“It is (was) … that(who)…”结构的强调句.doc

“It is (was) that(who)”结构的强调句1. 此强调结构的重要特征“强调”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。这种强调结构也是英语高中里最常见的强调句语法考查。此强调结构最重要的特征是it在句中无具体指代意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用，并且去掉强调结构“It is (was) that(who)”后，剩下的句子部分仍能组成一个意思完整的句子，这便是区别名词性从句和状语从句进而判断是不是强调句型的关键。请认真揣摩下面一道高考原题：- Where did you get to know her?（07山东）- It was on the farm _ we worked.A. that B. there C. which D. where答案D。该句易误作强调句型， A是强干扰项。这里where we worked 是定语从句，修饰the farm。It指“与她相识”这件事，有具体的指代意义，由此可知不是强调句。该题很容易受思维定势的影响误以为考察强调句。而平时大家一再强调，用强调句型时即使强调地点状语，也不能用where而用that。该句如果要用“it was that”强调句型的话，可改写为“It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.”2. 具体结构和具体注意点这种强调句的基本结构为“It +is（was）/should(could, might) be+被强调部分+ that/who（whom）/whose+句子的其他成分”。如果被强调部分是人， 用 “that”, “who”, “whom”; 如果被强调部分是物，用 “that”或 “which”；如果强调状语时，也只能用 “that”, 不能“when”, “where”和 “why”。请理解以下句子：（1）It was the congress that played the decisive role in declaring the war.（2）It was because it rained heavily that they didnt go swimming. (不能用why)在做强调句练习时，需要注意：a强调的成分通常为主语、宾语、宾补、状语等，而作表语的形容词不能用作强调：误：It is beautiful that Helen is. 正：It is a beautiful lady that Helen is.b强调句中 “who” 或“that” 后的谓语动词，应与前面被强调的名词或代词在人称、时态和数上保持一致： （1） It is I who am responsible for the accident （人称） （2） It was Tom that/who painted the paper black yesterday. （时态） （3） More often it is the prime minister, but not the members of his cabinet, who visit other countries as the symbol of his country. （数）c. 对否定句中的某部分进行强调时，要注意 “not” 的前移: （1）It was not in the street that I saw her. (比较: I didnt see her in the street.)两句话的意思一样吗？3. 集中常见的变式和“It is/was + not until + 被强调部分+ that + ”结构其实说变式是有些牵强的。因为所有的此类强调结构都符合一个特点，即it在句中无具体指代意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用，并且去掉强调结构“It is (was) that(who)”后，剩下的句子部分仍能组成一个意思完整的句子。只要符合这特点，此结构就可以用在其他句式当中。如：（1）Was it those that the professor regarded with such contempt? （反问句） 注意 在疑问句中，当宾语是 “them” 时，强调时要改为 “those” （2）Who was it that interviewed you? （特殊疑问句） （3）What a glorious bonfire it was that you made! （感叹句） （4）He told me that it was because he was ill that he was late. （宾语从句） “It is/was + not until + 被强调部分+ that + ”结构最主要的难点是要理解其中until前面的not是被提前，而不是用来否定until后面的强调部分的。试辨析以下两个句子：（1） It was not until dark that he realized it was too late to return home.（2） The boy didnt have supper until his dad came back.根据第一句句意， not应该是被提前，而不是否定“dark”，原来的语序应该为“He didnt realize it was too late to return home