpatternsfoundinthefolkmusicofhisowncountry Works SymphonyNo 3inE flat Op 10SymphonyNo 9inEminor Op 95CelloConcertoinBmin