新编大学英语3课后答案 2.doc

Unit 1. PersonalityPart One- Preparation1. Mr. And Miss So and So 1) Gentle 2) Dedicated 3) Considerate 4) Adventurous 5) Calm 6）Aggressive7) Critical 8) Energetic 9) Selfish 10) Ambitious 11) Self-confident 12) Easygoing13) Truthful 14) Outgoing 15) Frank 16) Sensitive 17) Bossy 18）Patient19) Talkative 20) Persuasive 21) Sympathetic 22) Emotional2. Personality and JobSalesperson- shrewed, hard-working, boastful, acute, trickyTeacher- patient, tolerant, talkative, unselfish, loving, humorous, bossyDoctor- patient, calm, independent, careful, sympatheticPolice officer- brave, alert, independent, strong, calmAccountant- careful, honest, cautious, patientLawyer- persuasive, expressive, eloquent, serious, knowledgeable, talkativeTourist guide- enthusiastic, talkative, expressive, energetic, considerate, good-temperedHost or hostess of a show- emotional, expressive, optimistic, quick-minded, exaggerated, humorousReporter- cautious, extroverted, open-minded, adventurousSecretrary- easygoing, tolerant, sensitive, frank, thorough, efficientSpokeperson- intelligent, talkative, diplomatic, cautious, matter-of-factPart Two Post-readingReading ComprehensionUnderstanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction: (para1)Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para2-3)People s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.People with high self-esteem unsually act with confidence.People with low self-esteem are likey to be passive and easily influenced by others.3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (para 4-15)i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.ii) Set reasonable goals.iii) Dont waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame.iv) Dont be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.v) Do not make negative comments about yourself.vi) Accept criticism thoughfully.vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences.viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate.ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly.x) Practice being in social situations.4) Conclusion: (para16)The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.2. Understanding Specific Information1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6)T 7)F 8)F 9)TVocabulary1.1) self-couscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you.)2) self-confidence (belief in ones own ability, power, judgment, etc,; confidence in oneself)3) self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired)4) self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to ones own best interests)5) self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)6) self-concept (ones conception or general idea of ones own basic character and nature)7) self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)8) self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)2.1) B 2 ) I 3) L 4) A 5) H 6) D 7) E8) N 9) J 10) M 11) C 12) F 13) G 14) K3.1) profound 2)jealousy 3) numerous 4)overweight 5) overcome6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented4.1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded5) sensitive 6) respond/ react 7) eliminated 8) overcome my fear9) concentrate on 10) made no commentTranslation1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.（spend time on sth/ in doing sth）2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. (than ever before)3) When the right opportunity comes along, hell take it.4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.6) He finally failed to live up to his parents expectations.7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.Part Three Further Development1. Enriching Your Word Power1) B 2)B 3)A 4) B 5) D 6) C 7)B 8)C 9)A 10)A 11) C 12) BPart Four- Writing and Translation2.1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.5) Dont let negative thoughts hold you back.6）Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so dont blame yourself too much.Unit 2 Myths and LegendsPart One Preparation4. Matching Pictures1. Aphrodite 2. Ares 3. Hephaestus 4. Artemis 5. Demeter 6. Dionysus7. Poseidon 8. Athena 9. Apollo 10. hermes 11. Hera 12. ZeusPart Two Post-reading1. Testing Your Memory1) Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.2) He saw the birds were busy preparing.3) He planned to go to the feast/ sky with the birds.4) They didnt agree because Tortoise was mischievous/ cunning and ungrateful.5) With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.6) He made two wings with all the features he got from each bird.7) All of You.8) Nuts, meat and fish soup, punded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.9) For whom have you prepared this feast?10) Because he knew the answer would be “For all of you”, which was his new name. So he could enjoy all the food first.11) They were very angry.12) They took back the feathers they had lent him.13) He asked him to take a message to his wife.14) Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.15) He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house and cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely. But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp things instead.16) His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.Vocabulary1.1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparatory / preparation3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approvign E. disapprove5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/ faithless C. faith D. faithfully7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered9) A. troubesome B. troulbed C. troubled D. troubling10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure2.1) got/ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble 4) havetrouble 5) trouble with 6) in serious/ deep/ big trouble 7) get/getting into trouble 8) took the trouble3.1) with a pattern of roses.2) prepared a wonderful / good meal for us3) promised faithfully4) deliver this letter5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate6) keep out of mischief / behave themselves7） the sound of distant thunder8) received approval from the government9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much10）agree whether the drug is safe or notPart Three Further Development1. Enriching Your Word Power 1) C 2) C 3) A 4) B 5)A 6) B 7) A 8) B 9) B 10) A 11) B 12) APart Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice 万物之初，天体还是一体，充满混沌。宇宙如同一个大黑蛋，盘古就在黑蛋里。一万八千年以后，盘古长睡醒来，他感到窒息，于是他拿起一把大斧头，用尽全身力量砸开黑蛋。轻的、透明的部分冉冉上升，变成了天；而冷的、混沌的物体依然在下面，变成了大地。盘古站在中间，顶天立地。天地开始以每天一丈的速度分开，盘古的身子也随着长高。一万八千年后，天更高，地更厚，盘古像一根九百万里高的柱子伫立其间，天地永远也无法再合在一起。（附注： 天地渾沌如雞子，盤古生其中。万八千歲，天地開辟，陽清為天，陰濁為地。 盤古在其中，一日九變，神於天，圣於地。天日高一丈，地日厚一 丈， 盤古日長一丈。如此万八千歲，天數极高，地數极深，盤古极長。後乃有三皇(1)。數起於一，立於三，戒於五，盛於七，處於九，故天去地九万里。藝 文 類 聚 卷 一 引 三 五 歷 紀(1) 三 皇： 天 皇、 地 皇、 人 皇。）3. Racking Your Brains Step OneTime & Place: after, before, during, later on, meanwhile, next, first, second, earlier, immediately, soon, still, when , while as, where, thenComparison & Contrast: asas, similarly, likewise, but, not soas, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, rather thanAddition: and, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, too, alsoCause & Effect: because (of), due to (the fact that), as a result, therefore, accordingly, so, conseqently, thus, hence, since, as, owing toPurpose: so that, in order to / that , so as toCondition & Concession: if , despite, although, though, even though, in spite of, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, all the sameSummary & Restatement: in short, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, generally, altogether, in all, in the final analysis, in other words, finallyOthers: not onlybut also, (n)either(n)or, sothat, suchthat, soas to, otherwise, orUnit 3 Social ProblemsPart OnePreparationPart Two Post-readingReading Comprehension1.1) -5) financial career later guilty hurt6) -10) resentful productive independence responsibility trusted11)-15) frightening resentment abandoned factors quality2.T F T F T F F F F FVocabulary1. C H G A E K I D L B J F2.1)-5) constantly impact burden Candidly fulfillment6)-10) salaried resentment assistance perfect suppress3.1)-5） successfully resentment security necessity advisable6)-10) access/accessibility athletic maturity emotional effectivelyTranslation sPart Three - Further Development1. Enriching Your Word Power Step one:1)-7) A B A C A A C 8)-14) B C A A C B CStep two:Step three:1)-5) creates individuals makes combinaiton however6)-10) fall responsible which difference that11)-15) tempted used lowest died reducing16)-20) quick reason principle minor message2. Putting the Paragraphs in OrderStep one: E B F C A G DPart FourTranslation and Writing2.1) 孩子最好远离毒品一个电话报警者打来三个电话，报告毒品交易。他还对交易场所中小孩子的健康表示了忧虑。有两人被发现因吸入过量毒品而深度中毒，现场还发现大量被使用过的注射器。屋内情况非常糟糕，孩子们立即得到了保护。2）在逃的武装抢劫犯落入法网四名武装劫持犯在逃离现场时，开枪打伤一名警察。警察抓住了两名罪犯，但是不能确认另两名逃走的罪犯的身份。打进报警热线的一个电话准确、详细地描述了这起事件和其中一个逃走的罪犯。不久，一名男子被抓获，他被指控企图谋杀及武装抢劫。Unit 4 Career PlanningPart One Preparation1. What are They? 1)-7) film director surgeon flight attendent pilot cook/chef conductor lawyer8)-14）receptionist policeman butcher doctor/physician auto-repairman scientist/ research worker nurse2. Word Family 1)-9) job business trade labor profession work occupation career task3. Matching Game Section A: job career profession tradeSection B: pay fee salary/wages incomeSection C: job-seeker employer fire interviewPart TwoPost-readingReading ComprehensionUnderstanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction (para1)Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.2) Students weaknesses in career planning (para2):i) Most students choose from a very narrow group of occupations.ii) 40 to 60 percent of the students choose professional occupations, but only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work.iii) Young men lack interest in fields that offer many job opportunities.iv) A third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation.3) Serious flaws in the ways of decision making (para 3-5)i) Complaceny ignoring challenging informationii) Defensive avoidance resorting to wishful thinking or daydreamingiii) Hypervigilance searching frantically for career possibilities and seizing on hastily invented solutions.4) Keys to career planning (para 6-11)i) Study yourself.ii) Write your career goals down.iii) Review your plans and progress periodically with another person.iv) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over.5) Changes in careers (para 12-13)i) Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting ahead.ii) Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages.6) Conclusion (para 14-15)Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now to shape your career possibilities.Understanding Specific Information1)-12) T T F T F T T T T F T FVocabulary1.1)-7): acceptable efficiency implications instability rationalize evaluation foreseeable8)-14): invention hastily probability professional challenging defensive personality2.1)-5): in case Every so often resort to talk over start over6)-10): in reality at stake seized on leading to take stock of3.1)-6): programs way technical both provided who7)-12): such needed opportunities when to Completion13)-18): holding early hire promote up educatingTranslation1) He underwent a major heart surgery several years ago.2) We estimated that it would take a week to finish the work.3) I used to enjoy photography, but now I have no time to pursue any hobbies.4) You may love someone but not necessarily have to marry him.5) Terrorists resort to violence to achieve their political aims.6) He says hell stay in the office this afternoon in case you want to see him.7) Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth.8) These examples demonstrate how badly some students write their resumes.Part Three - Further Development1. Enriching Your Word Power 1)-10): A B C C C A C B B CPart FourTranslation and Writingtranslation (略) Writing (sample)January,27, 2007LuDongUniversityP. O. Box *Dear Sir or Madam,I would like to be considered as an applicant for the secretary position listed in todays Yantai Daily.I am a female student and I am now 21. In June this I will graduate from Lu Dong University. My major is economics. During my summer vacation last year, I worked as a typist in a company. I can type at a speed of 80 words per minute and I have taken shorthand. In my spare time, I have also worked on computer and now I can use the computer for word processing. Apart from these skills, I have high proficiency in English and I can speak English fluently. I have passed CET 4 and 6 with high marks. In a word, Im sure that Im a suitable person for the job and I can do it well.I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My telephone number is *. I am looking forward to hearing from you.Sincerely Yours,Unit 5 LanguagePart One PreparationPart TwoPost-readingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction: the most important day in her life. (para. 1)2) Her feelings before her teacher arrived/ her education began. (para. 2-3)3) The first encounter with the teacher. (para. 4)4) How she discovered words. (para. 5-9)A. Her initial success in learning (para. 5): she learned the spelling of a few words.B. The difficulties encountered in learning the meanings of words and her reaction. (para.6)C. Her new insight: everything had a name and each name gave birth to a new thought. (para.7-8)D. Her feelings and her new outlook on life before she fell asleep that night after her trip to the well-house. (para.9)Understanding in Details1) A. The two lives she led before and after the teacher came.B. The day when her teacher came to her.C. Before the teacher came, she lived in a still, dark world in which there was no strong sentiment or tenderness, From that day on, she began to learn language and gain a new insight into life.2) Because the day marked a turning point in her life. On that day, the teacher came to her to reveal all things to her, including love.3) A. Here being shut in the “white darkness” refers to a feeling of being lost, like a ship at sea almost incapable of find her way in a white fog without sunshine. Helen Keller compares herself to a ship lost in thick fog, and is unable to find her way. Like the ship with her plummet and sounding-line, she is reaching out and crying wordlessly for light in the dark unknown world.B. The ship.4) She felt tense and anxious, waiting for something to happen with beating heart.5) Both the new doll and the big rag doll.6) The words and the real objects.7) Words are the names of things. / Everything has a name.8) It suddenly dawned on Helen that the word “water” referred to the wonderful cool thing flowing over her hand and the word itself became alive.9) Because the word experienced a great change in Helens mind after she discovered the mystery of words, just as Aarons rod, which had been a piece of dead wood, burst into flowers with Gods love.“How I Discovered Words”When Helen Kellers Feelingsshe stood on the porch, waiting for the teacher to come dumb, expectantMiss Sullivan spelled “doll” in her hand interestedshe finally succeeded in making the letters for doll pleasant and proudthe teacher tried time and again to teach her the connection between words and things impatientshe felt the fragments of the broken doll at her feet keenly delightedshe knew she was going out into the warm sunshine pleasant /happyshe finally discovered the mystery of launguage in the well-house excited, eager to learnshe tried vainly to put the broken doll together repentant and sadshe lay in crib at the close of the day joyful and hopefulVocabulary1. Section A 1)-10): A B A B C B C C A ASection B 1)-5): renewed apply persist succeeded drop6)-10): revealed wonder keenly vainly impressed2. 1)-4): unconsciously expectant eventful immeasurable 5)-8): imitation/ imitating continually tenderness impatientTranslation1) Seeing all the people walking to and fro outside the office, I became more worried.2) In time he will see who is his true friend.3) That scientists experiment gave birth to a new drug.4) He had been shut in by illness during much of the winter.5) They would practice spoken English at the first opportunity.6) Everything she valued might be swept away overnight.7) Towards the close of t