南京航空航天大学.doc

第11页（共11页）Test Paper IALL YOUR ANSWERS ARE TO BE WRITTEN on TEST PAPER IIPart I. Blank filling (30 points)In each of the following sentences is one incomplete word, whose initial letter is given and whose sense here is supplied at the end of the sentence. Spell out the word in its proper form. 1. But then the truth sank in: Chinas quarter-century dash for dollars lacked an adequate system to hold both government and business a to even basic standards in consumer safety. (responsible for ones decisions or actions and expected to explain or be criticized for them when asked) 2. Having knowingly agreed to live under the citys laws, he implicitly s himself to the possibility of being accused of crimes by its citizens and judged guilty by its jury. (to make sb/sth experience, suffer or be affected by sth, usually sth unpleasant) 3. It would be very helpful to reduce peoples calorific levels by s , so they dont notice theres been a change, Pearson said. (the fact of doing sth in a quiet or secret way) 4. Rice offered little in the way of c solutions for addressing inequities in public schools. (based on facts, not on ideas or guesses) 5. Asked if she harbored any political a for herself in the near future, Rice said she planned to return to Stanford University once she leaves public office. (a strong desire to have or do something) 6. We have had and argued our differences, he said of his rival, and he has p . (to defeat an opponent, especially after a long struggle) 7. Although talkies became the d mode of movie making soon after they were introduced in 1927, Chaplin resisted making such a film all through the 1930s. (more important, powerful or noticeable than other things) 8. Chaplin played both the role of Adenoid Hynkel and also that of a look-alike Jewish barber p by the Nazis. The barber physically resembles Chaplins Tramp character, but is not considered to be the Tramp. (to treat sb in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefs)9. We have c made clear that we want to see the human rights of the Tibetan people respected. (always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.)10. The students were insufficiently qualified to meet the r standards of the universitys academic programmes. (demanding that particular rules, processes, etc. are strictly followed)11. Fortunately, these longtime rival nations have so far shown restraint as well as r . (the ability of people or things to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant, such as shock, injury, etc.) 12. The v city of Mumbai, the commercial and cultural capital of India, has already seen much of its business life return quickly to normal amid the mourning. (full of life and energy; exciting)13. If Pakistans military does not cooperate with their civilian leaders, the US needs to use its l over that military and help India gain the reassurance that all Pakistani forces will not condone any sort of terrorism. (formal) the ability to influence what people do) 14. We are, however, aware that there is an increasing national and international problem of fraudulent applications and this p us, as a university, to take action. (to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen)15. AS an open, diverse and at times c democracy, India has long been a target for terrorism. (in a state of complete confusion and lack of order) 16. When these well-planned attacks u , it was clear to anyone with experience of India that they were not homegrown. (to be gradually made known; to gradually make sth known to other people) 17. Americas so-called war on terror has been, in many respects, a c . (an event that causes one person or a group of people personal suffering, or that makes difficulties)18. At first, China saw all this news as yet another Western c to keep China down by trying to block its nearly $1 trillion in exports. (a secret plan by a group of people to do sth harmful or illegal) 19. Xenophon and Plato agree that Socrates had an opportunity to escape, as his followers were able to b the prison guards. (to give sb money or sth valuable in order to persuade them to give help, especially by doing sth dishonest)20. Yiwu, 200 miles south of Shanghai, is the w showroom for the factory to the world that China has become. (connected with goods that are bought and sold in large quantities, especially so they can be sold again to make a profit)Part II. Cloze. (20 points) Here are some paragraphs taken from the textbook. Some words have been taken out and placed in a box before the paragraphs, marked with letters like A, B, C etc. Fill in the blanks and write the corresponding letters on Test Paper II. A. intelligent B. claimed C. founded D. consciousness E. moderation F. unchanging G. rational H. various I. governed J. consistedUnlike the Sophists, the Greek philosopher Socrates sought to discover and teach universal principles of truth, beauty, and goodness. Socrates, who died in 399 BC, 21. _ that true knowledge existed within everyone and needed to be brought to 22. _. His educational method, called the Socratic Method, 23. _ of asking probing questions that forced his students to think deeply about the meaning of life, truth, and justice. In 387 BC, Plato, who had studied under Socrates, established a school in Athens called the Academy. Plato believed in an unchanging world of perfect ideas or universal concepts. He asserted that since true knowledge is the same in every place at every time, education, like truth, should be 24. _. Plato described his educational ideal in the Republic, one of the most notable works of Western philosophy. Platos Republic describes a model society, ruled by 25. _ philosopher-kings. Warriors make up the republics second class of people. The lowest class, the workers, provide food and the other products for all the people of the republic. In Platos ideal educational system, each class would receive a different kind of instruction to prepare for their 26. _ roles in society.In 335 BC, Platos student, Aristotle, 27. _ his school in Athens called the Lyceum (吕克昂学府；逍遥学派). Believing that human beings are essentially 28. _, Aristotle thought people could discover natural laws that 29. _ the universe and then follow these laws in their lives. He also concluded that educated people who used reason to make decisions would lead a life of 30. _ in which they avoided dangerous extremes. K. designed L. appropriate M. principal N. discipline O. transmissionP. precision Q. recognize R. peers S. metaphors T. toScientific writing is the 31. _ of a clear signal to a recipient. The words of the signal should be as clear and simple and well-ordered as possible. In scientific writing, there is no room for and no need for ornamentation. The flowery literary embellishment- -the 32. _, the similes, the idiomatic expressions-are very likely to cause confusion and should seldom be used in writing research papers. Science is simply too important to be communicated in anything other than words of certain meaning. And that clear, certain meaning should apply to not just 33. _ of the author, but also 34. _ students just embarking on their careers, to scientists reading outside their own narrow 35. _, and especially to those readers (the majority of readers today) whose native language is other than English. Many kinds of writing are 36. _ for entertainment. Scientific writing has a different purpose: to communicate new scientific findings. Scientific writing should be as clear and simple as possible.In addition to organization, the second 37. _ ingredient of a scientific paper should be 38. _ language. In writing a scientific paper, scientific intention must be given to the proper use of English because most scientists have trouble in this area. We must all 39. _ that English has very nearly become the universal language of science. All scientists must learn to use the English language with 40. _. Part III. Translate the following underlined paragraphs into Chinese (30 points) The Nanking Massacre, commonly known as the Rape of Nanking(南京浩劫), was an infamous war crime committed by the Japanese military in Nanjing (Nanking), then the capital of the Republic of China, after it fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on December 13, 1937. The duration of the massacre is not clearly defined, although the violence lasted well into the next six weeks, until early February 1938. Japanese officials lied about civilian death figures and still refuse to reveal them properly today. During the occupation of Nanking, the Japanese army committed numerous atrocities, such as rape, looting (掠夺), arson (纵火) and the execution of prisoners of war and civilians. The executions began under the pretext of eliminating Chinese soldiers disguised as civilians, and a large number of innocent men were intentionally misidentified as enemy combatants and executed as the massacre gathered momentum. A large number of women and children were also killed, as rape and murder became more widespread. According to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, estimates made at a later date indicate that the total number of civilians and prisoners of war murdered in Nanking and its vicinity (临近地区) during the first six weeks of the Japanese occupation was over 200,000. That these estimates are not exaggerated is borne out by the fact that burial societies and other organizations counted more than 155,000 buried bodies. Most were bound with their hands tied behind their backs. These figures do not take into account those persons whose bodies were destroyed by burning, by throwing them into the Yangtze River, or otherwise disposed of by the Japanese. The extent of the atrocities(暴行) is debated between China and Japan, with numbers ranging from some Japanese claims of several hundred, to the Chinese claim of a non-combatant death toll of 300,000. A number of Japanese researchers consider 100,000 200,000 to be an approximate value. Other nations usually believe the death toll to be between 150,000300,000. The casualty count of 300,000 was first promulgated (发布，公布) in January 1938 by Harold Timperley1 (哈罗德廷珀利), a journalist in China during the Japanese invasion, based on reports from contemporary eyewitnesses. Other sources, including Iris Changs2 (张纯如) The Rape of Nanking, also conclude that the death toll reached 300,000. In December 2007, newly declassified U.S. government documents revealed an additional toll of around 500,000 in the area surrounding Nanking before it was occupied. In addition to the number of victims, some Japanese nationalists3(极右分子) have even disputed whether the atrocity ever happened. While the Japanese government has acknowledged the incident did occur, some Japanese nationalists have argued, partly using the Imperial Japanese Armys claims at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, that the death toll was military in nature and that no such civilian atrocities ever occurred. This claim has been criticised by various figures, citing statements of non-Chinese at the Tribunal, other eyewitnesses and by photographic and archaeological evidence that civilian deaths did occur. (/wiki/Nanjing_massacare ) 注1. Harold John Timperley (1898-1954) was an Australian journalist, known for his reporting from China in the 1930s, and the book What War Means (1938) based on it.After the Japanese invasion, his accounts for the Guardian were some of the first-hand information most easily available in the West. His cables (电报) from Shanghai, although at times censored (审查，检查), formed the basis for some early writing on the Nanjing massacre from 1937-8. /wiki/Harold_John_Timperley 注2. 张纯如（艾丽斯张），华裔美籍女作家，出生于美国，曾任美联社、芝加哥论坛报记者 约翰霍普金斯大学写作硕士。注3. Nationalist: (sometimes disapproving) a person who has a great love for and pride in their country; a person who has a feeling that their country is better than any other. 民族主义分子，