现在完成时态专讲.doc

现在完成时态专讲总的来说， 两概念两注意两特别a. 构成（形式）have/has+过去分词 常缩写为ve s havent=have not hasnt= has notEg. I have already seen this film .-Have you seen this film yet?(一般疑问句)Yes, I have. No, I havent.I havent seen this film yet.（否定句）Li Lei has finished his homework.-Has Li Lei finished his homework?（一般疑问句）Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.Li Lei hasnt finished his homework.(否定句)b. 两概念1. 表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果(强调对现在造成的影响).标志: already（已经） , yet（尚未） , never ,ever（曾经）, just（刚刚） , during the past(last) three years（在过去的三年里）, how many times, how long,so far（目前） ,etc.Eg. Ive already posted the photos.（我已经把照片寄出去了，照片不在这里了） Ive seen this film.（现在还记得内容） I saw this film last week.（上星期看了，与现在无关）2. 表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态.标志：（1） for +一段时间eg.I have taught English for ten years. （2） since+时间点或表示过去的时间状语从句eg.He has lived here since 1998. I have worked in this factory since he came here.（3） since+一段时间+ago eg. I have known him since 20 years ago.（4） ever since (从那时起，自那时以来)eg.She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since. 她三年前毕业，从那时起一直当护士 We have been friends ever since we met at school/ since 1998. 自从我们在学校认识后，就一直是好朋友c. 两注意1. 与一段时间连用，只能用延续性动词，不能用瞬间动词Eg. I ve arrived in Beijing for half a year.( ) Ive been in Beijing for half a year.( ) 我们所学过的瞬间动词有，come, go , arrive in (at), reach(到达), get, leave , finish, end, buy, sell , borrow, die（死亡） ,marry（嫁，娶）,begin (start),join(加入)我们所学过的延续性动词有，be, have, know(认识) , live, work, teach, learn , study , keep（借）, dead（死的）,be married to sb(与某人结婚)，be engaged(订婚)，be engaged to sb(与某人订婚)瞬间动词与一段时间连用是要用相应的延续性动词来代替come(arrive,get to ,reach)-be ( in), go (leave)-be away (from) end(finish) -be over , buy-have , borrow-keep, die-be dead ,join- be in (be a member of ) begin(start)-be on (上映)2. 现在完成时态是属于现在的时态范围，不能与表示过去的时间连用Eg.yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1986, etc.(1) He_(live) here since 1972.He_(live) here in 1972.(2) He_(teach) in this school two years ago.He _(teach) in this school since two years ago.d. 两特别1. 在否定句中，瞬间动词可以与一段时间连用Eg. I havent heard from（seen） you for a long time . 我有很长时间没有收到你的信了(看见你了)She hasnt bought anything for two months. 她已经有两个月没买东西了2. have /has been to 与have/has gone tohave/has been to (曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了)have/has gone to (去了某地，还没回来)eg.-Where is your mother?-She has gone to the supermarket.Ive been to Beijing twice. Where has he been ?(他刚才到哪去了，他现在已经回来了) Where has he gone?(他到哪儿去了，他不在这里)现在完成时专练e. 练习 ： 用相应的延续性动词改写下列句子1.I have come to Beijing for two years and a half.2.He